January 31
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January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 334 days remaining, (335 in leap years). Also, this is the final day of January.
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Events
- 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon.
- 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is executed for his plotting against Parliament and James I of England.
- 1747 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital.
- 1814 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina.
- 1849 - Corn Laws abolished in the United Kingdom.
- 1865 - American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief.
- 1867 - Maronite nationalist leader Karam leaves Lebanon on board of a French ship for Algeria
- 1876 - The United States orders all Native Americans to move into reservations.
- 1915 - World War I: Germany uses poison gas against Russians.
- 1917 - World War I: Germany announces its U-boats will engage in unrestricted submarine warfare.
- 1918 - A series of accidental collisions on a misty Scottish night leads to the loss of two Royal Navy submarines with over a hundred lives, and damage to another five British warships.
- 1929 - The Soviet Union exiles Leon Trotsky.
- 1930 - 3M markets Scotch Tape.
- 1936 - The Green Hornet radio show debuts.
- 1944 - World War II: American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands.
- 1945 - US Army private Eddie Slovik is executed, the first American soldier since the Civil War to be executed for desertion.
- 1946 - Yugoslavia's new constitution, modeling the Soviet Union, establishes six constituent republics (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia).
- 1950 - President Harry S. Truman announces a program to develop the hydrogen bomb.
- 1956 - Guy Mollet becomes Prime Minister of France.
- 1958 - The first successful American satellite, Explorer I, is launched into orbit.
- 1958 - James Van Allen discovers the Van Allen radiation belt.
- 1961 - Ham the Chimp travels into outer space.
- 1968 - Viet Cong attack the United States embassy in Saigon.
- 1968 - Nauru declares independence from Australia.
- 1971 - Apollo program: Astronauts aboard Apollo 14 lift off for a mission to the moon.
- 1971 - The Winter Soldier Investigation, organized by the Vietnam Veterans Against the War to publicize war crimes and atrocities by Americans and allies in Vietnam, begin in Detroit, Michigan.
- 1988 - Super Bowl XXII: The Washington Redskins win their second championship of the 1980s, 42-10.
- 1990 - The first McDonald's opens in Moscow, Russia.
- 1993 - Super Bowl XXVII: The Dallas Cowboys defeat the Buffalo Bills, 52-17.
- 1995 - President Bill Clinton authorizes a $20 billion loan to Mexico to stabilize its economy.
- 1996 - An explosives-filled truck rams into the gates of the Central Bank in Colombo, Sri Lanka killing at least 86 and injuring 1,400.
- 1999 - Super Bowl XXXIII: The Denver Broncos defeat the Atlanta Falcons, 34-19. After the game, Family Guy aired its pilot episode.
- 2000 - An Alaska Airlines MD-83 crashes in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Malibu, California killing 131.
- 2001 - In the Netherlands a Scottish court convicts a Libyan and acquits another for their part in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 which crashed into Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988.
- 2004 - Mystery Science Theater 3000 ends its run on the Sci-Fi Channel.
