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- Diane de Poitiers (2609 bytes)
1: '''Diane de Poitiers''' ([[September 3]], [[1499]] - [[April ...
3: ...ng Fran篩s I]], she gained the title of Duchesse de Valentinois.
5: ...e noble foreigner [[Catherine de' Medici]], Diane de Poitiers would remain his lifelong true love. The...
7: [[Image:DianedePoitiers.jpg|left|frame|Diane de Poitiers]]
9: ...Paul III]] sent the new Queen Catherine the "[[Golden Rose]]", he did not forget to present the royal ... - Marguerite de Valois (5364 bytes)
1: ...humb|250px|right|style=margin-left:1em|Marguerite de Valois]]
2: '''Marguerite de Valois''' ([[May 14]], [[1553]] – [[May 27]...
4: ...f [[Henry II of France|Henri II]] and [[Catherine de' Medici]]. Three of her brothers became kings of...
6: ...eanne d'Albret died before the marriage was concluded.
8: ... It was reported that during the ceremony, the bride and groom stared straight ahead, never looking at... - Rush Limbaugh (21665 bytes)
2: ...''' (born [[January 12]], [[1951]] in [[Cape Girardeau, Missouri]]) is an [[United States|American]] [...
6: ... a [[judge]] whose wealth and power gave him considerable influence in Southeastern [[Missouri]], had ...
8: ...dropout|dropped out]]. This would have normally made him eligible for the [[draft]], but he was classi...
10: ... claim is now a reality as Limbaugh does use a golden microphone on ''The Rush Limbaugh Show''.)
18: ...tes|Vice President]] [[Dick Cheney]] or even President George W. Bush. - Elizabeth of Russia (14144 bytes)
3: ...s foundation of the [[Imperial Academy of Arts|Academy of Fine Arts]] in [[Saint Petersburg|St. Peters...
7: ...[[Kolomenskoye]], near [[Moscow]], on the 18th of December [[1709]]. As her parents were not married a...
9: ...luency than accuracy. From her earliest years she delighted every one by her extraordinary beauty and ...
11: ...hat on the death of her mother (May 1727) and the departure to [[Holstein]] of her beloved sister Anne...
15: ...banishment to [[Siberia]], minus his tongue, by order of the empress [[Anna of Russia|Anne]], consoled... - Victoria of the United Kingdom (38571 bytes)
7: ...7]], and Empress of India from [[1876]] until her death. Her reign lasted more than sixty-three years ...
12: ...ged from their wives) and father children to provide an heir for the king. At the age of fifty the Duk...
16: ...Regent during the queen's minority. Ignoring precedent, Parliament did not create a council to limit t...
18: ...an prince) and out of a sense of duty (his family desired the match). Whatever Albert's original reaso...
20: ...h II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]]'s descendants a separate family surname, [[Mountbatten... - Elizabeth Woodville (6291 bytes)
2: ... [[Edward IV of England]] from [[1464]] until his death in [[1483]].
6: ... 1st Earl Rivers|Sir Richard Woodville]] (later made first Earl Rivers) and [[Jacquetta of Luxembourg]...
10: ...ers]], began to be favored over him, he changed sides.
16: ...was considered a legally binding contract that rendered any other marriage contract invalid as bigamou...
18: ...[[Princes in the Tower]] is unknown but both were dead in this or the next reign. Elizabeth now lost t... - Marie Antoinette (40871 bytes)
4: ...ur of Saint John the Evangelist. A court official described the new baby as "a small, but completely h...
6: ...f her closest sister, Maria-Carolina (two years older) and brother, Max, (one year younger.) Her other...
7: ...een years before Antoinette's birth. She was considered one of the most brilliant political figures in...
9: ...ld like as a reward, Mozart is said to have responded by saying he would like the hand of the Empress'...
11: ...d off to European royalty. Maria-Christina, the eldest, was married to the Regent of the [[Netherlands... - Mary Robinson (21825 bytes)
3: ...servative political office. She resigned the presidency four months ahead of the end of her term of of...
5: <table border="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em"><tr><t...
6: <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
7: ...ption><font size="+1">'''MARY ROBINSON<br><i>President of Ireland</i>'''</font></caption>
10: <tr><td>'''Term of Office:'''</td><td>[[3 December]] [[1990]] - [[12 September]] [[1997]]</td>... - The Valiant Five (3833 bytes)
6: ...ne Parlby|Irene Marryat Parlby]] (farm women's leader, activist and first woman [[Cabinet minister]] i...
9: ...or working women and founder of the [[Victorian Order of Nurses]]).
11: ...the [[British North America Act]], [[1867]], included the possibility of women becoming [[Senate of Ca...
15: ...'' did not include women. The stated grounds included:
20: ...thin the British Isles, the decision was non-precedental for the British House of Lords. The right of... - George Eliot (6014 bytes)
3: ...'George Eliot''' ([[22 November]] [[1819]] - [[22 December]] [[1880]]), was an [[England|English]] [[n...
5: ...f romances. An additional factor may have been a desire to shield her private life from public scruti...
8: ...[1851]]. The ''Westminster Review'' had been founded by [[John Stuart Mill]] and [[Jeremy Bentham]] a...
10: ... remained married to her in name only, while he made house solely with Evans.
12: Two years after the death of Lewes, on [[May 6]], [[1880]] she married a... - Artemisia Gentileschi (23093 bytes)
1: ...]'' (1612-21) Oil on canvas 199 x 162 cm Galleria degli [[Uffizi]], Florence]]
3: ...ings, at a time when such heroic themes were considered beyond a mere woman's reach.
7: ...more talent than her brothers, who worked along side her. She learned drawing, how to mix color and ho...
9: ...anna and the Elders, Sch?rn Collection, Pommersfelden]]
10: ...]] in [[Pommersfelden]]. The picture shows how, under parental guidance, Artemisia assimilated the rea... - Marina Tsvetaeva (21885 bytes)
5: ... the 1960s. Tsvetaeva's poetry arose from her own deeply convoluted personality, her eccentricity and ...
8: ...lay on Marina's imagination, and to cause her to identify herself with the Polish aristocracy.)
10: ...es and distant from his family. He was also still deeply in love with his first wife; he would never g...
12: ...hool in [[Lausanne]]. Changes in the Tsvetaev residence led to several changes in school, and during t...
14: ...an Voloshin]], whom Tsvetaeva described after his death in 'A Living Word About a Living Man'. Voloshi... - Hanna Reitsch (3751 bytes)
4: ...ds, being the first woman to fly the Alps in a glider, and was rather photogenic. Several of her glidi...
6: ...y, and in 1938 she flew the Fa 61 every night inside the arena of the Berlin Motor Show.
8: ...erver Badge with Diamonds. She survived many accidents and was badly injured several times.
10: ...ying Bomb]], which was fitted with a cockpit in order to be used during gliding tests, dropped from a ...
12: ...for Nazi commanders to join together in mass suicide when it was obvious that the war was over. She al... - Hypatia of Alexandria (10302 bytes)
2: ... Her contributions to science are reputed to include the invention of the [[astrolabe]] and the [[hydr...
4: ...man Empire had embarked on an intense campaign to destroy pagan places of worship.
8: ...e, and dogmatic Christians who demanded the final destruction of paganism on the other. Hypatia herse...
12: ...ll the philosophers of her own time. Having succeeded to the school of Plato and Plotinus, she explain...
14: ...contemporary information about Hypatia's life and death. - Margaret Mead (11387 bytes)
3: '''Margaret Mead''' ([[December 16]], [[1901]] – [[November 15]], [[1...
5: She was born in Philadelphia and raised in nearby [[Doylestown]] by a uni...
7: ... based on research she conducted as a graduate student, but her position as a pioneering anthropologis...
13: ... constitutes courtesy, modesty, good manners, and definite ethical standards is not universal. It is ...
16: ...e of adolescence itself or to the civilisation? Under different conditions does adolescence present a ... - Maria Callas (4931 bytes)
3: '''Maria Callas''' ([[December 2]], [[1923]] –[[September 16]], [[19...
5: .... Together with Serafin, Callas subsequently recorded and performed many bel canto operas, contributin...
7: ...or many roles. Her later [[stereo]] recordings evidence masterly musical interpretations with an incre...
9: ... was a disaster due to Callas's almost-completely destroyed voice.
11: ...cqueline Kennedy]], widow of assassinated US president [[John F. Kennedy]]. - Billie Holiday (6766 bytes)
3: ...'''[[Jazz royalty|Lady Day]]''' is generally considered one of the greatest [[jazz]] [[singer]]s of al...
7: ...ng as a [[prostitute]] with her mother. This preceded her move to [[New York]] with her mother sometim...
9: ...er as a "[[Frank DeViese]]". Some historians consider this an anomaly, probably inserted by a hospital...
16: ...ormance, with pianist (and then-lover) [[Bobby Henderson]], did much to solidify her standing as a jaz...
20: ...songs, her unique tone and emotional commitment made her performances special. - Alanis Morissette (25762 bytes)
6: ...cade later in the songwriting, singing, and attitude of singers such as Aguilera, [[Avril Lavigne]], a...
10: ...an older brother, Chad, and a [[twin]] brother, Wade.
23: With the support of her parents and a relentless desire to succeed, Morissette traveled with Howe to ...
26: :''And your fake identification''
30: :''I'll be dealing with".'' - Bonnie and Clyde (17385 bytes)
2: ...ge:Bonnie_and_Clyde.jpg|thumb|200px|Bonnie and Clyde clowning.]]
3: ... the [[central United States]] during the [[Great Depression]], often with various members of the [[Ba...
5: ...he attention of the [[American]] press and its readership during what is sometimes referred to as the ...
11: ...personal account of their crime spree and looming demise.
13: == Clyde == - Mary, the mother of Jesus (30135 bytes)
8: ... figure of Mary, and the centuries of Marian cult derived from the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Chris...
11: ...t|250px|thumbnail|[[Gabriel (archangel)|Gabriel]] delivering the [[Annunciation]] to Mary. Painting by...
13: ... strangers (Luke 2:6, 7). But as the inn was crowded, Mary had to retire to a place among the cattle.
15: ...rs only one event in the history of Jesus is recorded: his going up to [[Jerusalem]] when twelve years...
17: ... and other women (John 19:26). Mary cradling the dead body of her son is a common motif in art, calle... - Esther (5002 bytes)
2: ...ew Bible]], the queen of [[Ahasuerus]] (commonly identified with [[Xerxes I of Persia|Xerxes I]] or [[...
5: ...name ''Esther'' is most likely related to the [[Medes|Median]] word for myrtle, ''astra'' and the [[Pe...
7: ...ad advised. In addition [[God]]'s workings are hidden in the events of the Book of Esther even though ...
9: ...[Ashtoreth]]. The names may nevertheless be coincidentally related, as the [[Semitic languages|Semitic...
12: ...min|Benjamite]]. She resided with her cousin [[Mordecai]], who held some office in the household of th... - Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (8386 bytes)
2: ...lavatsky''' or '''Madame Blavatsky''' was the founder of [[Theosophy]].
5: ...oth her mother and grandmother were strong role models that allowed her to mature into a nonconformist...
7: ...o have entered [[Tibet]] to study with the [[Ascended Master]]s for two years. She returned to Russia ...
9: ...out of nothing. Though she was apparently quite adept at these feats, her interests were more in the ...
15: ...wledge is consistent with new science may be considered to be the first instance of what is now called... - Hildegard of Bingen (14070 bytes)
1: ...g|right|framed|A medieval illumination showing Hildegard von Bingen and the monk Volmar]]
3: ...|German]] [[abbess]], [[Monasticism|monastic]] leader, [[Mystics|mystic]], author, and composer of [[m...
6: ... up around her. Upon Jutta's death in [[1136]] Hildegard was chosen superior of the community, and eve...
8: ...ling physically ill from carrying the unspoken burden.
11: ... of the meaning of the religious texts, and commanded her to write down everything she would observe i... - Kuan Yin (8111 bytes)
2: ...Buddhism|Buddhist]]s. Commonly known as the '''Goddess of Mercy''', Kuan Yin is also reverenced by [[C...
6: ...reas Avalokitesvara in other countries is usually depicted as a man.
12: ...a beautiful, white-robed woman, a depiction which derives from the earlier ''[[Pandaravasini]]'' form.
16: ...gain. With eleven heads gazing to the front and sides, Avalokiteshvara possesses the unique gift to se...
19: {| border="1" cellpadding="2" width="300" cellpadding="2" ... - Katharine Hepburn (23170 bytes)
2: ...ur. She was nominated for twelve Best Actress Academy Awards, the record for nominations until 2003, ...
5: ...d with giving her a sense of adventure and independence.
7: ...l for figure skating from the [[Madison Square Garden]] skating club, shooting golf in the low eightie...
8: ...and information about her brother's apparent suicide and its great impact on Hepburn -->
10: ...ay her degree was in drama -->, the same year she debuted on [[Broadway]] after landing a bit part in ... - Marilyn Monroe (30186 bytes)
2: ...en presence, stunning good looks and mysterious [[death]] would make her a perennial [[sex symbol]] an...
6: ... of Los Angeles County Hospital. Her grandmother, Della Monroe Grainger, later had her baptized ''Norm...
