July 11
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July 11 is the 192nd day (193rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 173 days remaining.
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Events
- 1302 - Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch) - the Flemish cities beat the king of France.
- 1346 - Charles IV of Luxembourg elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
- 1576 - Martin Frobisher sights Greenland.
- 1616 - Samuel de Champlain returns to Quebec.
- 1533 - King Henry VIII of England is excommunicated.
- 1740 - Jews expelled from Little Russia.
- 1750 - Halifax, Nova Scotia almost completely destroyed by fire.
- 1776 - Captain James Cook begins third voyage.
- 1796 - The U.S. takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under terms of the Jay Treaty.
- 1798 - The United States Marine Corps is re-established; they had been disbanded after the American Revolutionary War.
- 1804 - In a duel, Vice President Aaron Burr kills Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton.
- 1811 - Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro publishes his memoire about molecular content of gases.
- 1848 - The Waterloo railway station in London opens.
- 1859 - A Tale Of Two Cities by Charles Dickens is published.
- 1864 - Confederate forces attempt an invasion of Washington DC.
- 1893 - The first cultured pearl is obtained by Kokichi Mikimoto.
- 1895 - The brothers Lumière show film for scientists.
- 1897 - Salomon August Andrée leaves Spitsbergen to try to reach the North pole by balloon. He later crashes and dies.
- 1914 - Babe Ruth debuts in major league baseball.
- 1919 - Eight-hour working day and free Sunday made into law in the Netherlands.
- 1921 - Truce called in the Irish War of Independence; see Irish calendar.
- 1921 - Former US President William Howard Taft sworn in as 10th Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court, becoming the only person to ever be both President and Chief Justice.
- 1936 - Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic.
- 1940 - Vichy Regime formally established in France. (and Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Prime Minister of France).
- 1943 - The Germans counter-attack on Sicily.
- 1944 - Franklin D. Roosevelt says he will run for a fourth term as president of the United States.
- 1955 - The phrase In God We Trust is added to all US currency.
- 1960 - Dahomey (now Benin), Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), and Niger all gain independence.
- 1962 - First transatlantic satellite television transmission.
- 1962 - Soviet cosmonaut Micolaev is four days in space, a record.
- 1971 - Copper mines in Chile nationalised.
- 1973 - A Brazilian Boeing 707 crashes near Paris on approach to Orly Airport, resulting in the death of 122 people.
- 1975 - Chinese archeologists discover a large burial site with 6,000 clay statutes of warriors from 221 BC.
- 1977 - Martin Luther King is posthumously rewarded the Medal of Freedom.
- 1979 - The space station Skylab returns to Earth.
- 1982 - Defeating West Germany 3–1 at Santiago Bernabéu stadium, Italy wins 1982 edition of the Football World Cup.
- 1983 - A Boeing 727 crashes into hilly terrain after a tail strike in Cuenca, Ecuador, claiming 119 lives.
- 1987 - According to the United Nations, the world population crosses the 5,000,000,000 mark.
- 1991 - A Nigerian DC-8 crashes while landing at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia killing 261
- 1991 - Total solar eclipse in Hawaii.
- 1995 - Full diplomatic relations are established between the United States and Vietnam.
- 1995 - Bosnian Serbs capture the Muslim city of Srebrenica. Many inhabitants are murdered, beginning the so-called Srebrenica Massacre.
- 1995 - A Cubana de Aviacion Antonov AN-24 crashes into the Caribbean off southeast Cuba killing 44
Births
- 1274 - Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland (d. 1329)
- 1657 - King Frederick I of Prussia (d. 1713)
- 1754 - Thomas Bowdler, English physican and censor (d. 1825)
- 1767 - John Quincy Adams, President of the United States (d. 1848)
- 1844 - King Peter of Serbia (d. 1921)
- 1857 - Alfred Binet, French psychologist (d. 1911)
- 1897 - Eugene "Bull" Connor, sheriff of Birmingham, Alabama (d. 1973)
- 1899 - E. B. White, American writer (d. 1985)
- 1903 - O. E. Hasse, actor (d. 1978)
- 1906 - Herbert Wehner, German politician (d. 1990)
- 1910 - Irene Hervey, American actress (d. 1998)
- 1913 - Cordwainer Smith, American writer (d. 1966)
- 1916 - Gough Whitlam, twenty-first Prime Minister of Australia
- 1921 - Ilse Werner, actress
- 1924 - Brett Somers, Canadian actor
- 1925 - Nicolai Gedda, Swedish tenor
- 1926 - Frederick Buechner, American author
- 1929 - Hermann Prey, German baritone (d. 1998)
- 1930 - Harold Bloom, American literary critic
- 1931 - Tab Hunter, American actor
- 1934 - Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer
- 1939 - Seth Gaaikema, Dutch comedian
- 1949 - Liona Boyd, English-born classical guitarist
- 1950 - Bruce McGill, American actor
- 1957 - Michael Rose, Jamaican musician (Black Uhuru)
- 1958 - Hugo Sánchez, Mexican footballer
- 1959 - Suzanne Vega, American singer
- 1959 - Richie Sambora, guitarist (Bon Jovi)
- 1968 - Esera Tuaolo, American football player
- 1973 - Konstantinos Kenteris, Greek athlete
- 1974 - Hermann Hreidarsson, Icelandic footballer
- 1976 - Lil' Kim, American rapper
- 1976 - Eduardo Najera, Mexican-born basketball player
- 1983 - Marie Eleonor Serneholt, Swedish musician (A-Teens)
- 1984 - Tanith Belbin, Canadian figure skater
Deaths
- ca. 155 - Pope Pius I
- 472 - Anthemius, Emperor of the Western Empire (legal murder)
- 937 - Rudolph II of Burgundy
- 969 - Olga of Kiev
- 1804 - Alexander Hamilton, United States Secretary of the Treasury (duel)
- 1937 - George Gershwin, American composer (b. 1898)
- 1959 - Charlie Parker, cricketer (b. 1882)
- 1971 - John W. Campbell, science fiction writer and editor (b. 1910)
- 1974 - Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1994 - Gary Kildall, computer programmer (b. 1942)
- 1989 - Sir Laurence Olivier, English actor (b. 1907)
- 1999 - Helen Forrest, American jazz singer (b. 1917)
- 2000 - Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1921)
- 2001 - Herman Brood, singer and artist (suicide) (b. 1946)
- 2004 - Laurance Rockefeller, conservationist and philanthropist (b. 1910)
Holidays and observances
- Belgium (partially) - Flemish Day (1302)
- Benin - Independence Day (1960)
- Burkina Faso - Independence Day (1960)
- Ireland - National Day of Commemoration held on nearest Sunday to this date (see Irish calendar).
- Mongolia - Naadam Holiday
- Niger - Independence Day (1960)
- Feast Day of Saint Olga (first Russian Saint)
- Feast Day of Saint Benedictus (founder of the Benedictine Order)
External links
- BBC: On This Day (http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/11)
July 10 - July 12 - June 11 - August 11 -- listing of all days
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