1561
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| Years: 1558 1559 1560 - 1561 - 1562 1563 1564 | |
| Decades: 1530s 1540s 1550s - 1560s - 1570s 1580s 1590s | |
| Centuries: 15th century - 16th century - 17th century | |
| Contents |
Events
- The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots.
- Mary, Queen of Scots is denied passage through England after returning from France. She arrives at Leith, Scotland on August 19.
- The first Calvinists settle in England after fleeing Flanders.
- Madrid is declared the capital of Spain by Philip II.
- St. Paul's Cathedral in London is badly damaged by fire.
- Ruy López develops modern techniques of chess playing in Spain.
- Sweden conquers Livonia (modern Estonia).
- Michelangelo Buonarroti finishes Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri in Rome
- Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is finished (started in 1534)
Births
- January 6 - Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician and physicist (died 1656)
- January 22 - Sir Francis Bacon, English philosopher, scientist and statesman (died 1626)
- July 11 - Luís de Góngora y Argote, Spanish baroque poet. (died 1627)
- August 20 - Jacopo Peri, Italian composer (died 1633)
- August 24 - Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk (died 1626)
- August 25 - Philippe van Lansberge, Dutch astronomer (died 1632)
- September 29 - Adriaan van Roomen, Belgian mathematician (died 1615)
- December 9 - Edwin Sandys, English founder of the colony of Virginia (died 1629)
- Jacopo Corsi, Italian composer (died 1602)
- John Harington, English writer (died 1612)
- Samuel Harsnett, Archbishop of York (died 1631)
- Kikkawa Hiroie, Japanese nobleman
- Giulio Cesare Martinengo, Italian composer
- Jan VII of Nassau, father of John Maurice of Nassau
Deaths
- February 26 - Jorge de Montemayor, Spanish novelist and poet (born 1520)
- October 27 - Lope de Aguirre, Basque rebel and conquistador in South America (born 1510)
- Alonso Berruguete, Spanish painter and sculptor (born 1480)
- Luis de Milán, Spanish composer (born 1500)
- Menno Simons, Anabaptist religious leader (born 1496)
- Ijuin Tadaaki, Japanese nobleman
- Jan Tarnowski, Polish nobleman (born 1488)
- Hans Tausen, Danish reformer (born 1494)
Literature
- The Book of the Courtier (Il Cortegiano) is translated into English by Sir Thomas Hoby
- Poetics by Julius Caesar Scaliger
- Institution of the Christian Religion is translated into English by Thomas Norton
- Gabriele Fallopius publishes Observationes anatomicae (anatomical observations)af:1561
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