1844
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| Years: 1841 1842 1843 - 1844 - 1845 1846 1847 | |
| Decades: 1810s 1820s 1830s - 1840s - 1850s 1860s 1870s | |
| Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century | |
1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar).
Events
- January 15 - University of Notre Dame receives its charter from Indiana.
- February 27 - The Dominican Republic gains independence from Haiti.
- February 28 - A gun on USS Princeton explodes while the boat is on a Potomac River cruise, killing two United States Cabinet members and several others.
- May 23 - Persian Prophet The Báb announces His revelation, founding Bábism.
- May 24 - First electrical telegram sent by Samuel Morse from Baltimore, Maryland to Washington, D.C., saying "What hath God wrought?".
- June 6 - George Williams founds the Young Men's Christian Association in London.
- June 15 - Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber.
- June 27 - Joseph Smith, Jr. is murdered with his brother Hyrum in Carthage Jail, Carthage, Illinois.
- July 3 - The last pair of Great Auks are killed.
- August 8 - During a meeting held in Nauvoo, the Quorum of Twelve, headed by Brigham Young, is created as the leading body of the Mormon Church.
- October 22 - Date predicted by the Millerites for the Second Coming of Jesus; leads to the Great Disappointment.
- November - James K. Polk defeats Henry Clay in the U.S. presidential election
- November 6 - The Dominican Republic gains its independence from Spain.
- First ever international cricket match is played in New York City between Canada and the United States.
- Swedish chemistry professor Gustaf Erik Pasch invents the safety match
- Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx meet in Paris
- Alexander Dumas Jr meets Marie Duplessis
- Locksmith Alexander Fichet invents the first safe
- Carlos Antonio Lopez becomes dictator of Paraguay
- Abd al-Kader is defeated at Isly in Morocco. The sultan of Morocco soon repudiates his ally.
Births
- February 17 - Aaron Montgomery Ward, American department store founder (d. 1913)
- February 20 - Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist (d. 1906)
- February 20 - Joshua Slocum, Canadian seaman and adventurer (d. 1909)
- February 21 - Charles-Marie Widor, French organist and composer (d. 1937)
- March 10 - Pablo de Sarasate, Spanish violinist (d. 1908)
- March 18 - Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer (d. 1908)
- March 30 - Paul Verlaine, French lyric poet (d. 1896)
- April 16 - Anatole France, French writer (d. 1924)
- May 17 - Julius Wellhausen, German biblical scholar (d. 1918)
- May 21 - Henri Rousseau, French artist (d. 1910)
- May 22 - Mary Cassatt, American artist (d. 1926)
- May 23 - `Abdu'l-Bahá, Persian religious leader (d. 1921)
- July 11 - King Peter I of Serbia (d. 1921)
- July 22 - William Archibald Spooner, British scholar and Anglican priest (d. 1930)
- July 28 - Gerard Manley Hopkins, English poet (d. 1889)
- August 6 - Prince Alfred of the United Kingdom, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1900)
- August 17 - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (d. 1913)
- August 22 - George Washington DeLong, American naval officer and explorer (d. 1881)
- August 23 - Hamilton Disston, American land developer (d. 1896)
- October 15 - Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher (d. 1900)
- October 22 - Louis Riel, Canadian leader (d. 1885)
- October 22 - Sarah Bernhardt, French actress
- October 23 - Robert Bridges, English poet (d. 1930)
- November 2 - Mehmed V, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1918)
- November 23 - Karl Benz, German automotive pioneer
- December 1 - Alexandra of Denmark, queen of Edward VII of England
- December 8 - Émile Reynaud, French science teacher and animation pioneer
- Abd ar-Rahman Khan, Emir of Afghanistan
Deaths
- January 27 - Charles Nodier, French writer
- February 27 - Nicholas Biddle, President of the Second Bank of the United States
- June 27 - Hyrum Smith, American religious leader (b. 1800)
- June 27 - Joseph Smith, Jr., founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement (b. 1805)
- July 27 - John Dalton, English chemist and physicist
- July 29 - Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Austrian composer
- November 14 - Flora Tristan, French feminist
- Amadou Lobbo, Fulani Muslim leader in West Africaaf:1844
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