1606
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| Years: 1603 1604 1605 - 1606 - 1607 1608 1609 | |
| Decades: 1570s 1580s 1590s - 1600s - 1610s 1620s 1630s | |
| Centuries: 16th century - 17th century - 18th century | |
Events
- January 27 - The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins ending in their execution on January 31
- May 17 - Supporters of Vasili Shusky invade the Kremlin and kill pretender Dmitri
- December 26 - Shakespeare's King Lear performed in court
- Storm buries a village of St Ismail's near modern-day Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, Britain
- The Treaty of Zsitva-Torok ends the Long War between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans in Hungary. The independence of Transylvania is recognized by both sides and Austria's annual tribute to the Ottoman Empire is abolished.
- First Union Flag created.
- The Jesuit Joannis Stribingius visits Latvia, describes Latvian mythology
Births
- February 12 - John Winthrop, the Younger, governor of Connecticut (died 1676)
- March 3 - Edmund Waller, English poet (died 1687)
- May 25 - Saint Charles Garnier, Jesuit missionary (died 1649)
- June 6 - Pierre Corneille, French author (died 1684)
- June 16 - Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall (died 1675)
- June 19 - James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton (died 1649)
- July 15 - Rembrandt, Dutch painter (died 1669)
- September 22 - Li Zicheng, Chinese rebel (died 1645)
- November 12 - Jeanne Mance, French settler in Montreal (died 1673)
- Richard Busby, English clergyman (died 1695)
- Leonard Calvert, governor of Baltimore (died 1647)
- Edmund Castell, English orientalist (died 1685)
- William Davenant, English poet and playwright (died 1668)
- Henry Pierrepont, 1st Marquess of Dorchester (died 1680)
- Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi, Italian architect and painter (died 1680)
- Thomas Harrison, English puritan soldier and Fifth Monarchist (died 1660)
- Thomas Herbert, English traveller and historian (died 1682)
- John Robartes, 1st Earl of Radnor (died 1685)
- Pierre du Ryer, French dramatist (died 1658)
- Joachim von Sandrart, German art-historian and painter (died 1688)
- Tokugawa Tadanaga, Japanese nobleman (died 1633)
- Thomas Washbourne, English clergyman and poet (died 1687)
Deaths
- January 30 - Everard Digby, English Gunpowder Plot conspirator (born 1578)
- January 30 - Robert Wintour, English Gunpowder Plot conspirator (born 1565)
- January 31 - Guy Fawkes, English Gunpowder Plot conspirator (born 1570)
- January 31 - Thomas Wintour, English Gunpowder Plot conspirator (born 1571)
- January 31 - Ambrose Rokewood, English Gunpowder Plot conspirator (born 1578)
- March 23 - Justus Lipsius, Flemish philologian and humanist (born 1547)
- April 3 - Charles Blount, 1st Earl of Devon (born 1563)
- May 3 - Henry Garnet, English Jesuit (born 1555)
- October 5 - Philippe Desportes, French poet (born 1546)
- October 8 - Johan of Nassau, brother of William I of Orange (born 1535)
- November 20 - (burial date) John Lyly, English writer (born 1553)
- François de Bar, French scholar (born 1538)
- False Dmitry I, pretender to the Russian throne
- Leonhard Lechner, German composer and music editor (born 1553)
- Carel van Mander, Dutch painter and poet (born 1548)
- Akaza Naoyasu, Japanese nobleman
- Jean Nicot, French diplomat and scholar (born 1530)
- Nicolaus Taurellus, German philosopher and theologian (born 1547)
- Gaspar de Zuniga y Azevedo, Spanish colonial administrator and viceroy of Mexico (born 1540)af:1606
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