USS Massachusetts (BB-59)

The USS Massachusetts off the coast of Washington
Career	Missing image USN-Jack.png United States Navy Jack
Laid down:	20 July 1939
Launched:	23 September 1941
Commissioned:	12 May 1942
Decommissioned:	27 March 1947
Fate:	memorial
General Characteristics
Displacement:	35,000 tons
Length:	680.8 feet
Beam:	108.2 feet
Draft:	29.3 feet
Speed:	27 knots
Complement:	115 officers, 1678 men
Armament:	nine 16-inch guns, 20 five-inch guns, 24 40mm cannon, 35 20mm cannon

USS Massachusetts (BB-59), a South Dakota-class battleship, was the seventh ship of the United States Navy to be named in honor of the sixth state. Her keel was laid down 20 July 1939 by Bethlehem Steel Company of Quincy, Massachusetts. She was launched on 23 September 1941 sponsored by Mrs. Charles Francis Adams, and commissioned on 12 May 1942 at Boston, Massachusetts, with Captain Francis E.M. Whiting in command.

After shakedown, Massachusetts departed Casco Bay, Maine. 24 October 1942 and four days later made rendezvous with the Western Naval Task Force for the invasion of north Africa, serving as Flagship for Admiral H. Kent Hewitt. While steaming off Casablanca on 8 November, she came under fire from French battleship Jean Bart's 15-inch guns. She returned fire at 0740, firing the first 16-inch shells fired by the U.S. against the European Axis Powers. Within a few minutes she silenced Jean Bart's main battery, then she turned her guns on French destroyers which had joined the attack, sinking two of them. She also shelled shore batteries and blew up an ammunition dump. After a cease-fire had been arranged with the French, she headed for the United States on 12 November, and prepared for Pacific duty.

Massachusetts arrived at Noumea, New Caledonia, on 4 March 1943. For the next months she operated in the South Pacific, protecting convoy lanes and supporting operations in the Solomon Islands. Between 19 November and 21 November, she sailed with an aircraft carrier group striking Makin, Tarawa, and Abemama in the Gilbert Islands; on 8 December she shelled Japanese positions on Nauru; and on 29 January 1944 she guarded carriers striking Tarawa in the Gilberts.

The Navy now drove steadily across the Pacific. On 30 January Massachusetts bombarded Kwajalein, and she covered the landings there 1 February. With a carrier group she struck: against the Japanese stronghold at Truk on 17 February. That raid not only inflicted heavy damage on Japanese aircraft and naval forces, but also proved to be a stunning blow to enemy morale. On 21 February and 22 February, Massachusetts helped fight off a heavy air attack on her task group while it made raids on Saipan, Tinian, and Guam. She took part in the attack on the Caroline Islands in late March and participated in the invasion at Hollandia on 22 April which landed 60,000 troops on the island. Retiring from Hollandia, her task force staged another attack on Truk.

Massachusetts shelled Ponape Island on 1 May, her last mission before sailing to Puget Sound to overhaul and reline her gun barrels, now well-worn. On 1 August she left Pearl Harbor to resume operations in the Pacific war zone. She departed the Marshall Islands on 6 October, sailing to support the landings in Leyte Gulf. In an effort to block Japanese air attacks in the Leyte conflict, she participated in a fleet strike against Okinawa on 10 October. Between 12 October and 14 October, she protected forces hitting Formosa. While part of TG 38.3 she took part in the Battle for Leyte Gulf from 22 October to 27 October, during which planes from her group sank four Japanese carriers off Cape Engano.

Stopping briefly at Ulithi, Massachusetts returned to the Philippines as part of a task force which struck Manila on 14 December while supporting the invasion of Mindoro, Massachusetts sailed into a howling typhoon on 17 December, with winds estimated at 120 knots. Three destroyers sank at the height of the typhoon's fury. Between 30 December and 23 January 1945, she sailed as part of TF 38, which struck Formosa and supported the landing at Lingayen. During that time she turned into the South China Sea, her task force destroying shipping from Saigon to Hong Kong, concluding operations with air strikes on Formosa and Okinawa.

From 10 February to 3 March, with the Fifth Fleet, Massachusetts guarded carriers during raids on Honshu. Her group also struck Iwo Jima by air for the invasion of that island. On 17 March, the carriers launched strikes against Kyushu while Massachusetts fired in repelling enemy attacks, splashing several planes. Seven days later she bombarded Okinawa. She spent most of April fighting off air attacks, while engaged In the operations at Okinawa, returning to the area in June, when she passed through the eye of a typhoon with 100-knot winds 5 June. She bombarded Minami Daito Jima in the Ryukyu Islands on 10 June.

Massachusetts sailed 1 July from Leyte Gulf to join the Third Fleet's final offensive against Japan. After guarding carriers launching strikes against Tokyo, she shelled Kamaishi, Honshu, 14 July, thus hitting Japan's second largest iron and steel center. Two weeks later she bombarded the industrial complex at Hamamatsu, returning to blast Kamaishi 9 August. It was here that Massachusetts fired what was probably the last 16-inch shell fired in combat in World War II.

Victory won, the fighting battleship sailed for Puget Sound and overhaul 1 September. She left there 28 January 1946 for operations off the California coast, until leaving San Francisco, California, for Hampton Roads, arriving 22 April. She decommissioned 27 March 1947 to enter the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Norfolk, Virginia, and was struck from the Naval Register on 1 June 1962.

"Big Mamie," as she was affectionately known, was saved from the scrap pile when she was transferred to the Massachusetts Memorial Committee 8 June 1965. She was enshrined at Fall River, Massachusetts, on 14 August 1965, as the Bay State's memorial to those who gave their lives in World War II.

In the 1980s, when the Reagan administration, as part of its "600-ship Navy" plan, recommissioned all four of the Iowa class battleships, the U.S. Navy recovered large amounts of specialized equipment and spare parts that were still in storage aboard the Massachusetts. In 1998 she was towed to historic dry dock number 3 in Boston harbor for an overhaul, and returned to Fall River the next year.

Massachusetts received 11 battle stars for World War II service.

See USS Massachusetts for other ships of the same name.

External links

• Battleship Cove museum site (http://www.battleshipcove.org)
• Historic Naval Ships Association (http://www.hnsa.org/)
• Photography from Google Maps (http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=41.706365,-71.163372&spn=0.006577,0.009291&t=k&hl=en)

South Dakota-class battleship

South Dakota | Indiana | Massachusetts | Alabama

List of battleships of the United States Navy

ms:USS Massachusetts (BB-59) ja:マサチューセッツ (戦艦) pl:USS Massachusetts