8: ...Ida claimed that she and Wayne had seriously considered adopting her, which they could not have done w...
10: ...ospital in [[Norwalk, California|Norwalk]], where Della had died; Gladys's father, Otis, died in a men...
12: ...elf, yet also developed a gritty, opportunistic side and a super-human drive. She was very intelligent... - Martina Navratilova (16246 bytes)
3: ...nis]] player. Originally from Czechoslovakia, she defected to the [[United States]] in [[1975]] and be...
11: ...utine to get herself into shape that eventually made extreme levels of fitness and conditioning a hall...
13: ... York City]] and informed them that she wished to defect. Within a month, she received a [[Green Card]...
15: ...She beat Evert in the final again to successfully defend her Wimbledon title in [[1979]].
17: ...tilová won her third Grand Slam singles title by defeating Evert in the final of the Australian Open,... - Orchidaceae (20056 bytes)
14: ...nd their [[symbiosis]] with mycorrhizae, are considered by some to be the culmination of floral [[evol...
16: ...s). He was a student of [[Aristotle]] and is considered the father of [[botany]] and [[ecology]].
18: Orchids, in their natural habitat, are considered by [[CITES]] as threatened or endangered. They...
20: == General description ==
21: ...itan]] in distribution, except [[Antarctica]] and deserts. The great majority are to be found in the [... - Apple (20408 bytes)
9: {{Taxobox_subfamilia_entry | taxon = [[Maloideae]]}}
16: ...the family [[Rosaceae]], and is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. Table apples are of the...
23: ...t affect domestic apples, and research with it to develop new disease-resistant apples is continuing.
25: ...ave been used in some recent breeding programs to develop apples suitable for growing in climates unsu...
27: ... the earliest tree to be cultivated. To a greater degree than other tree fruit, except possibly [[citr... - Hydrangea (4213 bytes)
15: ...h the widely cultivated temperate species are all deciduous.
19: ...[purple]]; in these species the exact color often depending upon the acidity or alkalinity of the soil...
22: ...in the genus ''Hydrangea''. Selected species include:
37: *''[[Hydrangea scandens]]''. Southern Japan south to the [[Philippines]...
42: ...phylla|H. macrophylla]]'' being by far the most widely grown with over 600 named [[cultivar]]s. Some a... - Locomotive (16705 bytes)
3: ...ves because they have payload space or are rarely detached from their trains, are known as power cars.
8: ...ather than in self-propelled vehicles. These include:
13: ...tly motive power assets can be moved around as needed.
17: ...s of providing motive work - the common ones include:
20: ...illustration of a historical train. Pictures provided by by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Cli... - Abdomen (6929 bytes)
2: ...ining in the very front of the abdomen. Some consider the pelvis a separate section, but there is no s...
5: ...[[muscle]] is the outermost muscle covering the side of the abdomen. It is broad, flat, and irregularl...
7: ...y. It lies between the internal oblique and the underlying transversalis fascia. It originates from P...
9: ...bdominus is enclosed in a thick sheath formed, as described above, by fibers from each of the three mu...
15: ... [[venae cavae|inferior vena cava]] are also considered part of the abdomen, but are located in the pa... - Hillary Rodham Clinton (17176 bytes)
2: ...ent]] [[Bill Clinton]]. She is a member of the [[Democratic Party]].
8: ...oining the [[Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29|Democratic Party]] and writing her thesis on radical...
10: ...ld become the future White House Counsel for President Clinton.
12: ...counsel for a brief time before he committed suicide in 1993].
17: In 1980 Bill Clinton was defeated for reelection as governor. In 1982, as pa... - Actinium (7046 bytes)
2: {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right...
5: {| align="center" border="0"
20: | [[Chemical series]] || [[Actinide]]s
25: | [[Density]], [[Mohs hardness scale|Hardness]]
39: | [[van der Waals radius]] || n/a pm - Ear (6659 bytes)
1: ...ge:Ear.jpg|thumb|A left [[human]] ear. Image provided by [https://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip ...
3: An '''ear''' is an organ used by an animal to detect [[sound]]. The term may refer to the entire ...
7: ...ncluding [[human]]s, have two ears, one on each side of the head.
10: ... waves. Many [[mammal]]s can move the pinna in order to focus their hearing in a certain direction, i...
12: ...umb|250px|left| Photography of a baby. Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar... - Eye (21834 bytes)
1: ...ight or dark. More complex eyes are used to provide the [[sense]] of [[visual perception|vision]]. Ma...
9: ...es grow outward from brain cells during embryonic development, while mollusk eyes grow inward from ski...
11: ...ranged hexagonally, and which can give a full 360 degree field of vision. Compound eyes are very sensi...
16: Jumping spiders have simple eyes that are so large, supported b...
18: ...ght|thumb|300px|Eye of a Komodo Dragon.Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A... - Larynx (2361 bytes)
4: ...lage resembles a signet ring (Narrow in back, broader in front). Above the larynx is a supporting bone...
11: ...ed in the larynx, while articulation of the sound derives from the use of [[teeth]], [[tongue]], [[pal... - Pancreas (4781 bytes)
11: ...ncreas and empties into the second part of the duodenum at the [[ampulla of Vater]]. The [[common bil...
13: ...ry]]. Venous drainage is via the [[pancreaticoduodenal veins]] which end up in the [[portal vein]]. ...
16: [[Image:Pancreas.jpg|thumb|250px|The duodenum and pancreas (stomach removed).]]</div>
23: ...in [[bicarbonate ion]]s and are [[alkaline]] in order to neutralize the acidic [[chyme]] that the stom...
24: ...]]s secreted by cells in the [[stomach]] and [[duodenum]], in response to distension and/or food and w... - Mandible (13717 bytes)
6: ... like a horseshoe and has two surfaces and two borders.
9: ...i Inferioris]] (Quadratus labii inferioris) and [[depressor anguli oris]] (Triangularis); the [[platys...
11: '''Figure 1 :''' Mandible. Outer surface. Side view.
12: ... the [[sublingual gland]] rests, and below the hinder part, an oval fossa for the [[submaxillary gland...
14: == Borders == - Vertebral column (7072 bytes)
5: ...es are ''compensatory'' or ''secondary'', and are developed after [[birth]], the former when the [[chi...
7: ... convexity of the curve is directed to the left side.
17: ...nsverse processes stand backward, on a plane considerably behind that of the same processes in the cer...
21: ...he thoracic region. They present, in front, the sides of the bodies of the vertebrae, marked in the th...
25: ...cervical and lumbar regions; and is small and rounded in the thoracic region, where motion is more lim... - Vertebra (3942 bytes)
5: ...ions comprise the remaining 24, and are grouped under the names ''cervical'' (7 vertebrae), ''thoracic...
6: ...egion, or it may be diminished in one region, the deficiency often being supplied by an additional ver...
15: ...he '''intervertebral foramina''', one on either side, for the transmission of the spinal nerves and ve...
22: ''Note: For more detailed information, see [[Cervical vertebrae]]''
24: These are generally small and delicate. Their spinous processes are short (with th... - Parathyroid gland (1913 bytes)
12: Disorders of the parathyroid hormone receptor have been a...
14: ...sa cystica]]. Since hyperparathyroidism was first described in 1925, the symptoms have become known as...
16: A [[Sestamibi scan]] is often used to determine which parathyroids are responsible for ove... - Adrenal gland (7544 bytes)
4: ...OOS2_339A.jpg|thumb|100px|Human Body Clipart provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
11: ...noradrenaline, respectively). Medullary cells are derived from the [[embryo]]nic [[neural crest]] and,...
13: ...le effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine include increased [[heart rate]], [[vasoconstriction|bloo...
20: The cortex can be divided into three distinct layers of [[biological_tissu...
28: Pregnenolone can then be either dehydrogenated to [[progesterone]] or hydroxylated t... - Pineal gland (4403 bytes)
1: ...-brain.jpg|thumb||200px|right|Brain Clip Art provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
11: ..., perivascular phagocyte, pineal neurons and peptidergic neuron-like cells.
13: ...onia, and a little animal matter. <!-- I have no idea what Gray's Anatomy means by "Animal matter" - s...
17: ... by darkness and inhibited by light. Light can be detected by the [[suprachiasmatic nucleus]] (SCN) wh...
19: ...er [[tetrapods]] and the skull orifice sealed. Modern birds and reptiles have been found to express t... - Arm (7276 bytes)
1: ...mmal, specifically the segment between the [[shoulder]] and the [[elbow]]. '''Arm''' may also refer ...
5: ...lder joint allows for movement of the arms in a wide circular plane, while the presence of two forearm...
8: ===The shoulder===
9: ...|400px|Diagram of the muscles in the arm and shoulder]]
11: ... [[sternoclavicular]] joint, while the scapula slides across the posterior chest wall via the "scapulo... - Hair (11457 bytes)
1: [[Image:Hair.jpg|right|thumb|100px|Long braided hair]]
2: ...ilamentous outgrowth of the [[epidermis (skin)|epidermis]] found in [[mammal]]s. It is a characterist...
4: ...her. Because hair is often [[pigment]]ed, it provides coloration. This might serve to [[camouflage]] ...
6: ...ice]] and [[flea]] infestation which caused the order to be given for the routine cutting of hair to a...
15: ...beings often have their [[haircut|hair cut]] or [[depilation|remove it]] by shaving or other means. - Anatomy (6382 bytes)
1: ...[Image:anatomy06-brain.jpg|thumb|250px|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
4: ...y ([[phytonomy]]). Major branches of anatomy include [[comparative anatomy]], [[histology]], and [[hum...
6: Animal anatomy may include the study of the structure of different animals, ...
10: ...he healthy human body, and to this study the term descriptive or topographical human anatomy is given,...
12: ...ient observation, are complete masters of all its details; most of them specialize on certain parts, s... - Chromosome (12667 bytes)
1: ...color="#0000FF">Chromatid</font>. One of the two identical parts of the chromosome after [[S phase]]. ...
2: ...in [[1842]] and their behavior later described in detail by [[Walther Flemming]] in [[1882]]. In [[191...
8: ...nction between plasmids and chromosomes is poorly defined, though size and necessity are generally tak...
17: ... color="#FF0000">'''centromere'''</font>. (4) Condensed chromatin during [[prophase]]. (Two copies of...
19: ...ded by a [[satellite chromosome]] that contains codes for [[ribosome|ribosomal]] [[RNA]]. - Flowering plant (29088 bytes)
12: ...agnoliophyta''') are one of the major groups of modern [[plant]]s, comprising those that produce [[see...
16: ...ce of truly naked ovules in the [[Cycadophyta|Cycadeae]] and [[Pinophyta|Coniferae]], entitling them t...
17: [[Image:IR_8091B.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
18: ...hen gradually came to be accepted as the suitable designation for the whole of the flowering plants ot...
19: ..._012A_carnations.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A... - Renaissance (14795 bytes)
1: ...e [[Modern Age]]. The Renaissance is usually considered to have begun in the [[14th century]] in [[Ita...
5: ... by French historian [[Jules Michelet]], and expanded upon by [[Switzerland|Swiss]] historian [[Jacob ...
10: ...riod is now often replaced by the term "[[Early Modern]]". (See [[periodization|periodisation]], [[Lum...
12: ...e as the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age.
17: ...del Fiore.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The [[Santa Maria del Fiore]] church of [[Florence]], [[Italy]]. Flore... - Scientific revolution (17675 bytes)
1: ...he scientific revolution was the publication of ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium'' by [[Nicolaus ...
3: ...nly were there major theoretical and experimental developments, but even more importantly, the way in ...
7: ...as; some of the rancor and cross-purposes in such debates may arise from lack of recognition of these ...
9: ...tially as it is understood and practiced in the modern world; there is no concern here with "other nar...
15: ... (This and Galen's anatomy, though largely superseded by later work, are none the less important contr... - Ceramics (15941 bytes)
7: ...rthenware and porcelain to decorative tiles and modern sculptures, reflecting both functional and aest...
10: ...cement, leading to more uniform and sophisticated designs.
17: *Hand-Building: This includes pinching, coiling, and slab building. It's one o...
19: ...is popular for making bowls, vases, and other rounded forms.
21: ... making it easier to produce multiple copies of a design. - Glass (26176 bytes)
1: The materials definition of a '''glass''' is a uniform [[amorphous...
3: ...ed the word ''glaes'' to describe [[amber]], recorded by [[Roman Empire|Roman]] historians as ''glaesu...
5: ...glasses in common use as a building, container or decorative material.
9: ...d with very smooth and impervious surfaces. These desirable properties lead to a great many uses of gl...
13: ...ommon glass''' is mostly amorphous [[silicon dioxide]] ([[Silicon|Si]][[Oxygen|O]]<sub>2</sub>), which... - Pre-historic art (9744 bytes)
7: ...]], now suggests that Neanderthal humans may have developed a sophisticated and more complicated artis...
9: ...ron]] and [[manganese]] and indicates that it was decorated by someone and used as a figurine, regardl...
12: ...objects, like the paddles from [[Tybrind Vig]], [[Denmark]], are known as well.
15: ... by impressing the wet clay with braided or unbraided cord and sticks with a growing sophistication. S...
