1834
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| Years: 1831 1832 1833 - 1834 - 1835 1836 1837 | |
| Decades: 1800s 1810s 1820s - 1830s - 1840s 1850s 1860s | |
| Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century | |
1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar).
Events
- January 1 - Abolition of customs charges at borders within Germany.
- January 3 - The government of Mexico imprisons Stephen F. Austin in Mexico City
- March 6 - York, Upper Canada is incorporated as Toronto.
- March 18 - The Tolpuddle Martyrs, six Dorset farm labourers, are sentenced to be transported to a penal colony for forming a trade union
- March 28 - The United States Senate censures President Andrew Jackson for his actions in defunding the Second Bank of the United States
- June 14 - Isaac Fischer, Jr. patents sandpaper
- July 16 - William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne succeeds Earl Grey as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- July 24 - End of the Liberal Wars in Portugal
- August 1 - Slavery abolished in the British Empire
- August 14 - Poor Law Amendment Act states that no able-bodied British man can receive assistance unless he enters a workhouse
- August 15 - South Australia Act allows for the creation of a colony there
- October 16 - Much of the Palace of Westminster is destroyed by fire
- November 11 - The rare 1804 silver dollar coin is struck by the United States Mint
- November 24 - George Sand begins her journal to Alfred de Musset.
- December 10 - Sir Robert Peel succeeds Lord Melbourne as Prime Minister of the U.K.
- Abolition of slavery comes into effect in British Empire
- Failed pro-republic uprising in Piedmont – one of the activists is Giuseppe Garibaldi
- New Poor Law in England
- Last hanging in chains upon a gibbet in England - James Cook for murder
- Spanish Inquisition, which began in the 13th century, was suppressed.
- British East India Company monopoly on China trade ended
- Sixth Kaffir War; severe clashes between white settlers and Bantu peoples in Cape Colony. Dutch speaking settlers colonize area north of Orange River
- The Hansom cab is patented
- Louis Braille perfects his Braille system
- The Exchequer was abolished as a revenue collecting department of the British government.
Births
- January 7 - Johann Philipp Reis, German physicist and inventor (d. 1874)
- February 7 - Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, Russian chemist (d. 1907)
- February 9 - Felix Dahn, German author (d. 1912)
- February 16 - Ernst Haeckel, German zoologist and philosopher (d. 1919)
- March 16 - James Hector, Scottish geologist (d. 1907)
- March 17 - Gottlieb Daimler, German engineer and inventor (d. 1900)
- March 20 - Charles W. Eliot, American President of Harvard University (d. 1926)
- March 23 - Julius Reubke, German composer (d. 1858).
- March 24 - William Morris, English poet and artist (d. 1896)
- March 24 - John Wesley Powell, American explorer (d. 1902)
- April 1 - Big Jim Fisk, American entrepreneur (d. 1872)
- April 2 - Frédéric Bartholdi, French sculptor (d. 1904)
- May 23 - Carl Heinrich Bloch, Danish sculptor (d. 1890)
- June 19 - Charles Spurgeon, English Baptist preacher (d. 1892)
- July 10 - James McNeill Whistler, American painter and etcher (d. 1903)
- July 19 - Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
- August 4 - John Venn, British mathematician (d. 1923)
- August 22 - Samuel Pierpont Langley, American astronomer, physicist, and aeronautics pioneer (d. 1906)
- August 31 - Amilcare Ponchielli, Italian composer (d. 1886)
- October 8 - Walter Kittredge, American composer (d. 1905)
Deaths
- January 17 - Giovanni Aldini, Italian physicist (b. 1762)
- February 2 - Lorenzo Dow, American minister (b. 1777)
- February 12 - Friedrich Schleiermacher, German theologian (b. 1768)
- March 2 - José Cecilo del Valle, first President of Central America (b. 1780)
- April 10 - John 'Merino' MacArthur, Australian farmer (b. 1767)
- April 11 - John 'Mad Jack' Fuller, English philanthropist and patron of the arts and sciences (b. 1757)
- May 20 - Marquis de la Fayette, French nobleman and soldier (b. 1757)
- July 12 - David Douglas, Scottish botanist (b. 1799)
- July 14 - Edmond Charles Genêt, French ambassador to the United States during the French Revolution (b. 1763)
- July 25 - Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English writer (b. 1772)
- August 7 - Joseph Marie Jacquard, French inventor (b. 1752)
- September 2 - Thomas Telford, Scottish engineer (b. 1757)
- September 9 - James Weddell, Antarctic explorer (b. 1787)
- September 16 - William Blackwood, English writer (b. 1776)
- September 24 - Pedro I of Brazil (b. 1798)
- October 8 - François-Adrien Boieldieu, French composer (b. 1775)
- October 11 - William John Napier, 9th Lord Napier, British Navy officer, politician and diplomat (b. 1786)
- December 23 - Thomas Malthus, English economist and political philosopher (b. 1766)
- December 27 - Charles Lamb, English essayist (b. 1775)af:1834
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