United Arab Emirates
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The United Arab Emirates is an oil-rich Middle Eastern country situated in the south-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, comprising seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. Before 1971, they were known as the Trucial States or Trucial Oman, in reference of a nineteenth-century truce between the British and some Arab sheikhs. It borders Oman and Saudi Arabia.
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| National motto: none | |||||
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| Official language | Arabic | ||||
| Capital and largest city | Abu Dhabi | ||||
| Area | 75,150 km² | ||||
| Population - Total (2001) - Density | Ranked 139th 3,480,000 46/km² | ||||
| President | Sheik Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahayan | ||||
| Prime Minister | Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum | ||||
| Independence declared | 2 December, 1971 | ||||
| Currency | UAE dirham | ||||
| Time zone | UTC +4 | ||||
| National anthem | Arabic Emirati Tahiat Alalam | ||||
| Internet TLD | .ae | ||||
| Calling code | 971 | ||||
| Contents |
History
Main article: History of the United Arab Emirates
The 7 Trucial Sheikdom States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the United Kingdom control of their defense and foreign affairs in nineteenth-century treaties. In 1971, six of these states — Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Fujairah, Sharjah, Dubai, and Umm al-Qaiwain — merged to form the United Arab Emirates. They were joined in 1972 by Ras al-Khaimah.
Politics
Main article: Politics of the United Arab Emirates
The Supreme Council consists of the individual rulers of the seven emirates. The President and Vice-President are elected by the Supreme Council every five years. Although unofficial, the Presidency is hereditary to the Al-Nahyan clan of Abu Dhabi, and the Premiership is hereditary to the Al-Maktoom clan of Dubai. The Supreme Council also elects the Council of Ministers, while an appointed 40-member Federal National Council, drawn from all the emirates, reviews proposed laws. There is a federal court system; all emirates except Dubai and Ras al-Khaimah have joined the federal system; all emirates have secular and Islamic law for civil, criminal, and high courts.
Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was the union's president from the nation's founding until his death on 2 November 2004. His son, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahayan was elected president the next day.
Economy
Main article: Economy of the United Arab Emirates
The UAE's wealth is largely based on oil and gas output, some 33% of GDP. It is the third largest oil producer in the Persian Gulf after Saudi Arabia and Iran (Iraq's oil output has fluctuated due to war). Since 1973, the UAE has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. The country's per capita GDP is not far below the GDPs of the leading West European nations. Its generosity with oil revenues and its moderate foreign policy stance have allowed it to play a vital role in the affairs of the region. In recent years the government has sought to diversify its sources of income and lessen its dependence on finite oil reserves. One result of these efforts is a steadily developing tourism industry, centered on coastal, desert and sporting resorts and infrastructure. The success of these ventures, along with other factors like the relatively low price of commodities, the warm temperatures that prevail for most of the year, the engineering marvels such as Burj Al Arab and The Palm Islands, and friendliness to the West have led many to call it the Singapore or Hong Kong of the Middle East.
Emirates
Main article: Emirates of the United Arab Emirates
The UAE comprises the following seven emirates:
Geography
Main article: Geography of the United Arab Emirates
The UAE lies in Southwest Asia, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia. It is a flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; with mountains in the east. Its strategic location along southern approaches to the Strait of Hormuz makes it a vital transit point for world crude oil. The UAE is considered to be one of the fifteen states that comprise the so-called "Cradle of Humanity".
The border demarcation treaties of 1974 and 1977 between the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia were never made public. Therefore the exact border of the two countries is only known to their governments.
Demographics
Main article: Demographics of the United Arab Emirates
The UAE's population of 4.041 million (2005) consists of over 3.23 million non nationals. Indeed, around 50% of the population is South Asian, with the remainder being Emirati, Arab, European and East Asian. Some of the natives are originally of Persian and Indian subcontinent descent. The population growth rate is low compared to its neighbours. Religious beliefs are mostly Muslim (Islam is the state religion). However, there are sizable minorities of Christians, Hindus and other faiths. Around 90% of the population can read and write (2005 estimate).
Technology and Telecommunications
Federal Act No. 1[1] (http://www.etisalat.co.ae./federalactlawe.pdf) of 1976 establishes the Emirates Telecommunications Corporation as the sole telephone and telecommunications provider in the country. The Emirates Telecommuncations Corporation ("Etisalat") is also the only Internet Service Provider (ISP) in the country. Etisalat runs a monopoly in business and personal telecommunications services. Private providers are not legally allowed to provide long distance telephone services.
By law, Etisalat actively censors internet sites that are deemed to be un-Islamic or present information on the UAE, its cities or its people in bad light. Censorship of Internet sites pertaining to other religions and pornography is common.
Culture
Main article: Culture of the United Arab Emirates
Rooted in Islamic culture, the UAE has strong ties with the rest of the Arab world. The government is committed to preserving traditional forms of art and culture, including via the Abu Dhabi Cultural Foundation. Change is apparent in social life however - attitudes towards women are shifting, and new sports are becoming popular alongside traditional camel racing including the world's richest horse race, the Dubai World Cup, held annually in March. [2] (http://www.dubaiworldcup.com/)
Holidays
| Date | English Name | Arabic Transliteration |
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| 1 January | New Year's Day | |
| Varies | Eid ul-Adha | |
| Varies | Islamic New Year | El am Hejir |
| 6 August | Accession of H.H. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan-al Nahyan | |
| Varies | The Night Journey | Isra'a wa al-Miraj |
| 2 December | National Day | |
| Varies | End of Ramadan | Eid ul-Fitr |
Universities
- Ajman University of Science and Technology Network (http://www.ajman.ac.ae)
- UAE University in Al Ain
- Higher Colleges of Technology (http://www.hct.ac.ae)
- American University of Sharjah
- Zayed University (http://www.zu.ac.ae)
Miscellaneous topics
- Communications in the United Arab Emirates
- Transportation in the United Arab Emirates
- Military of the United Arab Emirates
- Foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates
- List of cities in the United Arab Emirates
- Prominent UAE Citizens
- List of UAE Job Sites
- Sarah Balabagan
External links
- Government of United Arab Emirates (http://www.government.ae/gov/en/index.jsp) official site
- Arab Gateway - United Arab Emirates (http://www.al-bab.com/arab/countries/uae.htm)
- BBC News Country Profile United Arab Emirates (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/737620.stm)
- CIA World Factbook - United Arab Emirates (http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ae.html)
- Library of Congress - Country Studies: United Arab Emirates (http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/aetoc.html) data as of January 1993
- LookSmart - United Arab Emirates (http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317916/us559898/us560105/us560122/) directory category
- Open Directory Project - United Arab Emirates (http://dmoz.org/Regional/Middle_East/United_Arab_Emirates/) directory category
- Yahoo! - United Arab Emirates (http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/United_Arab_Emirates/) directory category
- Financial institutions in the United Arab Emirates (http://based.in/?United%20Arab%20Emirates)
- Career UAE - famous career web site (http://www.careeruae.net/)
| Countries and Territories in Southwest Asia |
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Afghanistan | Armenia | Azerbaijan | Bahrain | Cyprus | Gaza Strip | Georgia | Iran | Iraq | Israel | Jordan | Kuwait | Lebanon | Oman | Qatar | Russia | Saudi Arabia | Syria | Turkey | United Arab Emirates | West Bank | Yemen |
| Countries and territories in the Middle East |
|---|
| Bahrain | Cyprus | Egypt | Gaza Strip | Iran | Iraq | Israel | Jordan | Kuwait | Lebanon | Oman | Qatar | Saudi Arabia | Syria | Turkey | United Arab Emirates | West Bank | Yemen |