20: ... style are to be classified as art is a matter of definition. - Iconography (7643 bytes)
1: ...00px|''[[Salvator Mundi]]'' is an [[iconography]] depicting [[Christ]] with his right hand raised in [...
2: ...[symbolism|symbolically]] mean more than a simple depiction of the person involved.
4: ...ms of change, the flower of new life, the fire of destruction, etc.). The many heads, eyes, feet, and ...
6: ...[[Old Testament]] scriptures against the material depiction of the immaterial [[God]] is overturned in...
8: ...irement of the iconographer in order to correctly depict the spiritual realm. For the [[Eastern Orthod... - Heraldry (23465 bytes)
1: ...r [[jousting|jousts]] and to describe the various devices they carried or [[paint]]ed on their [[shiel...
3: ...ster. Dexter ("right" in [[Latin]]) is the left side of the shield, and sinister ("left") is the right...
5: ...he shield is immaterial and different artists can depict the same coat of arms on many different shape...
7: ...use bold, vivid colours rather than [[pastel]] shades.
9: ...plete depiction of a coat-of-arms, the crest is a design affixed to the [[helmet]]. Crests can also be... - Blast furnace (4721 bytes)
4: ...clear whether the blast furnace was independently developed there, or whether the technology was trans...
6: ...ource]], and the use of a [[coal]]-derived fuel made blast furnace-based iron smelting significantly l...
15: ...chemically to produce pure iron and [[carbon dioxide]], which leaks out of the furnace at the top.
17: ...into [[calcium oxide]] and additional carbon dioxide:
21: The calcium oxide reacts with various acidic impurities in the iron... - Dye (6033 bytes)
1: A '''dye''' can generally be described as a [[colour]]ed substance that has an [[...
3: [[Archaeology|Archaeological]] evidence shows that, particularly in [[India]] and the ...
9: The first man-made [[organic]] dye, [[mauveine]], was discovered by ...
13: ...e for wool and silk. Usually [[acetic acid]] is added to the dyebath to help the uptake of the dye ont...
15: ...int]], with the addition of either [[sodium chloride]] (NaCl) or [[sodium sulphate]] (Na<sub>2</sub>SO... - Weaving (6924 bytes)
1: ...rn), or it can be woven in decorative or artistic designs, including [[tapestry|tapestries]].
3: ...heir fabrics, regardless of the complexity of the design.
5: ...dye]]d before weaving is called [[ikat]]. Fabric decorated using a wax resist method is called [[bati...
9: .... The weft thread crosses the warp in some over/under sequence. The nature of that sequence gives rise...
11: ...rsely, if the warp is spread out, the weft can slide down and completely cover the warp, giving a ''we... - Marco Polo (6716 bytes)
1: ... January]] [[1324]]) was a [[Venice|Venetian]] trader and [[exploration|explorer]] who, together with ...
5: ...affio'') were prosperous merchants in the East trade. The two merchants set out to [[Asia]] in [[1255]...
7: ...ed prominence in Venice and are historically recorded as Venetians.
13: ... more advanced than similar contemporary European developments.
18: ...nt the few months of his imprisonment dictating a detailed account of his travels in the then-unknown ... - Ponce De Leon (5480 bytes)
2: ...] by appointment of the Spanish Crown. He is regarded as the first [[Europe]]an known to have visited ...
4: ...m and to which the natives had no immunity. Ponce de León, however, became rich while serving as Gove...
6: ...right|thumb|Cacique Agueybana greeting Juan Ponce de León]]
7: ...d been damaged. Not wishing to serve Diego, Ponce de León obtained title to explore the areas north o...
9: ...de los Castellanos'' of [[Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas]]. - Definitions of music (17609 bytes)
1: ...c actually consists of is something that is still debated today.
4: ... by way of the Latin ''musica''. It is ultimately derived from ''mousa'', the Greek word for [[muses|m...
6: ... may be combined with it in song) is relatively modern.
10: ...s. From this concept later resulted the romantic idea of a music of the spheres.
12: ..., all things were connected with each other - a mode of thought that finds its traces today in the [[o... - Map (10223 bytes)
3: ...that space. Usually, a map is a [[2D geometric model|two-dimensional, geometrically accurate represen...
7: ...itten language by several millennia. One of the oldest surviving maps, painted on a wall of the [[Cat...
9: ...y in the works of J.B. Harley, Mark Monmonier and Denis Wood.
11: ... in [[English language|English]] as "[[On Exactitude in Science]]".
13: ... internationally renowned for its comprehensively detailed work). - United Nations (29685 bytes)
1: ...f Palestine|Palestine]], have ''de facto'' independence and/or some international diplomatic recogniti...
3: ...o fulfill these obligations. The General Assembly determines admission upon recommendation of the Secu...
5: ... The name was transferred to the UN as it was founded by the victorious powers in the war as a conditi...
20: ...ebated by governments and private citizens worldwide.
24: ...ong the original signatories had been reserved, added its name later, bringing the total of original s... - Science (19868 bytes)
8: ...ce in terms of [[ontology]]: science attempts to identify what "things" in the world, their causal pow...
10: ...the empiricist tradition, we must be careful to understand that "prediction" refers to the outcome of ...
12: ...used interchangeably. Both have been subjected to devastating criticisms:
14: ...demonstrated the impossibility of a theory-independent observation language, so the very notion of tes...
15: ...steady accumulation of facts, as the empiricist model implies. - Cairo (12536 bytes)
2: ...he world. Cairo is located at 30°2' North, 31°13' East (30.03333, 31.21667). [http://earth-inf...
6: ...ere by troops sent from Cairo. ([[Mongols]], Crusaders & Ottomans are examples)
11: ...20040617.jpg|thumb|left|200px|This Envisat ASAR Wide-Swath radar multicolour composite image is focuse...
14: ...aks into three branches into the low-lying [[Nile Delta]] region.
16: ...ro is dominated by the government buildings and modern architecture, the eastern half is filled with h... - Piccolo heckelphone (2734 bytes)
1: ...[[heckelphone]], the piccolo heckelphone was intended to redress a point of weakness in the romantic o...
3: ... of [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]]'s second [[Brandenburg Concerto]], where it played the high trumpet...
5: ...trument's conicity is quite wide (though not as wide as that of a [[saxophone]]), giving it a characte...
9: ...nstrument museum. Of the rest, some may have been destroyed in the second world war, or may be in the ...
11: ...sis. It is this author's contention that were a modern version produced, it would undoubtedly be a gre... - Musical instrument (3823 bytes)
1: ....jpg|60px|left|]] A '''musical instrument''' is a device that has been constructed or modified with th...
2: ....jpg|thumb|right|175px|Picture of a Psaltery provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
3: The academic study of musical instruments is called ''[[org...
5: Instruments are often divided by the way in which they generate sound:
7: ...of tone production. The group is typically subdivided into [[Brass instruments|Brass]] and [[Woodwind]... - Cornett (5160 bytes)
6: ...he form of a tube, typically about 60 cm. long, made of [[ivory]] or [[wood]] with [[woodwind instrume...
8: ...ical instrument classification]] places it alongside instruments such as the [[trumpet]].
10: ...ompromise--often with the need to go on playing modern brass instruments--may use a much larger mouthp...
14: ...nd [[Giovanni Gabrieli]] wrote much of his resplendent [[Venetian polychoral style|polychoral]] music ...
16: ...ugh to be used in a consort of viols or even recorders. - Ptolemy I of Egypt (7434 bytes)
3: ...er of [[Egypt]] ([[323 BC]] - [[283 BC]]) and founder of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. In [[305 BC]] he t...
7: ...s]] and the young [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]].
9: ...sfully defended the [[Nile]] and Perdiccas was murdered by two of his subordinates. In the long wars ...
11: ...ge:Ptolemy_I_of_Egypt.jpg|thumb|right|Silver coin depicting '''Ptolemy I''' (r. [[305 BC|305]] - [[283...
13: ...her [[Menelaus]] was defeated and captured in the decisive [[Battle of Salamis in Cyprus (306 BC)|Batt... - Sex (2995 bytes)
1: ...'[[male]]'' and ''[[female]]''. The female sex is defined as the one which produces the larger [[gamet...
5: ...ology is quickly complicated by variations in the degree of sexuality. As with animals, there are onl...
8: ...the number of [[chromosomes]] as fertilized eggs, develop into [[Drone (bee)|drones]], i.e., male bees...
10: ...s]], sex may be determined by various other [[sex-determination systems]], including those controlled ... - Ashoka (15187 bytes)
5: ...abharata rulers, to unify such a vast territory under his empire, which in retrospect exceeds the boun...
10: ...anked Queen known as Dharma. Ashoka had several elder siblings and just one younger sibling, Vitthasho...
14: ...omed by the revolting militias and the uprising ended without a fight. (The province revolted once mor...
16: Ashoka's success made his step-brothers more wary of his intentions of ...
18: ...utra]], but instead sent him back to Ujjain and made him the governor of Ujjain. - Middle Kingdom of Egypt (5374 bytes)
5: ...] [[Mentuhotep II]] from [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]] defeated the last king of the [[Tenth dynasty of Egy...
6: ...Ancient_eygpt-1.jpg|thumb|left|170px|Clipart provided by <br> [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom C...
8: ...s a palace coup by Amenemhat that resulted in the death of Mentuhotep IV.
10: ...es lasted throughout the Twelfth dynasty and provided great stability.
14: ...centralized government though) and established trade connections with Nubia and a war seems to be cond... - Egyptian chronology (11665 bytes)
1: ...y]] is a type of [[chronology]] worked on for decades by scholars of [[Egyptology]].
5: ...ist with no satisfactory solution. Scholars consider the creation of an Egyptian chronology a difficu...
7: ...ages/03-Sci-Rev/SCI-REV-Teaching/HIS-SCI-STUDY-GUIDE/0006_egyptianChronolgoy.html]
9: ...plete, also (with relics and artifacts missing or destroyed). Egyptian chronology is in a constant sta...
13: ...phres Era'' may radically modify the prevailing modern Egyptian chronology, so the previous "firm" dat... - Nile (13738 bytes)
12: ... River|Amazon]] still remains the subject of much debate. This is, for the most part, due to two reaso...
24: ...lthough the lake itself has feeder rivers of considerable size from the other [[Great Lakes (Africa)|G...
26: ...Abyad, or the [[White Nile]], from the clay suspended in its waters. From there, the river flows to [...
32: ...[[:Image:Nile River and delta from orbit.jpg|Nile delta]])]]
40: ...he Nile in Sudan, looking north across the Sahara Desert towards Lake Nasser and Egypt. Photograph IS... - George Washington (29551 bytes)
1: {{Infobox President | name=George Washington
3: | image name=Seal_us_presdent.jpg|thumb
5: | order=1st President
8: | preceded=None
9: | succeeded=[[John Adams]] - John Hancock (8787 bytes)
3: ... Independence|United States Declaration of Independence]]]]
5: ...to sign the [[United States Declaration of Independence]]. According to legend, he signed his name lar...
8: ...ended [[Harvard College]] and received a business degree in [[1754]], when he was 17. Upon graduation,...
10: ...ously, the same. With his generosity, he was regarded as a man of integrity and honor.
13: ... [[Massachusetts General Court]], his colonial trade business naturally disposed him to resist the [[S... - Andrew Jackson (23546 bytes)
1: {{Infobox President | name=Andrew Jackson
3: | image name=Seal_us_presdent.jpg
4: | order=7th President
7: | preceded= [[John Quincy Adams]]
8: | succeeded= [[Martin Van Buren]] - Martin Van Buren (21629 bytes)
1: <table border="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em"><tr><t...
2: <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
5: <tr><td>'''Order:'''</td><td>8th President</td></tr>
8: <tr><td>'''Succeeded by:'''</td><td>[[William Henry Harrison]]</td></...
9: <tr><td>'''Date of Birth'''</td><td>[[December 5]], [[1782]]</td></tr> - Abraham Lincoln (48771 bytes)
1: {| border="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em"
4: {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
10: | '''Order:''' || 16th President
15: | '''Predecessor:''' || [[James Buchanan]]
24: | '''Date of death:''' || [[April 15]], [[1865]] - Ulysses S. Grant (23281 bytes)
1: <table border="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em"><tr><t...
2: <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
5: <tr><td>'''Order:'''</td><td>18th President</td></tr>
8: <tr><td>'''Succeeded by:'''</td><td>[[Rutherford B. Hayes]]</td></tr>
11: <tr><td>'''Date of Death:'''</td><td>[[July 23]], [[1885]]</td></tr> - Alexandria (28378 bytes)
3: ...ntry's capital was ended, and it fell into a long decline, which by the late [[Ottoman]] period had se...
5: ...|right|Alexandria's state-of-the-art [[library]], designed by [[Christoph Kapellar]], was inaugurated ...
16: * The modern city from [[1798]] (red).
19: ...in. Alexander's seers, and in particular [[Aristander of Telmessus]], interpreted this as an omen that...
21: ...t the foundation, but are thwarted when Alexander descends in a glass box, and armed with exact knowle... - Mediterranean Sea (9773 bytes)
6: ...an]] is important to understanding the origin and development of [[Western Civilization]].
9: The term ''Mediterranean'' derives from the [[Latin]] ''mediterraneus'', 'inlan...
11: ...eer''. In [[Turkish language|Turkish]], it is ''Akdeniz'', "the white sea".
