Glendale, California
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| Missing image Glendale_in_LA_County_map.png Location of City of Glendale in Los Angeles County, and in California | |||||
| County | Los Angeles County, California | ||||
| Area - Total - Water | 79.4 km² (30.7 mi²) 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) 0.07% | ||||
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| Time zone | Pacific: UTC-8 | ||||
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Latitude
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34°10'15" N | ||||
| City of Glendale Official Website (http://www.ci.glendale.ca.us/) | |||||
Glendale is a city located in Los Angeles County, California. It lies at the eastern end of the San Fernando Valley, is bisected by the Verdugo Mountains, and is an important suburb in the Greater Los Angeles Area. The city is bordered to the southwest by the Atwater Village district of Los Angeles; to the west by Burbank; to the northwest by the Tujunga district of Los Angeles; to the northeast by the city of La Cañada Flintridge and the unincorporated La Crescenta area; and to the east by Pasadena. The Golden State, Ventura, Glendale, and Foothill freeways run through the city.
As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 194,973, but in 2005, the California State government estimates the population at 207,007, making it the third largest city in Los Angeles County.
Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, located in Glendale, contains the remains of many celebrities and local residents. It is famous as the pioneer of a new style of cemetery.
The U.S. headquarters of the Swiss foods multinational Nestlé are located here.
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History
The area was long inhabited by the Tongva people.
José María Verdugo, a corporal in the Spanish army from Baja California, received a grant of the Rancho San Rafael in 1798, an area he had been farming since 1784. In 1860 His grandson Teodoro Verdugo built the Verdugo Adobe, which is the oldest building in Glendale. The property is the location of the Oak of Peace where early Californio leaders including Jesus Pico met in 1847 and decided to surrender to American General John C. Frémont.
Verdugo's descendants sold the ranch in various parcels, some of which are included in present-day Atwater Village, Eagle Rock, and Highland Park neighborhoods of Los Angeles. In 1884 residents gathered to form a town and chose the name "Glendale". Residents to the southwest formed "Tropico" in 1887. The Pacific Electric Railroad brough trolley service in 1904. The City of Glendale was incorporated in 1906 and Tropico was annexed 12 years later. The most important civic booster of the era was Leslie C. Brand, who built in 1909 a grand estate El Miradero in a stunning blend of architectural styles. Brand built a private airstrip in 1919 and hosted "fly-in" parties. The grounds of El Miradero are now city-owned Brand Park, the mansion is the Brand Library, and the avenue leading towards it is Brand Boulevard, one of the city's main thoroughfares.
The city grew quickly. Its population rose from 13,756 in 1920 to 62,736 in 1930 before slowing down. The Forest Lawn Memorial Park opened in 1917. Pioneering endocrinologist and entrepreneur Dr. Henry R. Harrower opened his clinic in Glendale in 1920, which for many years was the largest business in the city. The American Green Cross, an early conservation and tree preservation society, was formed in 1926 (it disbanded three years later and the current organization of that names is unrelated).
"Grand Central Airport" was an important facility to the city and to the history of aviation. It provided the first paved runway west of the Rocky Mountains in 1923. In 1928 it opened its terminal, making the first official airport in Greater Los Angeles. For the next two decades it was the main airport in the county and references to "Los Angeles Airport" from that era generally refer to the Grand Central Airport, not Mines Field (later known as Los Angeles International Airport (LAX)). (Commercial airline operations at LAX did not begin until 1946).
Jack Northrop built his first factory here in 1927, though it was soon moved to Burbank's "United Airport". The first regularly-scheduled service between Southern California and New York City was initiated on July 28, 1929 by Transcontinental Air Transport, with owner Charles A. Lindbergh piloting the first flight. Among the passengers on the 48-hour trip were Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks Pioneering female aviator Laura Ingalls became the first woman to fly solo across in the country when she landed at Glendale in 1930. The first transcontinental flight by African American pilots, Albert Forsythe and Charles Anderson, was completed at Glendale in 1933. Howard Hughes built his innovative and record-setting "H-1 Racer" in a plant next to the airport in 1935. During World War II it became a P-38 base where the 319th Fighter Wing trained.
After the war the airport eventually returned to private use but its runways were too short for jet planes and the airport was closed in 1959. The terminal building, designed by Henry L. Gogerty, and the control tower are currently owned by The Walt Disney Company, though they were made uninhabitable by the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The airport was the setting of several films, including Hughes' 1930 Hell's Angels, Shirley Temple's 1934 Bright Eyes, and the musical Hollywood Hotel with Dick Powell. Glendale is a part owner of the Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena Airport (formerly "United Airport").
The Bob's Big Boy chain of hamburger restaurants started in Glendale in 1936, and the Baskin-Robbins, "Thirty-One Flavors", chain of ice cream parlors started there in 1945. In 1964, Glendale was selected by George Lincoln Rockwell to be the headquarters of the American Nazi Party. Its offices, on Colorado Boulevard in the downtown section of the city, remained open until the early 1980s. The Glendale Library contains one of the largest collections of books on cats in the world, over 20,000 volumes.Template:Ref It was donated to the library in the 1950s by the Jewel City Cat Fanciers Club, with the understanding that it would be made into a special collection and kept permanently for club memebers to use and enjoy. Template:Ref
Cityofglendale.jpg
The city saw significant development in the 1970s. Completion of the Glendale Freeway (HWY 2) and the Ventura Freeway (HWY 134), redevelopment of Brand Boulevard, renovation of the 1925 Alex Theater, and construction of the Glendale Galleria shopping mall, all contributed to the resurgence of the city.
On January 26, 2005, at least 11 people were killed in a Metrolink train crash just south of downtown Glendale.
Geography
Glendale is located at 34°10'15" North, 118°15'0" West (34.170939, -118.250081)Template:GR. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 79.4 km² (30.7 mi²). 79.4 km² (30.6 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.07% water.
Demographics
Foreign-born residents accounted for 54% of the population in 2000. Glendale has a distinctively Middle Eastern flavor, with large Persian, Armenian, and Arab populations, and many businesses catering to them. Census figures indicate that the ethnic heritage of city population is 30% Armenian, 20% Latino, 16% Asian, and roughly one-third Caucasian.
As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there are 194,973 people, 71,805 households, and 49,617 families residing in the city. The population density is 2,456.1/km² (6,362.2/mi²). There are 73,713 housing units at an average density of 928.6/km² (2,405.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 63.58% White, 1.27% Black or African American, 0.32% Native American, 16.12% Asian American, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 8.57% from other races, and 10.06% from two or more races. 19.72% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 71,805 households out of which 32.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% are married couples living together, 11.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 30.9% are non-families. 25.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.68 and the average family size is 3.27.
In the city the population is spread out with 22.4% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 88.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $41,805, and the median income for a family is $47,633. Males have a median income of $39,709 versus $33,815 for females. The per capita income for the city is $22,227. 15.5% of the population and 13.6% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 20.7% of those under the age of 18 and 11.9% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
Famous natives
See also
Notes
- Template:Note Template:Citeencyclopedia by Leonard Pitt and Dale Pitt, published by the University of California Press, Los Angeles. "The 20,000 books ... on cats is the largest such collection in the world."
- Template:Note Personal communication by User:JesseW with Glendale head reference librarian, 21:08, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC).
External links
- Glendale official website (http://www.ci.glendale.ca.us/)
Template:Cities of Los Angeles County, California