Births
- 1338 - King Charles V of France (d. 1380)
- 1550 - Henry I, Duke of Guise, leader of French Catholic faction (d. 1588)
- 1752 - Gouverneur Morris, American lawmaker and diplomat (d. 1816)
- 1797 - Franz Schubert, Austrian composer (d. 1828)
- 1868 - Theodore William Richards, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)
- 1872 - Zane Grey, American Western writer (d. 1939)
- 1881 - Irving Langmuir, American chemist, ] laureate (d. 1957)
- 1884 - Theodor Heuss, politician and publicist (d. 1963)
- 1889 - Frank Foster, English cricketer (d. 1958)
- 1892 - Eddie Cantor, actor and singer (d. 1964)
- 1894 - Isham Jones, jazz musician (d. 1956)
- 1901 - Marie Luise Kaschnitz, writer (d. 1974)
- 1902 - Alva Mydral, politician (d. 1986)
- 1902 - Tallulah Bankhead, American actress (d. 1968)
- 1905 - John O'Hara, writer (d. 1970)
- 1914 - Jersey Joe Walcott, boxer (d. 1994)
- 1915 - Thomas Merton, monk and author (d. 1968)
- 1915 - Garry Moore, American comedian and game show host (d. 1993)
- 1915 - Alan Lomax, American singer and musicologist (d. 2002)
- 1919 - Jackie Robinson, baseball player (d. 1972)
- 1920 - Paul Warnke, diplomat (d. 2001)
- 1921 - Carol Channing, American actress
- 1921 - Mario Lanza, American singer and actor (d. 1959)
- 1921 - E. Fay Jones, architect
- 1921 - John Agar, American actor (d. 2002)
- 1922 - Joanne Dru, American actress (d. 1996)
- 1923 - Norman Mailer, American writer and journalist
- 1925 - Benjamin Hooks, American head of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
- 1929 - Jean Simmons, actress
- 1931 - Ernie Banks, Baseball Hall of Famer
- 1934 - James Franciscus, American actor (d. 1991)
- 1937 - Suzanne Pleshette, actress
- 1937 - Philip Glass, American composer
- 1938 - Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands
- 1938 - James G. Watt, American politician
- 1940 - Stuart Margolin, American actor
- 1940 - Jessica Walter, American actress
- 1941 - Richard A. "Dick" Gephardt, American politician
- 1942 - Derek Jarman, director and writer (d. 1994)
- 1942 - Daniela Bianchi, Italian actress
- 1944 - Charlie Musselwhite, blues musician
- 1946 - Terry Kath, musician (d. 1978)
- 1947 - Jonathan Banks, actor
- 1947 - Nolan Ryan, Baseball Hall of Famer
- 1949 - Ken Wilber, philosopher
- 1952 - Nadya Rusheva, Soviet painter (d. 1969)
- 1956 - Johnny Rotten, British singer (Sex Pistols)
- 1959 - Kelly Lynch, American actress
- 1959 - Anthony LaPaglia, Australian actor
- 1961 - Lloyd Cole, British singer and songwriter
- 1963 - John Dye, American actor
- 1964 - Billey Shamrock, Swedish singer and songwriter.
- 1970 - Minnie Driver, actress
- 1973 - Portia de Rossi, Australian actress
- 1976 - Buddy Rice, race car driver
- 1977 - Kerry Washington, American actress
- 1980 - Tiffany Limos, actress
- 1981 - Justin Timberlake, musician
- 1984 - Ashley Blue, actress
Deaths
- 743 - Muhammad al-Baqir, Shia Imam (b. 676)
- 1398 - Emperor Suko of Japan (b. 1334)
- 1561 - Menno Simons, founder of Mennonite church (b. 1496)
- 1606 - Guy Fawkes, English conspirator (executed) (b. 1570)
- 1851 - David Spangler Kaufman, American politician (b. 1813)
- 1892 - Charles Spurgeon, preacher and evangelist
- 1907 - Timothy Eaton, department store founder (b. 1834)
- 1933 - John Galsworthy, English writer (b. 1867)
- 1944 - Jean Giraudoux, French writer (b. 1882)
- 1945 - Eddie Slovik, American soldier (b. 1920)
- 1956 - A. A. Milne, English author (b. 1882)
- 1967 - Eddie Tolan, American athlete (b. 1908)
- 1970 - Slim Harpo, blues singer (b. 1924)
- 1974 - Samuel Goldwyn, American film studio executive (b. 1882)
- 1976 - Ernesto Miranda, American litigant
- 1990 - Rashad Khalifa, imam (stabbed to death) (b. 1935)
- 1992 - Willie Dixon, blues musician (b. 1915)
- 1995 - George Abbott, director and producer on Broadway, dies at 107 (b. 1887)
- 1997 - John Joseph Scanlan, Roman Catholic prelate
- 1999 - Norm Zauchin, Major League Baseball player (b. 1929)
- 2000 - Gil Kane, comic book writer
- 2001 - Gordon R. Dickson, science fiction writer (b. 1923)
- 2002 - Francis S. Gabriski, American flying ace
- 2004 - Eleanor Holm, American swimmer
Holidays and observances
- Catholicism - Feast day of St. John Bosco.
External links
- BBC: On This Day (http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/31)
- Today in History: January 31 (http://www.tnl.net/when/1/31)
January 30 - February 1 - December 31 - February 28 (February 29) -- listing of all days
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