17: ...whereas the Black Sea is generally not. The man-made [[Suez Canal]] in the south-east connects the Med...
19: [[Tide]]s are very limited in the Mediterreanean as a re... - Age of the Earth (20052 bytes)
1: ...difficult to define. This article describes the modern dating methods used to arrive at the age of the...
4: ...ved in a similar date, and some today continue to defend [[young earth creationism]] (see [http://www....
6: Few people had conceived the idea of a time that stretched far into the past befor...
9: ...of [[Russia]]n science, was one of the first to undertake this exercise, suggesting in the mid-[[18th ...
11: ...h]] naturalist the [[Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon|Comte du Buffon]] tried to obtain a value ... - Plate tectonics (27764 bytes)
1: ...e outermost part of the [[Earth]]'s interior is made up of two layers, the outer [[lithosphere]] and t...
3: ...ay from each other), and transform (two plates slide past one another). [[Earthquake]]s, [[volcano|vol...
5: ...r [[chemistry]], the discovery of the [[genetic code]] for [[genetics]], or [[evolution]] in [[biology...
8: ...the asthenosphere allows the tectonic plates to undergo motion in different directions.
10: ...famous. These boundaries are discussed in further detail below. - Earth (30908 bytes)
4: ...iker's Guide reference in here. It's been done to death. Find a gem with which to improve the article ...
7: ...l planet]]s, and the only planetary body that [[modern science]] confirms as harboring [[life]]. The p...
9: ... a variant puts the cross atop the circle ([[Unicode]]: ⊕ or ♁).
14: ... diameter of approximately 12,742 km. The maximum deviations from this are the highest point on Earth ...
17: ... other [[terrestrial planets]], is chemically divided into an outer [[silicon|siliceous]] solid [[Crus... - Africa (35389 bytes)
8: ...with its capital [[Carthage]], corresponding to modern-day [[Tunisia]].
18: ...ent of the continent, the idea of ''Africa'' expanded with their knowledge.
24: ...rom the main mass of the Earth's surface. It includes within its remarkably regular outline an area, o...
26: ...6,000 km (16,100 miles) and the absence of deep indentations of the shore is shown by the fact that Eu...
33: Africa is home to the [[cradle of Humankind|oldest inhabited territory]] on earth, with the [[huma... - Antarctica (14761 bytes)
4: ...near the Earth's [[North Pole]] on the opposite side of the planet.
8: ...so the continent with the highest average [[altitude]], and the lowest average [[humidity]] of any con...
15: ...he continent, but [[ice]] there can last for extended time periods. Nearly all of Antarctica is cover...
24: ...ea is called [[Western Antarctica]] and the remainder [[Eastern Antarctica]], since they correspond ro...
30: ...ons, particularly those close to the continent, made territorial claims in the [[20th century]]. These... - Europe (23835 bytes)
4: ...ains]] and the [[Caspian Sea]] (for more detailed description see [[Geography of Europe]]).
6: When considered a continent, Europe is the world's second smal...
11: ...and Greece and by [[500 BC]] its meaning was extended to lands to the north.
13: ... west. Likewise, [[Asia]] is also thought to have derived from the Akkadian word ''asu'', which means ...
18: ...es in [[Ireland]] and elsewhere carefully safeguarded and compiled knowledge accumulated previously. T... - United States (58223 bytes)
2: ... level of local autonomy under the [[federation|federal]] system.
12: ...deral level]];<br> [[English language|English]] [[de facto]] |
14: government_type = [[Democratic]] [[Federal republic]] |
15: ...r>[[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] |
16: leader_names = [[Joe Biden]]<br>[[Kamala Harris]] | - Canada (35540 bytes)
1: ...rguments or evidence to the contrary, please provide them on the talk page, and wait until the consens...
3: ...o keep this overview article concise, please consider adding information instead to one of the many "m...
6: ...the second largest in area (after [[Russia]]). Bordering the [[United States]], its territorial claims...
8: ...iamentary system|parliamentary]] [[representative democracy]] and is a [[constitutional monarchy]] wit...
15: ... who is the head of government, have official residences in Ottawa. - United Arab Emirates (10825 bytes)
2: ...ween the British and some Arab [[sheikh]]s. It borders [[Oman]] and [[Saudi Arabia]].<!--
7: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
11: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
15: ...h="165px" | <font size="-1">([[Flag of the UAE|In Detail]])</font>
32: ...on]]'''<br> - Total ([[2001]]) <br> - [[Density]] - Algeria (16548 bytes)
1: ...stern Sahara]], in the west. The name Algeria is derived from the name of the city of Algiers; from t...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
6: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
11: ...gn="center" width="140px" | ([[Flag of Algeria|In Detail]])
25: ...e]]''' || [[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]], <small>''President''</small> - Jordan (20715 bytes)
1: ...the coastlines of the [[Gulf of Aqaba]] and the [[Dead Sea]]. Jordan's main religion is [[Islam]] and ...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
7: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
11: ...ign="center" width="140px" | ([[Flag of Jordan|In Detail]])
12: ...ter" width="140px" | ([[Coat of Arms of Jordan|In Detail]]) - Netherlands (35958 bytes)
1: ...arch]], located in northwestern [[Europe]]. It borders the [[North Sea]] to the north and west, [[Belg...
7: native_name = Nederland |
18: government_type= [[Democracy|Dem.]] [[Constitution|const.]] [[monarchy]] |
19: leader_titles = [[Dutch monarch|Queen]]<br>[[Prime mini...
20: ...he Netherlands|Beatrix]] <br> [[Jan Peter Balkenende]] | - Andorra (11532 bytes)
1: ...; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
5: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
33: ...sp;- Total (2003)<br> - [[Population density|Density]]:
36: | '''[[Independence]]''': || 1278
42: ...03) || [[List of countries by Human Development Index|NA]] – <font color=gray>unranked</font> - Feed (1445 bytes)
3: ...en to or meant for livestock (also called ''"[[fodder]]"'').
6: # A coupling device between an antenna and its transmission line....
11: ...is also an abbreviation for Front End Engineering Design.
12: * In [[metalworking]] feed describes the rate at which a tool advances into the...
13: ''This article contains information from [[Federal Standard 1037C]] and from [[MIL-STD-188]]'' - Turkey (41694 bytes)
14: leader_titles = [[President of Turkey|President]]<br>[[List of Prime Ministers of Turkey|Prime ...
15: leader_names = [[Ahmet Necdet Sezer]]<br>[[Recep Tayyip Erdogan|Recep Tayyip E...
17: ...ents = - Formation of Parliament<br> - Declaration of Republic |
21: area_magnitude = 1 E11 |
28: population_density = 89 | - Madagascar (29377 bytes)
2: ...auritania]] are the only countries not to use a [[decimal currency]].
6: native_name = Republique de Madagascar <br> Repoblikan'i Madagasikara |
17: ... = [[List of Presidents of Madagascar|President]] <br> [[List of Prime Ministers of Madagascar|...
18: leader_names = [[Marc Ravalomanana]] <br> [...
22: area_magnitude = 1 E11 | - Samoa (9435 bytes)
1: The '''Independent State of Samoa''' (conventional long form) or '...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
3: ...big>'''Malo Sa'oloto Tuto'atasi o Samoa<br>Independent State of Samoa'''</big>
6: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
10: ...lign="center" width="140px" | ([[Flag of Samoa|In Detail]]) - Eritrea (12964 bytes)
1: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
5: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
9: ...gn="center" width="130px" | ([[Flag of Eritrea|In Detail]])
10: ...ign="center" width="130px" | ([[COA of Eritrea|In Detail]])
23: | '''[[President of Eritrea|President]]''' - Paraguay (10959 bytes)
1: ...uage|Guarani]] words "parᦱuot;, meaning "this side" and "guay", meaning "river". The expression in G...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
3: |+<big><big>'''Rep?a del Paraguay'''</big></big>
5: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
9: ...ign="center" width="130px"|([[Flag of Paraguay|In Detail]]) - Greece (54754 bytes)
1: ...ld|Western civilization]] and the birthplace of [[democracy]], Greece has a long and rich history duri...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
5: {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:...
11: ...Σ<br>''([[Greek language|Greek]]: Freedom or Death)''
21: | '''[[List of Presidents of Greece|President]]''' || [[Karolos Papoulias|KᲯlos Papo?]] - Iraq (19222 bytes)
1: ...ingdom|British]] forces which drove the former leader [[Saddam Hussein]] and his [[Ba'ath Party]] from...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
6: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="backg...
10: ...align="center" width="140px" | ([[Flag of Iraq|In Detail]]) || align="center" width="140px" | ([[Coat ...
21: | '''[[President of Iraq|President]]''' || [[Jalal Talabani]] - Thailand (14276 bytes)
1: ...hailand''' is a country in [[Southeast Asia]], bordering [[Laos]] and [[Cambodia]] to the east, the [[...
19: leader_titles = [[King]] <br> [[Prime Minister]] |
20: leader_names = [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] <br> [[Thaksin Shinawatra]] |
22: area_magnitude = 1 E11|
30: population_density = 121 | - Saint Kitts and Nevis (6100 bytes)
1: '''The Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis''' is an island na...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
3: |+<big><big>'''Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis'''</big></big>
6: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
10: ...dth="140px" | ([[Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis|In Detail]]) - People's Republic of China (40848 bytes)
1: ...on|privatized]] its economy in the past three decades. Politically, it remains a one-party [[authorit...
4: ...rsial with the ROC considering itself an [[independent state]]. See '''[[China]]''' and [[Political st...
6: ...d China]]" is sometimes used to denote the area under the PRC's rule, usually excluding the two [[Spec...
13: ...[Fujian]]. On [[October 1]], 1949, [[Mao Zedong]] declared the People's Republic of China, establishin...
15: ...s may also doubt statistics or accounts given for death tolls or other damages incurred by Mao's campa... - Lebanon (34225 bytes)
2: ...along the [[Mediterranean Sea]] (on the west), bordered by [[Syria]] on the east and north, and [[Isra...
3: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
7: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
11: ...lign="center" width="140" | ([[Flag of Lebanon|In Detail]])
12: ...nter" width="140" | ([[Coat of Arms of Lebanon|In Detail]]) - Belize (11927 bytes)
1: ...the [[Gulf of Honduras]] to the east. The name is derived from [[Belize City]], the former capital and...
3: ... Honduras''', until [[1973]]. It became an independent nation in [[1981]].
5: ...mber of [[CARICOM]] and its citizens tend to consider themselves a Caribbean, and not Central American...
6: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
10: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" - Germany (46412 bytes)
1: ... is bordered to the north by the [[North Sea]], [[Denmark]], and the [[Baltic Sea]], to the south by [...
3: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
4: |+<big>'''Bundesrepublik Deutschland'''</big>
6: {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:...
7: ...Germany]] || align=center width=130px| [[Image:Bundesadler.png|100px|Germany: Coat of Arms]] - Guinea-Bissau (9517 bytes)
1: ...]], was added to the country's official name in order to prevent confusion between itself and the [[Gu...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
6: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
10: ...nter" width="140px" | ([[Flag of Guinea-Bissau|In Detail]])
14: ...er" colspan=2 | <small>''[[National motto]]: Unidade, Luta, Progresso<br>([[Portuguese language|Portug... - Slovakia (19892 bytes)
1: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
5: {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
9: ...align=center width=140px | ([[Flag of Slovakia|In Detail]])
22: | '''[[President of Slovakia|President]]'''
31: ... Total ([[2004]])<br> - [[Population density|Density]] - Barbados (21887 bytes)
3: ...re also dotted with large sugarcane estates and wide [[pastures]] with many good views to the sea.
5: ...ntry in the world. The island is a major tourist destination.
9: ...]], and [[Mapp's Cave]]. According to accounts by descendants of the aboriginal Arawak tribes on other...
11: ...lly called the island '''Os Barbados''' ("The Bearded Ones"), upon seeing the appearance of the island...
13: ...]] until independence in [[1966]], Barbados was under uninterrupted British control. Nevertheless, Bar... - Belgium (31774 bytes)
1: ...Belgien'') is a country in [[Western Europe]], bordered by the [[Netherlands]], [[Germany]], [[Luxembo...
4: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
5: |+<big>'''Royaume de Belgique'''<br>'''Koninkrijk Belgi맧'<br>'''K?re...
7: {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:...
10: ...enter width=130px | ([[Coat of Arms of Belgium|In Detail]]) - Hungary (18459 bytes)
1: ... [[landlocked]] country in [[Central Europe]], bordered by [[Austria]], [[Slovakia]], [[Ukraine]], [[R...
18: government_type= Democratic [[republic]] |
19: leader_titles = [[President of Hungary|President]]<br><br>[[Prime minister of Hungary|Prime mini...
20: leader_names = (''outgoing'') [[Ferenc M]]<br>(''inc...
22: area_magnitude = 1_E10 | - Argentina (30219 bytes)
14: government_type= Democratic [[Republic]] |
15: leader_titles = [[President of Argentina|President]]|
16: leader_names = [[Néstor Kirchner]] |
18: area_magnitude = 1_E12 |
26: population_density = 14 | - Bangladesh (29715 bytes)
1: ...ing north of the [[Bay of Bengal]], on land it borders [[India]] and [[Myanmar]], and it is a close ne...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
3: ...86;<br>Gano Projātontrī Bānglādesh</big></big>
8: ...age:Bangladesh flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bangladesh]]
9: | [[Image:Bangladesh coa.png]] - East Timor (13677 bytes)
1: ...ituated on the western side of the island, surrounded by [[West Timor]].
