List of countries by system of government
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This is a list of countries categorized by system of government.
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Presidential republics
Where a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is independent from the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:
- Afghanistan
- Algeria
- Angola
- Argentina
- Armenia
- Azerbaijan
- Belarus
- Benin
- Bolivia
- Botswana
- Brazil
- Burkina Faso
- Burundi
- Cameroon
- Cape Verde
- Central African Republic
- Chad
- Chile
- Republic of China (Taiwan)
- Colombia
- Comoros
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Republic of the Congo
- Costa Rica
- Côte d'Ivoire
- Cyprus
- Djibouti
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- Egypt
- El Salvador
- Equatorial Guinea
- France
- Gabon
- The Gambia
- Georgia
- Ghana
- Guatemala
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Guyana
- Honduras
- Indonesia
- Kazakhstan
- Kenya
- Kiribati
- Republic of Korea
- Kyrgyzstan
- Lebanon
- Liberia
- Macedonia
- Madagascar
- Malawi
- Maldives
- Mali
- Marshall Islands
- Mauritania
- Mexico
- Federated States of Micronesia
- Moldova
- Mozambique
- Namibia
- Nicaragua
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Pakistan
- Palau
- Panama
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Philippines
- Russia
- Rwanda
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Senegal
- Seychelles
- Sierra Leone
- South Africa
- Sri Lanka
- Sudan
- Suriname
- Tajikistan
- Tanzania
- Togo
- Tunisia
- Uganda
- Ukraine
- United States
- Uruguay
- Uzbekistan
- Venezuela
- Western Sahara
- Yemen
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
Parliamentary republics
Where a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. However, there is also a president who serves as a symbolic head of state in some figurehead capacity. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:
- Albania
- Austria
- Bangladesh
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Czech Republic
- Dominica
- East Timor
- Estonia
- Ethiopia
- Fiji
- Finland
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- India
- Iraq
- Ireland
- Israel
- Italy
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Malta
- Mauritius
- Mongolia
- Montenegro
- Nauru
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- San Marino
- Serbia
- Singapore
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Turkey
- Vanuatu
Constitutional monarchies
Where a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The head of state is a constitutional monarch who only exercises his or her powers with the consent of the government and is largely a figurehead.
- Andorra
- Belgium
- Cambodia
- Denmark
- Japan
- Lesotho
- Luxembourg
- Malaysia
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Samoa
- Spain
- Sweden
- Thailand
- United Kingdom
Semi-constitutional monarchies
The prime minister (or equivalent) is the nation's active executive, but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at his/her own independent discretion.
Commonwealth realms
Constitutional monarchies in which the Queen Elizabeth II serves as head of state over an independent government.
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Australia
- The Bahamas
- Barbados
- Belize
- Canada
- Grenada
- Jamaica
- New Zealand
- Papua New Guinea
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Solomon Islands
- Tuvalu
- United Kingdom
Absolute monarchies
Monarchies in which the monarch is the active head of the executive branch and exercises all powers.
Theocracies
The nation recognizes a state religion and the head of state is selected by some form of church or religious hiearchy.
One-party and no-party states
Non-democratic states in which political power is concentrated within a single political party whose operations are largely fused with the government hiearchy.
- People's Republic of China
- Cuba
- Eritrea
- Democratic People's Republic of Korea
- Laos
- Libya
- Syria
- Turkmenistan
- Vietnam
Military Junta states
The nation's armed forces control the organs of government and all high-ranking political executives are also members of the military hiearchy.
- Myanmar (Burma)
Transitional
States which have a system of government which is in transition or turmoil and cannot be accurately classified.
Systems of Internal Governance
Federal states
States in which the federal government shares power with semi-independent regional governments.
- Argentina (23 provinces and 1 autonomous city)
- Australia (6 states and 2 territories)
- Austria (9 states)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska)
- Brazil (26 states)
- Canada (10 provinces and 3 territories)
- Comoros (Anjouan, Grande Comore, Mohéli and Mayotte)
- Germany (16 states)
- India (28 states and 7 union territories)
- Malaysia (13 states)
- Mexico (31 states)
- Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei and Yap)
- Nigeria (36 states)
- Pakistan (4 provinces and 1 territory)
- Palau (16 states)
- Papua New Guinea (20 provinces)
- Russia (49 oblasts, 21 republics, 10 autonomous okrugs, 6 krays, 2 cities, 1 autonomous oblast)
- Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia and Montenegro)
- South Africa (9 provinces)
- Switzerland (26 cantons)
- United Arab Emirates (7 emirates)
- United States (50 states)
Devolved states
States in which the federal government has delegated some of its powers to self-governing regional governments.
- Belgium (Flanders and Wallonia)
- Italy (20 regions, five granted 'autonomous' status)
- Spain (17 autonomous communities)
- United Kingdom (Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales, plus the remainder, England)
Semi-federal states
- Antigua and Barbuda (Barbuda)
- Georgia (Abkhazia and Adzharia)
- Mauritius (Rodrigues)
- Saint Kitts and Nevis (Nevis)
- São Tomé and Príncipe (Príncipe)
- Tanzania (Zanzibar)
- Trinidad and Tobago (Tobago)
See also
External link
- Countries categorized by system of government in 20th century at Historical Atlas of 20th Century (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/20centry.htm)