3: ...trol of the territory, which achieved full independence on [[May 20]], [[2002]].
12: ...f [[Timor]], while the surrounding islands came under [[Netherlands|Dutch]] control.
14: ...gainst the Japanese. The struggle resulted in the deaths of between 40,000 and 70,000 Timorese. Follow...
16: The process of decolonisation in the then [[Portuguese Timor]] bega... - Qatar (10610 bytes)
1: ...udi Arabia]] to the south and is otherwise surrounded by the [[Persian Gulf]].
4: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
8: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
33: ...otal (July 2003) <br> - [[Population density|Density]]
36: | '''[[Independence]]'''<br> - Recognised - Republic of Ireland (25543 bytes)
1: ...ingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]]. Under the [[Constitution of Ireland|Irish constitution...
20: leader_titles = [[President of Ireland|President]]<br>[[Taoiseach]] |
21: leader_names = [[Mary McAleese]]<br>[[Bertie Ahern]] |
24: area_magnitude = 1 E9|
31: population_density = 57 | - Tuvalu (11893 bytes)
1: ...ackground: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
7: {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
34: | '''[[Independence]]'''<br/>
40: ...]]'''<br/> – Total<br/> – [[Density]]
49: | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling Code]]''' - Sierra Leone (10596 bytes)
1: ...oast of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. The country is bordered by [[Guinea]] in the north and [[Liberia]] in ...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
6: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
10: ...enter" width="140px" | ([[Flag of Sierra Leone|In Detail]])
24: | '''[[List of Presidents of Sierra Leone|President]]''' - Vietnam (18265 bytes)
1: ... Asia]]. Situated in eastern [[Indochina]], it borders [[China]], [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], and the [[So...
6: ...1973]] formally recognized sovereignty for both sides. American troops were withdrawn by [[March 29]]...
8: ...ers Resolution]] prevented the United States from defending South Vietnam. [[Fall of Saigon|Saigon fel...
10: ... fleeing from Vietnam through the rest of the decade, and into the next.
12: ...d [[Pol Pot]] from power and into hiding, thereby decisively stabilizing Cambodia. Only one month late... - Cuba (25106 bytes)
6: ...ted States]] occupied the island until its independence was granted in [[1902]], though limited by the...
10: ...able were expanded to cover all Cubans.After some delay, a [[Constitution]] of Soviet inspiration was ...
12: ...forced to surrender, due to president Kennedy's orders to call off the invasion. The failed attempt to...
14: ...pped the flow of vessels heading south and Cuba ended the exodus.
16: ...rty of Cuba in December of 1975 that "Without the decisive, steady, and generous aid of the Soviet peo... - Finland (29511 bytes)
1:
3: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
6: {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:...
9: ...center width=130px| ([[Coat of Arms of Finland|In Detail]])
22: |'''[[List of Presidents of Finland|President]]''': || [[Tarja Halonen]] - Pakistan (74854 bytes)
7: ... ittihād, nazm<br /> ([[Urdu]]: Faith (self confidence), Unity, Discipline) |
13: government_type = [[Federal republic]] |
14: ..._titles = [[President of Pakistan|President]]<br />[[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minis...
15: leader_names = [[Pervez Musharraf]]<br />[[...
19: area_magnitude = | - Afghanistan (23568 bytes)
1: ...cluded as a part of the [[Middle East]]. It is bordered by [[Iran]] in the west, [[Pakistan]] in the s...
3: ... ''Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan''. Under its new [[Constitution of Afghanistan|constituti...
4: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
8: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
13: ...center" width="140px" | ([[Flag of Afghanistan|In Detail]]) - Rwanda (10946 bytes)
13: government_type = [[republic]]; [[presidential|pres.]] [[multi-party|multy-p.]] syst. |
14: leader_titles = [[President of Rwanda|President]] <br> [[Prime Minister of Rwanda|Prime Ministe...
15: leader_names = [[Paul Kagame]] <br> [[Bernard Makuza]] ...
19: area_magnitude = 1 E10 |
26: population_density = 281 | - Bolivia (30115 bytes)
2: ...[country]] in central [[South America]]. It is bordered by [[Brazil]] on the north and east, [[Paragua...
8: native_name = República de Bolivia |
19: leader_titles = [[President of Bolivia|President]] |
20: leader_names = [[Eduardo Rodr�ez]] (interim) |
24: area_magnitude = 1 E12 | - Portugal (61755 bytes)
1: ... [[Azores Islands|Azores]]and [[Madeira Islands|Madeira and Porto Santo]] (including the [[Savage Isla...
5: ...After the rise of other colonial powers, Portugal declined.
7: ...ocial and economic progress in the subsequent decades, with a clear slow-down in the last few years.
15: ...ver among some other tribes. {{Inote | ''Hist de Portugal - A Forma磯 do Territ'', page 9, "A...
17: ...atin Right]] in [[73|73 AD]].{{Inote | ''Hist de Portugal - A Forma磯 do Territ'', page 135, ... - United Kingdom (37269 bytes)
12: ... Kingdom|None]]; [[English language|English]] ''[[de facto]]'' <sup>4</sup> |
17: leader_titles = [[British monarchy|Queen]]<br>[[Prime M...
18: leader_names = [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|El...
20: area_magnitude = 1 E11 |
28: population_density = 246.5 | - Zambia (24496 bytes)
1: ...ion)|Northern Zambezia]], and then, [[Northern Rhodesia]], the country is named after the [[Zambezi Ri...
15: ... = [[List of Presidents of Zambia|President]] |
16: leader_names = [[Levy Mwanawasa]] |
20: area_magnitude = 1 E11 |
27: population_density = 13 | - Luxembourg (11321 bytes)
1: ...th-west of the continental [[European Union]], bordered by [[France]], [[Germany]] and [[Belgium]].<br...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
5: {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:...
8: | width="130px"| ([[Flag of Luxembourg|In Detail]])
15: ...], [[Luxembourgish language|Luxembourgish]]<br>([[de jure]] since 1984) - Great Sphinx of Giza (7181 bytes)
7: ==Description==
8: ....jpg|thumb|left|220px|The Great Sphinx.Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar...
9: ...]. It is 57 metres (260 feet) long, 6 m (20 ft) wide, and has a height of 20 m (65 ft), making it the ...
11: ...he paws. It was only in [[1817]] that the first modern dig, supervised by [[Giovanni Battista Caviglia...
18: ...cts about it are unknown, such as the real-life model for the face, when exactly it was built, and by ... - Flag of California (3028 bytes)
1: ...ed|The modern Bear Flag of California. Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
5: ...irteen years under [[Mexico|Mexican]] rule as the department of [[Alta California]], whose Spanish-spe...
7: The modern flag is white with a wide [[red]] strip along the bottom. There is a red st...
9: ... is a California [[grizzly bear|grizzly]] or [[golden bear]], a grizzly subspecies that is now [[extin...
11: ... namesake, Sir [[Francis Drake]] (in 1579), and made good American colonial claims on the lands from t... - Flag of Texas (2443 bytes)
1: ...ge:Texas_flag.jpg|thumb|Flag of Texas. Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
2: The '''Flag of Texas''' is defined by law as follows:
4: ... stripe one-third the entire length of the flag wide, and two equal horizontal stripes, the upper stri...
8: ...he 28th state of the [[United States|Union]] on [[December 29]], [[1845]], its national flag became th...
14: ...hat the flag of the United States be given [[precedence]] over the Lone Star flag in the same way as i... - Beekeeping (6363 bytes)
3: A '''beekeeper''' is one who keeps [[bee]]s in order to collect [[honey]] and [[beeswax]] or for the ...
9: ... was particularly well developed in Egypt and was dealt with by the Roman writers [[Virgil]], [[Gaius ...
10: ...n.jpg|left|250px|Bee loaded with pollen.Image provded by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar...
11: ...osmetic]]s, wood polish and for modelling. The modern use of hive products has not changed much.
13: ...rniolan honeybee]]s and [[caucasian bee]]s were added. - Culture of China (15738 bytes)
1: ...a.jpg|thumb|250px|Chinese Tea Ceremony Image provided [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipart]]...
3: ...na's history, and mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for [[Imperial examination...
10: ...bronze casting art work, noted for its clarify of detail. Early Chinese music and poetry was influenc...
12: ...y appreciated arts in court circles, with a great deal of work done on silk until after the invention ...
14: ... Chinese poetry. In this period, the highly regarded greatest Chinese poets, [[Li Po]] and [[Du Fu]] ... - Eli Whitney (3270 bytes)
2: '''Eli Whitney''' ([[December 8]], [[1765]] - [[January 8]], [[1825]]) wa...
14: ...ecome more sustainable at a critical point in its development.
16: ...to understand and reproduce that the concepts and designs were readily duplicated by others. Whitney'...
22: ...order between [[New Haven, Connecticut]] and [[Hamden, Connecticut]], on a road which is now named [[W...
24: ...n consisted of making parts and subassemblies as identical and interchangeable as possible by machiner... - Koala (10686 bytes)
3: Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
12: ...xobox authority | author = [[Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville|Blainville]] | date = 1816}}
18: ...a thickset arboreal [[marsupial]] [[herbivore]] endemic to [[Australia]], and the only representative ...
22: ... the eastern coast of Australia from near [[Adelaide]] to the base of the [[Cape York Peninsula]], and...
26: ... more a more prominently light-coloured ventral side and fluffy white ear tufts. Typical weights are 1... - Ancient Egypt (16131 bytes)
1: ... around [[3300 BC]] until the conquest of [[Alexander the Great]] in [[332 BC]]. Although recent excav...
6: ... [[Mediterranean Sea]] and the [[Red Sea]]; it borders [[Libya]] to the west, [[Sudan]] to the south, ...
7: [[Image:Giza_ph2.jpg|thumb|250px|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar...
8: Ancient Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, known as the [[Upper and Lowe...
14: ...al breadbaskets of the ancient world. There is evidence of ancient Egyptian pharaohs of the [[Twelfth ... - Iron Age (8996 bytes)
1: ... iron from Swedish Iron Age, found at Gotland, Sweden.jpg|thumb|200px|Iron Age Axe found on Gotland]]
3: ...eeminent. The adoption of this new material coincided with other changes in past societies often inclu...
5: ...an Iron Age]] are examples. The Iron Age was preceded by the [[Copper Age]] and later the [[Bronze Age...
7: ...areas is listed below, broadly in chronological order.
13: ... and a [[battle axe]] with an iron blade and gold-decorated bronze haft were both found in the excavat... - Aswan Dam (6375 bytes)
3: ... point: the newer '''Aswan High Dam''', and the older '''Aswan Dam''' or '''Aswan Low Dam'''.
5: ... wiped out, while in a low-water year there was widespread drought and famine.
10: ... high. The initial design was soon found to be inadequate and the height of the dam was raised in two ...
12: When the dam almost overflowed in 1946 it was decided that rather than raise the dam a third time a se...
13: ...avy machinery. The enormous rock and clay dam was designed by the Russian Zuk [[Hydroproject Institute... - Boat (6417 bytes)
73: * In UK English the term "gravy boat" is used to describe a small jug used to dispense meat gravy at ...
77: [[image:badewannenrennen.jpg|thumbnail|190px|right|Bathtub rac...
83: A specialized set of terms is used to designate directions relative to a boat or ship.
85: ...the frame of reference is within the vessel. Outside the vessel, the corresponding terms are ahead and...
87: The '''[[left and right]]''' sides of a ship, relative to a person in the vessel an... - Luxor (8772 bytes)
7: ...touring [[Upper Egypt]], and is a popular holiday destination, both in its own right and as a starting...
11: ...everal of them never came to be true, like the golden obelisk of [[Hatshepsut]], but who says that the...
13: ... a debate in metaphysics. And yet, on the other side of the river, the supreme masters of [[Kemet]] &m...
16: ...of [[Ay]], the high priest of Amun, since he intended to ascend to the throne of Thebes through such a...
18: ...ny more, but rather the whole city was to be considered as an entire mausoleum and therefore venerated... - Isis (20790 bytes)
1: ...age:Ancient_eygpt-1.jpg|thumb||170px|Clipart provided by <br> [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom C...
3: '''Isis''' is a goddess in the [[Egyptian mythology|Egyptian belief]]. ...
5: .... [[mortal]], and she may simply have represented deified, real, [[Queen regnant|queen]]s.
7: ...f many other goddesses. It eventually spread outside [[Egypt]] throughout the [[Middle East]] and [[Eu...
12: ...uption by English speakers. The Ancient Greeks tended to add a terminal 's' at the end of foreign name... - Ra (2793 bytes)
1: ...age:Ancient_eygpt-1.jpg|thumb||170px|Clipart provided by <br> [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom C...
2: ...st deity of the Egyptian [[pantheon]]. Amon-Ra's identity with [[Zeus]] or [[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]] w...
4: ...d into a god of the setting sun, Atum became considered an aspect of Ra. [[Khepri]], the less importan...
8: ...r [[Apep]] (representing darkness), who wished to devour Ra. Temporary failure to protect Ra was said ...
10: ...e symbols of Ra are the [[solar symbols]] of a golden disk or the symbol ⊙ (Circle with a point ... - Horus (19927 bytes)
1: ...age:Ancient_eygpt-1.jpg|thumb||170px|Clipart provided by <br> [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom C...
8: ...ed at [[Nekhen]] (city of the hawk), that became identified as Horus very early on.
10: ...said to be the father of these four ''children'', deifications of the jars, known as the [[Four sons o...
12: ...ragoge]]). The form of Djebauti eventually became depicted as an [[heron]], nethertheless continuing t...
17: ...ther side victorious, until eventually the gods sided with Horus. - Nuit (1845 bytes)
1: ...age:Ancient_eygpt-1.jpg|thumb||170px|Clipart provided by <br> [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom C...
2: ... deity)|Shu]], god of the air, and [[Tefnut]], goddess of moistness. She was one of the [[Ennead]], a...
4: ...us was regarded as an eternal mother, and also goddess of resurrection.
6: ...[sarcophagi]] as a reminder of resurrection. When depicted standing up separately from Geb, she appear... - Elephantine (3346 bytes)
1: ...age:Ancient_eygpt-1.jpg|thumb||170px|Clipart provided by <br> [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom C...
2: ...orth to south, and is about 400 m across at its widest.
3: It is a part of the modern [[Egypt|Egyptian]] city of [[Aswan]].
5: ...de, and, as an island, also provided an excellent defensive site for a city.
6: ...e was the dwelling place of [[Chnum]], the ram-headed god of the cataracts, who controlled the waters ... - Ancient Rome (25155 bytes)
11: ... ford, Rome was at a crossroads of traffic and trade.
13: ...al or semi-mythical kings are (in chronological order): [[Romulus]], [[Numa Pompilius]] (Good King Num...
23: ...rs]], conquering [[Sicily]] and [[Iberia]]. After defeating [[Macedonia]] and the [[Seleucids]] in the...
25: ...and [[Gaius Cassius Longinus|Cassius]], on the [[Ides of March]] [[44 BC]].
27: ...ransformed Rome from a Republic to an Empire. His designated successor, [[Tiberius]], took power witho... - Alabama (10792 bytes)
2: ...jpg|thumb|350px|right| Alabama State Capital provided by classroomclipart.com]]
26: DensityRank = 27th<sup>th</sup> |
27: 2021Density = 33.84 |
28: AdmittanceOrder = 22<sup>nd</sup> |
29: AdmittanceDate = [[December 14]], [[1819]] | - Babe Ruth (55357 bytes)
4: ...the ''[[Roaring Twenties]]'' as the fan base expanded significantly and triggered major expansion of n...
7: ...ed above the saloon they owned and operated on Camden Street. Kate would walk to her father's home eac...
9: ...ry recalled how their father would beat Babe in a desperate attempt to bring the boy into line, but to...
12: ... every play. One day, as his team was getting pounded, Babe started mocking his own pitcher. Brother M...
15: ...ot in such good shape. In 1914 the breakaway [[Federal League]], a rebel major league which would las... - Alaska (24727 bytes)
23: DensityRank = 50<sup>th</sup> |
24: 2000Density = 0.42 |
25: AdmittanceOrder = 49<sup>th</sup> |
28: Latitude = 54?40'N to 71?50'N |
29: Longitude = 130?W to 173?E | - Arizona (24367 bytes)
25: DensityRank = 36th |
26: 2000Density = 17.43 |
27: AdmittanceOrder = 48th |
30: Latitude = 31?20'N to 37?N |
31: Longitude = 109?3'W to 114?50'W | - California (63989 bytes)
8: Nickname = The Golden State |
23: PCDesert = 25 |
28: DensityRank = 12<sup>th</sup> |
29: 2000Density = 83.78 |
30: AdmittanceOrder = 31<sup>st</sup> | - North Carolina (18268 bytes)
22: DensityRank = 17<sup>th</sup> |
23: 2000Density = 63.80 |
24: AdmittanceOrder = 12<sup>th</sup> |
27: Latitude = 34?N to 36?21'N |
28: Longitude = 75?30'W to 84?15'W | - Connecticut (28543 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 4<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 271.40 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 5<sup>th</sup> |
26: Longitude = 71?47'W to 73?44'W |
27: Latitude = 40?58'N to 42?3'N | - Delaware (15006 bytes)
2: Name = Delaware |
3: Fullname = State of Delaware |
4: Flag = Delaware state flag.png |
5: Flaglink = [[Flag of Delaware]] |
6: Seal = Delaware state seal.png | - Florida (24937 bytes)
8: Nickname = Sunshine State, Everglade State |
21: DensityRank = 8<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 114.43 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 27<sup>th</sup> |
26: Latitude = 24?30'N to 31?N | - Georgia (U.S. state) (26579 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 18<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 54.59 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 4<sup>th</sup> |
26: Latitude = 30°31'N to 35°N |
27: Longitude = 81°W to 85°53'W | - Hawaii (34434 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 13<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 42.75 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 50<sup>th</sup> |
26: Longitude = 154?40'W to 162?W |
27: Latitude = 18?55'N to 29?N | - Idaho (13962 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 44<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 6.04 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 43<sup>rd</sup> |
26: Latitude = 42? N to [[49th parallel north|49? ...
27: Longitude = 111? W to 117? W | - Indiana (20194 bytes)
23: DensityRank = 16<sup>th</sup> |
24: 2000Density = 65.46 |
25: AdmittanceOrder = 19<sup>th</sup> |
26: AdmittanceDate = [[December 11]], [[1816]] |
28: Latitude = 37?47'N to 41?46'N | - Iowa (24205 bytes)
9: Capital = [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]] |
11: LargestCity = [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]] |
21: DensityRank = 33<sup>rd</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 20.22 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 29<sup>th</sup> | - Kansas (21369 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 40<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 32.9/mi²; 12.7 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 34<sup>th</sup> |
25: ...re Central except for<br>4 counties on western border.</small> |
26: Latitude = 37?N to 40?N | - Louisiana (26375 bytes)
5: Fullname = State of Louisiana<br>ɴat de Louisiane |
12: ...language|English]] and [[French language|French]] de facto |
24: DensityRank = 22<sup>nd</sup> |
25: 2000Density = 39.61 |
26: AdmittanceOrder = 18<sup>th</sup> | - Maine (17312 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 38<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 15.95 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 23<sup>rd</sup> |
26: Longitude = 66?57'W to 71?7'W |
27: Latitude = 43?4'N to 47?28'N | - Maryland (22654 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 5<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 165 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 7<sup>th</sup> |
26: Latitude = 37°53'N to 39°43'N |
27: Longitude = 75°4'W to 79°33'W | - Missouri (16086 bytes)
10: ...me Law"'', compare with King [[Charles XIII of Sweden]] ([[1809]]) ''"The welfare of the people my hig...
23: DensityRank = 27<sup>th</sup> |
24: 2000Density = 80.27/mi²; 31 |
25: AdmittanceOrder = 24<sup>th</sup> |
28: Latitude = 36?N to 40?35'N | - Wisconsin (18812 bytes)
23: DensityRank = 24<sup>th</sup> |
24: 2000Density = 38.13 |
25: AdmittanceOrder = 30<sup>th</sup> |
28: Latitude = 42°30'N to 47°3'N |
29: Longitude = 86°49'W to 92°54'W | - Washington (20186 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 25<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 34.20 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 42<sup>nd</sup> |
26: Longitude = 116?57' W to 124?48' W |
27: Latitude = 45?32' N to 49? N | - Virginia (23198 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 14<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 69.03 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 10<sup>th</sup> |
26: Latitude = 36°31'N to 39°37'N |
27: Longitude = 75°13'W to 83°37'W | - Vermont (39851 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 30<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 25.41 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 14<sup>th</sup> |
26: Longitude = 71?28'W to 73?26'W |
27: Latitude = 42?44'N to 45?0'43"N | - Utah (29154 bytes)
23: DensityRank = 41<sup>st</sup> |
24: 2000Density = 10.50 |
25: AdmittanceOrder = 45<sup>th</sup> |
28: Longitude = 109?W to 114?W |
29: Latitude = 37?N to 42?N | - Texas (39610 bytes)
13: ...ge|English]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] are de facto. |
21: DensityRank = 28th |
22: 2000Density = 30.75 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 28th |
24: AdmittanceDate = [[December 29]], [[1845]] | - Tennessee (19096 bytes)
12: Governor = [[Phil Bredesen]] |
21: DensityRank = 19<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 53.29 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 16<sup>th</sup> |
26: Latitude = 35°N to 36°41'N | - South Dakota (14035 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 46<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 3.84 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 40<sup>th</sup> |
26: Latitude = 42?29'30"N to 45?56'N |
27: Longitude = 98?28'33"W to 104?3'W | - South Carolina (11968 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 21<sup>st</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 51.45 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 8<sup>th</sup> |
26: Latitude = 32°4'30"N to 35°12'N |
27: Longitude = 78°0'30"W to 83°20'W | - Rhode Island (15004 bytes)
2: Name = Rhode Island |
3: ...lname = The State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations |
4: Flag = Rhode Island state flag.png |
5: Flaglink = [[Flag of Rhode Island]] |
6: Seal = Rhode Island state seal.png | - Pennsylvania (32594 bytes)
10: ...rgestCity = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]] |
11: Governor = [[Ed Rendell]] |
21: DensityRank = 10<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 105.80 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 2<sup>nd</sup> | - Oregon (26551 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 39<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 13.76 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 33<sup>rd</sup> |
26: Latitude = 42°N to 46°15'N |
27: Longitude = 116°45'W to 124°30'W | - Oklahoma (32092 bytes)
23: DensityRank = 35<sup>th</sup> |
24: 2000Density = 19.4 |
25: AdmittanceOrder = 46<sup>th</sup> |
28: Latitude = 33?35'N to 37?N |
29: Longitude = 94?29'W to 103?W | - West Virginia (24258 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 29<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 29.0 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 35<sup>th</sup> |
26: Latitude = 37°10'N to 40°40'N |
27: Longitude = 77°40'W to 82°40'W | - Minnesota (26682 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 21<sup>st</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 23.86 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 32<sup>nd</sup> |
26: Latitude = 43?34'N to 49?23'50.26"N |
27: Longitude = 89?34'W to 97?12'W | - Montana (14119 bytes)
8: Tree = [[Ponderosa Pine]] |
23: DensityRank = 48<sup>th</sup> |
24: 2000Density = 2.39 |
25: AdmittanceOrder = 41<sup>st</sup> |
28: Latitude = 44?26' N to [[49th parallel north|49?&nb... - New Hampshire (23166 bytes)
21: DensityRank = 20<sup>th</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 53.20 |
23: AdmittanceOrder = 9<sup>th</sup> |
26: Longitude = 70?37'W to 72?37'W |
27: Latitude = 42?40'N to 45?18'N | - New Jersey (35646 bytes)
8: Nickname = The Garden State |
11: Governor = [[Richard Codey]] (acting)|
13: OfficialLang = ''None defined'' |
21: DensityRank = 1<sup>st</sup> |
22: 2000Density = 438 | - New Mexico (31079 bytes)
22: DensityRank = 45<sup>th</sup> |
23: 2000Density = 5.79 |
24: AdmittanceOrder = 47<sup>th</sup> |
27: Longitude = 103?W to 109?W |
28: Latitude = 31?20'N to 37?N | - Alexander the Great (42049 bytes)
2: ...erTheGreat_Bust.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bust]] of Alexander III in the [[British Museum]].]]
4: ... as the [[Middle-Persian]] literature as '''Alexander the Cursed''' due to his burning of the Persian ...
6: ...ady during his lifetime, and especially after his death, his exploits inspired a literary tradition in...
9: ...[Aristotle]] was Alexander's tutor; he gave Alexander a thorough training in rhetoric and literature a...
11: ...racles]] through [[Caranus]] and his mother descended from [[Aeacus]] through [[Neoptolemus]] and [[Ac... - Anaxagoras (6622 bytes)
4: ...ch he surrendered, from a fear that they would hinder his search after knowledge.
5: ...ere is no reason for the theory that he studied under [[Hermotimus]] of Clazomenae, the ancient miracl...
9: ...to love and admire him and the poet [[Euripides]] derived from him an enthusiasm for science and human...
14: ...s led him to form new theories of the universal order, and brought him into collision with the popular...
15: ...meteor]]s, [[rainbow]]s and the [[sun]], which he described as a mass of blazing metal, larger than th... - Ptolemy VIII of Egypt (5881 bytes)
1: ...n [[170 BC]], when [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] invaded Egypt and installed the young Euergetes as king.
3: ...9]]), Euergetes agreed to a joint rule with his older brother [[Ptolemy VI of Egypt|Ptolemy VI Philome...
5: ...tempt, and despite the opposition of [[Cato the Elder]], received the Senate's support and some resour...
9: ...e throne as "Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II", the name deliberately recalling his ancestor [[Ptolemy III of...
11: ... engaging in mass purges and expulsions that included [[Aristarchus]] and [[Apollodorus]], leaving Ale... - Ptolemy XIII of Egypt (3087 bytes)
1: ...y and Pothinus attempted to depose Cleopatra in order for the first to become sole ruler and the secon...
3: ... did arrive he was presented with the head of his deceased rival and former ally but reportedly instea...
5: ...ions occurred in middle December of [[48 BC]] inside [[Alexandria]] itself which suffered serious dama...
7: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" border="2"
9: | width="30%" align="center" | Preceded by:<br>'''[[Ptolemy XII of Egypt|Ptolemy XII]]''... - Dinosaur (35313 bytes)
2: ...> [[United States Department of the Interior|U.S. Department of the Interior]]}}
9: ...ion_subdivision | color = pink | plural_taxon = Orders}}
17: ...rd_flying.jpg |thumb|300px|left|Tenontosaurus and deinonych]]
18: ...he [[media]]. The term is also used informally to describe any prehistoric reptile, like the [[pelycos...
20: ...ww.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/avians.html]. The widespread application of [[cladistics]], which rigoro... - French and Indian War (5652 bytes)
1: ...'' is the [[United States|American]] name for the decisive nine-year conflict ([[1754]]-[[1763]]) in [...
5: ...ne|French Canadians]] refer to it as the ''Guerre de la conqu괥'' (War of the Conquest), since it is ...
13: ... defeated a French garrison led by [[Louis-Joseph de Montcalm]] and then captured New France's capital...
17: ..., preferring to keep the Caribbean island of [[Guadeloupe]] because of its rich [[sugar]] crops and th...
19: ...ionary War]]. The British colonists no longer needed British protection from the French and resented ... - Seven Years' War (11256 bytes)
1: ...against [[France]], [[Austria]], [[Russia]], [[Sweden]], and [[Saxony]]. [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]] we...
3: ... sided with France although some did fight alongside the British. The name "Seven Years' War" is used ...
8: ...gned the peace [[Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle]] in order to rebuild her [[Army|military forces]] and to f...
12: ...elfare of the soldiers had gained her their undivided respect.
18: ...ions of the [[coalition]] opposing him, Frederick determined to strike first. On [[August 29]], his we... - Roaring Twenties (28131 bytes)
1: ...onomic boom|boom]] and accelerated [[consumer]] [[demand]] and aspirations, coupled with significant c...
3: ...the second half of this decade was termed "The Golden Twenties". In France and Canada they were also c...
5: ...s were cultivated in [[jazz]] and [[dancing]], in defiance of the horrors of the First World War, whic...
8: ... [[1920]]s were setting the stage for the [[Great Depression]] that would dominate the [[1930]]s.
10: ===Demobilization=== - History of the United States (21226 bytes)
5: ''For details, see the main [[Pre-Colonial America]] artic...
10: ''For details, see the main [[Colonial America]] article.'...
12: ... which was distinct from that of its European founders.
15: ''For details, see the main [[History of the United States...
17: ...ring this period the United States won its independence from the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] during t... - Arrow (1419 bytes)
1: ...hot with a [[bow (weapon)|bow]]. It predates recorded history and is common to most cultures.
4: ...inally made from [[feather]]s but are now often made of [[plastic]].
6: ...row, ''fl裨e''. To fletch an arrow means to provide it with its vanes.
8: ...rget, its shaft will bend and flex from side to side, almost like a fish swimming through water. - Chemistry (12553 bytes)
3: ...thumb|200px|Chemistry Flask Clipart .Clipart provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
9: Chemistry typically is divided into several major sub-disciplines. There are al...
11: ...the [[analysis]] of material samples to gain an understanding of their [[chemical composition]] and [[...
19: ...physical chemists. Important areas of study include [[chemical thermodynamics]], [[chemical kinetics]...
28: ...for naming [[chemical compound]]s. There are well-defined systems in place for naming chemical species... - Desert (21206 bytes)
1: ...humb|right|Valley of the Kings, Egypt. Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
2: ...mb|right|Man and Camel, Desert, Egypt. Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
4: ... of the world's deserts, http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/deserts/what/world.html)
6: ...nd-driven) processes are major factors in shaping desert landscapes.
8: ...ed by erosion. Because deserts are dry, they are ideal places for human artifacts and fossils to be pr... - Space (10661 bytes)
3: '''Space''' has a range of definitions.
8: ...physics]] does not treat space and time as independent dimensions, but treats both as features of [[sp...
12: ...us concepts used to try to define space have included:
14: * The structure defined by the set of spatial relationships between ...
15: * A [[manifold]] defined by a [[coordinate system]] where an object ... - Solar system (21174 bytes)
5: The wide variety of objects that exist in the Solar System...
20: [[Image:Portrait de famille (1 px = 1000 km).jpg|thumb|center|550px|T...
23: ...s, mainly Earth, as well as probes heading into [[deep space]].
25: **[[Space debris]] of artificial origin that can be found in o...
27: ...nt part of non-volatile minerals. They are subdivided into [[asteroid group]]s and [[:Category:Asteroi... - Sun (20830 bytes)
2: ...="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" align="right" width=280px
13: ! align="left" | [[Apparent magnitude|Visual brightness]] (''V'')
16: ! align="left" | [[Absolute magnitude]]
48: ! align="left" | Density
76: | 7.25[[degree (angle)|?]] <br>(to the [[ecliptic]]) <br>67.... - Asteroid (24334 bytes)
1: ...nd of the asteroid across the gouge on its underside and toward the opposite end. Features as small as...
3: == Definition ==
4: ...p://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1840AN.....17...81E&db_key=AST&high=41e14...
6: The exact definition of an asteroid is unsettled. The term "mi...
8: ...[boulder]]-sized or smaller. The distinction is made because asteroids are large enough to survive pas... - Weather (2398 bytes)
1: ...along the coast in Northern California Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
6: On Earth, the regular events include wind, thunderstorms, rain, sleet, hail, and snow, which occur ...
11: ...ont]] | [[jet stream]] | [[windchill]] | [[heat index]] | [[Equivalent potential temperature|Theta-e]]...
13: ...rm]]''': [[Thunderstorm]] | [[lightning]] | [[thunder]] | [[hail]] | [[tornado]] | [[convection]] | [[...
33: ==Video Clips== - Time zone (34024 bytes)
2: ... [[Meridian (geography)|meridian]]s of a [[longitude]] that is a multiple of 15? thus making neighbori...
6: ...'s atomically measured time as distinct from time determined by astronomical observation as formerly c...
8: ...00 UTC on the last Sunday in March. For the remainder of the year local time is UTC + 1—known in...
13: *[[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]]: UTC + 1 (e.g. if it is 12:00 UTC, then it is ...
18: ...ment for time zones results in a time the other side of midnight from UTC, then the date at the locati... - Geometry (3634 bytes)
1: ...per cent. The [[Rhind Mathematical Papyrus]] also describes one of the earliest attempts at [[squaring...
3: ... but can be used in conjunction with mathematical definitions for [[point (geometry)|points]], [[line_...
5: ...truct new geometries other than the standard Euclidean version.
7: ...in geometry is that of ''congruence''. In [[Euclidean geometry]], two figures are said to be [[congru...
9: ...s)|group]] of transformations to work with (Euclidean geometry uses the inhomogeneous orthogonal tran... - Art (11479 bytes)
3: ...st range of forms, styles, and cultures. Art includes a variety of media, such as painting, sculpture,...
5: ...ny discussions and debates. '''Art''', in its broadest meaning, is the expression of creativity or ima...
9: ==Historical Development and Styles==
11: ...return to classical ideals and proportions. The modern era introduced movements such as Impressionism,...
15: ...us mediums and techniques. Painting, one of the oldest forms, uses pigments on surfaces like canvas or... - Frost (2825 bytes)
2: ...Image:GrassCoatedInFrost.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Blades of [[grass]] coated in frost.]]
4: ...air are chilled below the deposition point (see [[dew point|frost point]]), then [[spicule]]s of [[ice...
6: ...ir, otherwise water would first [[condensation|condense]] in small [[droplet]]s and then freeze into c...
8: Because cold air is more dense that warm air, and forms close to the ground, ...
10: ...on -- where the temperature at ground level is colder, and reaches the [[frost point]]. - Clitoris (369 bytes)
1: [[Image:Fem isa 2.gif|thumb|350px|{{{demo}}}|A woman's clitoris extends from the visible ... - Cave (10592 bytes)
2: [[image:Lavacaveexit.jpg|thumb|300px|The outside world viewed from a cave]]
3: ...aylight; however, in popular usage, the term includes smaller spaces like cliff cavities, rock shelter...
11: ...ols down and becomes hard. The lava now flows inside its crust, until the eruption ends.
12: The liquid lava inside the crust flows out and leaves a hollow tube.
13: ...[Kazumura Cave]] near [[Hilo]] is the longest and deepest lava tube of the world and also the eighth l... - Meteorology (19082 bytes)
12: ...d in [[1667]] by [[Robert Hooke]], while [[Horace de Saussure]] completed this list of the most import...
14: ... was also the first American to keep accurate and detailed records of weather conditions on a daily ba...
16: ...s was understood. Early in the 20th century this deflecting force was named after [[Gaspard-Gustave C...
18: ...lowed exchange of weather information with unprecedented speed.
20: ... [[front (meteorology)|front]]s, that is, sharply defined boundaries between air masses. - Mercury (planet) (22924 bytes)
1: ...anges from −0.4 to 5.5 in [[apparent magnitude]]; Mercury is sufficiently "close" to the Sun tha...
3: ...not realized it could alternately appear on one side of the Sun and then the other. It was called [[He...
12: ...aded [[Impact crater|crater]]s, where it has been deposited by [[comet]] impacts and/or gases arising ...
16: ...idal bulge]]s, raised by the [[Sun]] (the Sun's tides on Mercury are about 17% stronger than the Moon'...
28: ...of Earth compresses the planet and creates a high density. Mercury has only 5.5% of Earth's mass. The ... - String instrument (8163 bytes)
4: ...g|thumb|The string bass is often plucked or bowed depending on the genre and piece.]]
5: In order for a string instrument to produce sound, its st...
7: ...ed, either by a finger or thumb, or by some other device such as a [[plectrum]]. Instruments like the...
10: ...ment, since sound production through struck blows defines this instrument family; the proclamation tha...
16: ...n. Other string instruments with a keyboard include the [[clavichord]] (where the strings are struck ... - List of musical instruments (9508 bytes)
1: [[Image:Music instru.jpg|thumb|250px|Photo provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar...
2: A '''musical instrument''' is a device that has been constructed or modified with th...
4: The academic study of musical instruments is called ''[[org...
6: Instruments are often divided by the way in which they generate sound:
7: ...age:Music_instru3.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar... - Flag (13245 bytes)
1: [[Image:Delaware_flag.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Delaware State Flag]]
3: ... is a flag if it is flown like a flag, with one side attached, though many flags are recognisable if d...
9: ... thousands of years, the origin of flags in the modern sense is a matter of dispute. Some believe flag...
11: ...]], and in [[China]] they were the [[general]]s under the imperial army.
13: ...ter a legal requirement) for ships to carry flags designating their nationalities; these flags eventua... - National flag (3434 bytes)
6: ... [[stern]] of the ship, or from a [[gaff]] when underway. Both these positions are superior to any oth...
9: ...gh these two do in fact use slightly different shades of blue as a distinction. Furthermore, it is als...
13: ...example, national flags should never be flown upside down (where this is possible) except as a [[distr...
32: *[[Flag desecration]] - Dynasties in Chinese history (8665 bytes)
7: ...hey had been defeated. In addition, China was divided for long periods of its history, with different ...
9: ...ifferent name), while the last Ming dynasty pretender was not disposed of until [[1662]]. The change o...
11: For more details on the dynasties listed here and their emper...
15: <table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" align="cente...
57: ''traditionally divided into''<br> - Crusade (28507 bytes)
1: {{Crusade}}
2: ...hars]] of southern France and the [[Northern Crusades]].
4: ...age of the term "crusade"|Usage of the term "crusade"]].
7: ...h the relative stabilization of local European borders after the Christianization of the [[Vikings]], ...
9: ... the Islamic [[Moors]]. In [[1063]], [[Pope Alexander II]] had given papal blessing to Spanish [[Chris... - Ming Dynasty (65624 bytes)
2: ...ain]] industry) reaching unprecedented heights. Under Ming rule, a vast [[navy]] and [[army]] was buil...
6: ...ful of the various [[Han Chinese]] groups and Zhu declared the foundation of the Ming Dynasty in [[136...
8: ...zu]] of the [[Han Dynasty]]; [[Mao Zedong]] and [[Deng Xiaoping]] are the two other peasant revolution...
10: ... since the Mongols were still a threat. As an aside, the name Hongwu means "Vast Military" and reflec...
12: ...hina|Yongle Emperor]], independent peasant landholders predominated in Chinese agriculture. - Trajans Column (10003 bytes)
1: ... numerous [[victory column]]s, both ancient and modern.
3: ... the shaft, a spiral staircase of 185 stairs provides access to a viewing platform at the top. The cap...
5: ...elf, which disappeared in the [[Middle Ages]]. On December 4 1587, the top was crowned by [[Pope Sixtu...
11: ...Victory]] writing on a shield flanked on either side by Trophies. Otherwise, the scenes on the frieze ...
13: ...ta]] or catapult for example. The emperor Trajan, depicted realistically (not superhuman), makes 59 ap... - American football (39287 bytes)
1: :''For details of the origins and development of American football, see the [[history ...
3: ...d usually has a large set of stitches along one side.]]
7: Outside of the United States and Canada, the sport is ref...
13: ...an [[United States Air Force Academy|Air Force Academy]] player tries to thwart his progress.]]
15: ...jpg|thumb|250px|American football is a physically demanding sport.]] - Byzantine Empire (29975 bytes)
1: ...ackground: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
13: ...it into Eastern and Western halves, following the death of Theodosius I.
27: ...nquer the Levant and Egypt. In the following decades, they take most of North Africa, and later conqu...
29: ...of the Empire's remaining Italian territories, aside from some territories in the south.
35: | The Emperor Romanus IV is defeated by the [[Seljuk Turks]] at the [[Battle of ... - Medieval music (31843 bytes)
2: ...s4.jpg|thumb|200px|Medieval Musicians. Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar...
9: ...implicity of chant, with unison voice and natural declamation, is most common.
11: ...multiple texts and instrumental accompaniment has developed by the end of the era.
14: ...musical notation|notation]] was a relatively late development, reconstruction of this music, especiall...
17: ...ic of the 13th century uses the rhythmic modes as defined by Garlandia. - Medieval literature (14207 bytes)
2: ... touching all points in-between. Because of the wide range of time and place it is difficult to speak ...
5: ...tern Roman Empire]] and the [[Orthodox Church]] made [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Old Church Slavoni...
7: ...ve survived in the [[Breton lai|lais]] of [[Marie de France]], the ''[[Mabinogion]]'' and the [[King A...
10: ...sical]] writers and the [[Church Fathers]] and tended to re-tell and embellish stories they had heard ...
20: ...so frequently written, as an encouragement to the devout and a warning to others. - Medieval fortification (8517 bytes)
1: ...aspect of [[Medieval technology]] that covers the development of [[fortification]] construction and us...
5: ...hpost), is a [[fort]], a [[camp]] and the logical development of a [[Fortification|fortified enclosure...
9: ...ure of the walls of a medieval town or city would depend on the resources available for building them,...
11: ...e wall. The word is a [[medieval]] and later one, derived from the classical [[Latin]] ''post murum'',...
13: ...he end of the [[sixteenth century]], the word had developed further in common use, into ''pomery''. - Castle (27805 bytes)
1: ...)|earthworks]] (e.g. [[Hollingbury]] Castle, [[Maiden Castle]]).
2: ...houses from the late 15th century, their "castle" designations, relics of the [[feudalism|feudal]] age...
5: ...pg|thumb|right|200px|The Prague Castle Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
7: ...stle found along the coast of Ireland. Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
8: ...ensive weapon, but also as a home. Castles were made by their owners for specific purposes, or evolved... - Aviation history (39698 bytes)
3: ...[The Bible]]. Nevertheless, it exemplifies man's desire to fly.
5: ...rping the planes' wings ([[Wright brothers]]). Modern planes are controlled by [[computer]]s, which c...
15: ... also sketched designs for a helicopter, but this design would not have flown.
17: ... for powered flight until the [[gasoline]] engine designed by the Wright Brothers.
19: ...d understanding of the relationship between altitude and the atmosphere. - Geologic time scale (26014 bytes)
1: ... on Stratigraphy]], and uses the standard color codes of the [[United States Geologic Survey]].
3: ...tinction event|extinction event]] that marked the demise of the [[dinosaur]]s and of many marine [[spe...
7: ... there are far more recognized faunal stages than defined geologic time units.
9: ...phy to reconcile this conflicting terminology and define universal horizons that can be used around th...
13: ...eroded, distorted, tilted, or even inverted after deposition; 2) Strata laid down at the same time in ... - Tree (23723 bytes)
3: ...ennial]], woody [[plant]]. Though there is no set definition regarding minimum size, the term generall...
8: ...nkiaer.jpg|250px|right|thumb|An [[oak]] tree in [[Denmark]]]]
9: ...iology)|families]] of plants. Trees thus show a wide variety of growth form, leaf type and shape, bark...
13: ...lled a '''[[forest]]'''. Several [[biotope]]s are defined largely by the trees that inhabit them; exam...
16: ...]] consists of ''xylem'' cells, and [[bark]] is made of ''phloem'' and other tissues external to the v... - List of inventors (14020 bytes)
11: *[[Archimedes]], (circa 287 BC-212 BC), [[Greece]]
12: *[[Manfred von Ardenne]], (1907-1997), [[Germany]]
14: ...s]],(1927 - June, 1996)of the [[Canada|Canadian]] Department of Agriculture — instant mashed po...
19: *[[Robert Baden Powell]]- scouting movement
22: ... U.S. solar inventor and developer; architectural designer. - Geography of the United States (15104 bytes)
4: <tr><td colspan=2 align=center><table border=1 width="190px">
15: Latitude:<br>
16: Longitude:
19: 38°0' N<br>
20: 97°0'W - Human (48024 bytes)
8: {{Taxobox_superfamilia_entry | taxon = [[Hominoidea]]}}
21: ...rimate]] belonging to the superfamily of [[Hominoidea]], with all of the [[apes]]: [[chimpanzee]]s, [[...
24: ...he upper limbs for manipulating objects, a highly developed [[brain]] and consequent capacity for abst...
27: ...ly [[philosophy of mind]], attempts to fathom the depths of each of these perspectives. [[Art]], [[mus...
30: ...and [[manipulate]] the world around us led to the development of [[technology]] and [[science]] as a s... - Civilization (29205 bytes)
5: ...r working small [[horticulture|horticultural]] gardens. When used in this sense, civilization is an ex...
7: ...lex and city-dwelling, or simple and tribal. This definition is often perceived as less exclusive and ...
9: ...y back in Civilization after being lost in the wilderness for 3 weeks." Additionally, it is used in th...
11: ...zed" behavior is contrasted with "barbaric" or crude behavior. In this sense, civilization implies sop...
17: ... to produce a surplus of food that will not be needed for their own subsistence. - Food (24212 bytes)
7: ==Legal definition==
9: ...ocessed, partially processed or unprocessed, intended to be, or reasonably expected to be ingested by ...
14: Links to official legal definitions of food:
15: ...fda.gov/opacom/laws/fdcact/fdcact1.htm US federal definition of food]
16: ...uk/acts/acts1990/Ukpga_19900016_en_2.htm#mdiv1 UK definition of food] - Algae (8082 bytes)
2: ... group, but a level of organization that may have developed several times in the early evolutionary hi...
4: ...ups may contain members that are [[mixotrophic]], deriving energy both from photosynthesis as well as ...
6: ...ll algae have photosynthetic machinery ultimately derived from the [[cyanobacteria]], and so produce [...
8: ...se for most marine [[food chain]]s. In very high densities (so-called [[algal bloom]]s) they may disc...
12: ... some recent treatises on algae specifically exclude them. Cyanobacteria is one of the first groups o... - Carnivorous plant (44834 bytes)
1: ...e ]]A '''carnivorous plant''' is a [[plant]] that derives some or most of its
16: *Bladder traps, which suck in prey with a bladder that generates an internal vacuum; and
22: most [[sundew]]s, whose leaves undergo rapid growth, aiding in the retention and
27: Pitfall traps have evolved independently on at least four occasions. The simplest pitf...
29: ...enus, the leaves are quite clearly evolutionarily derived from a simple - Cell (biology) (28190 bytes)
3: The [[cell theory]], first developed in the [[19th century]], states that all [...
15: ...nergy stored in organic molecules. This energy is derived from [[metabolic pathway]]s.
21: ...mes (''dark blue''). The drawing on the ''right'' demonstrates how bacterial DNA is housed in a struct...
23: ...ms) that function and survive more or less independently, through ''colonial'' forms with cells living...
34: ...these primary components of the cell then briefly describe their function. - Galileo Galilei (33761 bytes)
2: ... [[Johannes Kepler]]. The work of Galileo is considered to be a significant break from that of [[Arist...
7: ...610]]. During this time he explored science and made many landmark discoveries.
10: ...ion. These are the primary justifications for his description as "father of science."
12: ...00s]]. According to Koyr鬠the law was arrived at deductively, and the experiments were merely illustr...
14: ... rolling balls) were replicated using the methods described by Galileo (Settle, 1961), and the precisi... - Isaac Newton (23339 bytes)
2: ...fried Leibniz|Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]] for the development of differential [[calculus]]. While they...
4: ...a prism was inherent in the white light and not added by the prism as [[Roger Bacon]] had claimed in t...
6: ...ped a [[Newton's law of cooling|law of cooling]], describing the rate of cooling of objects when expos...
12: ...ief biography of Newton's early life. For more in-depth information, see [[Isaac Newton's early life a...
14: ... said that his body at that time can even fit inside a quart mug. His father had died three months bef... - American Civil War (47733 bytes)
1: {| border="1" width="300" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" ...
6: [[Military history of the Confederate States]]
14: |Result||Defeat of seceding CSA
19: {| border="1" width="300" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
27: | width="50%" valign="top"|[[Confederate States of America]]<br />[[Image:starsnbars.p... - World War I (62979 bytes)
2: ...had roots of power back to the days of the [[Crusade]]s, all fell during or after the war.
4: The causes of World War I were complex developments by themselves (see [[#Diplomatic and po...
6: ...s the last direct major conflict of the war. The defeat of [[Germany]] in the war and failure to reso...
8: ...n diplomatic ineptitude as well as a tremendous tide of nationalism that swept the European continent ...
10: ... on the home front due to food shortages, [[genocide]], and ground combat. - Great Depression (16069 bytes)
1: ... global [[economics|economic]] [[recession]] (or "depression") that ran from [[1929]] to [[1941]]. It...
4: ...sion" was that it is by far the largest sustained decline in industrial production and productivity fr...
5: ... to the cultural period, often called simply "The Depression", and to the political response to the ec...
7: ...b|[[Dorothea Lange]]'s ''Migrant Mother'' depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on [[...
9: ==Causes of the Great Depression== - World War II (58065 bytes)
4: ...er of debate. On which date the war began is also debated, cited as either the German [[Polish Septemb...
6: ...il [[Japanese Instrument of Surrender|Japan surrendered]] on [[15 August]] [[1945]] ([[V-J Day]]).
8: ...Strategic bombing|bombing of civilians]] to a new degree. [[Atomic weapon]]s, [[jet aircraft]], and [[...
10: ...d States' military occupation of Japan led to its democratization, and China came to split into the Co...
16: ...ed in the war, more or less voluntarily, on the side of the power that in their neighbourhood was the ... - Vietnam War (102682 bytes)
1: {| border="1" width="325" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" ...
10: ...outh Vietnam<br>• Reunification of Vietnam under communist rule<br>
15: ...n="top" style="text-align:center"|[[North Vietnam|Democratic Republic of Vietnam<br>(North Vietnam)]]<...
24: ...IA]]:''' ?<br>'''Total dead:''' 287,232<br>'''Wounded:''' 1,496,037
25: ...fficial Vietnamese estimate: 1,100,000 <br>'''Wounded:''' 600,000 - History of the United States (1918-1945) (54688 bytes)
7: ... use of the [[tractor]], so fewer farmers were needed to produce a greater harvest of food.
9: [[President of the United States|US President]] [[Woodrow Wilson]] campaigned for the U.S. to...
14: In the [[U.S. presidential election, 1920]] the [[United States Republi...
16: ...flected by the extension of credit to a dangerous degree, including in the [[Stock Market]], which ros...
18: ...idely reviled as unmusical noise by much of the older generation). [[Dancing]] was a popular recreatio... - History of the United States (1945-1964) (29139 bytes)
8: ... horrendous casualties, as high as twenty million dead.
11: ...e Minster [[Winston Churchill]] (left), U.S. President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] (center), and Soviet ...
13: ...des that they could stay there and that neither side would use force to push the other out. This tacit...
15: ...e to vie for the allegiance of the developing and developed world in the postwar years.
17: ...f-interest. [[World War II]] resulted in enormous destruction of infrastructure and populations throug... - History of the United States (1964-1980) (21973 bytes)
3: ... the political mood of the country. The new president, [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], capitalized on this sit...
5: ...dash;and led the nation in the number of black leaders elected. In [[1969]], [[Tennessee]] had a 92.1%...
11: ... 1964]], Lyndon Johnson positioned himself as a moderate, contrasting himself to his GOP opponent, [[B...
13: ...nous electoral trends for Democrats, who had depended on the "solid South" as an electoralt base for a...
15: ...30 years, until the issue of [[civil rights]] divided conservative southern whites from the rest of th... - History of the United States (1980-1988) (35211 bytes)
2: ==Changing demographics and the growth of the Sun Belt==
4: ...xpense of industry and manufacturing, facilitated demographic shifts to the "frontiers" from the more ...
6: ...lifornia]] has reemerged as a bright spot for the Democratic Party in the late [[1990s]], due to a bac...
8: ...nding demand for social services, while tax bases declined. [[New York City]] barely averted bankruptc...
10: ...the GOP captured the U.S. House after 40 years of Democratic control.
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