List of historic fires
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This is a list of historic fires. Before the 20th century, fires were a major hazard to urban areas and the cause of massive amounts of damage to cities. It does not include historic wildfires or forest fires. See forest fire for a list of some of the most severe recorded forest fires.
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Building or structure fires
- 356 BC - Temple of Artemis at Ephesus burned by arson
- c. 50 BC - Library of Alexandria burned accidentally during siege
- 272 - Library of Alexandria burned by order of Roman emperor Lucius Domitius Aurelian
- 391 - Library of Alexandria burned by order of Roman emperor Theodosius I
- 640 - Library of Alexandria burned by order of Caliph Umar I (This fire is generally felt by historians to be an apocraphyl story from the Middle Ages created as a Christian attack on Muslims.
- 1613 - Globe Theatre burns due to mishap
- 1697 - The medieval "Tre Kronor" Royal Castle in Stockholm burned down and was eventually replaced by the present palace.
- 1814 - The President's House in Washington, DC, today known as the White House, burned by the British
- 1823 - Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, Rome, Italy
- 1895 - The Rotunda, University of Virginia, in Charlottesville, Virginia
- 1903 - Chicago's Iroquois Theater, at least 600 died
- 1911 - Triangle Factory fire, New York City
- 1916 - Centre Block of the Parliament of Canada in Ottawa, Ontario
- 1933 - Reichstag fire in Berlin, Germany caused by arson
- 1937 - Hindenburg disaster near Lakehurst, New Jersey
- 1942 - Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston, Massachusetts
- 1944 - Hartford Circus Fire in Hartford, Connecticut
- 1967 - Apollo 1 burned during ground tests at Cape Canaveral
- 1973 - 1973 National Archives Fire in St. Louis, Missouri
- 1974 - Joelma Fire kills 188 in São Paulo.
- 1977 - Beverly Hills Supper Club fire kills 165 in Southgate, Kentucky.
- 1984 - Summit tunnel fire in West Yorkshire, England
- 1987 - Kings Cross fire in London, England
- 1988 - Piper Alpha disaster, North Sea
- 1990 - Happyland Fire Arsonist in New York City kills 87
- 1993 - Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, about 80 killed
- 1996 - Teatro La Fenice in Venice, Italy
- 1998 - October 29, Macedonian Association Discotheque in Gothenburg, killing 63
- 2001 - Volendam, fire in a bar/discoteque; killing 14, injuring 180 (many with lasting scars)
- 2003 - Daegu subway fire in Daegu, South Korea
- 2003 - The Station nightclub fire in West Warwick, Rhode Island
- 2004 - Asunción, Paraguay supermarket fire kills at least 464
- 2004 - República Cromagnon nightclub fire in Buenos Aires, Argentina kills at least 175, injures 714.
City or area fires
- 64 - Great fire of Rome
- 1204 - Constantinople burned three times during the Fourth Crusade
- 1666 - Great Fire of London
- 1702 - Uppsala, Sweden, with large parts of the city devastated and the cathedral and Uppsala Castle severely damaged.
- 1734 - Montreal, New France
- 1776 - New York City
- 1805 - Detroit
- 1812 - Moscow, to deny shelter to Napoleon
- 1813 - Portsmouth, New Hampshire
- 1813 - Toronto, Ontario burned during the War of 1812
- 1821 - Paramaribo, Suriname, over 400 houses destroyed
- 1835 - Great Fire of New York
- 1864 - Atlanta burned after time given for evacuation of citizens by order of William Tecumseh Sherman
- 1865 - Columbia, South Carolina burned while being occupied by troops commanded by William Tecumseh Sherman
- 1865 - Richmond, Virginia burned by retreating Confederates.
- 1871 - Great Chicago Fire
- 1871 - Peshtigo Fire - Peshtigo, Wisconsin destroyed in a firestorm
- 1872 - Boston, Massachusetts
- 1883 - Ponce, Puerto Rico
- 1889 - Great Seattle Fire
- 1892 - St. John's, Newfoundland
- 1901 - Jacksonville, Florida
- 1904 - Great Baltimore Fire
- 1904 - Great Toronto Fire
- 1904 - Ålesund Fire
- 1906 - San Francisco earthquake and fire
- 1917 - The Halifax Explosion, largest man-made explosion before the atomic bomb
- 1923 - Tokyo, Japan following the Great Kanto earthquake
- 1933 - Tillamook Burn
- 1941 - Santander, Spain
- 1945 - Bombing of Dresden in World War II
- 1945 - Bombing of Tokyo in World War II
- 1945 - Atomic bombing of Hiroshima in World War II
- 1945 - Atomic bombing of Nagasaki in World War II
- 1947 - Texas City Disaster, two ships explode, igniting chemical works, 460 - 600 killed
- 1961 - Bukit Ho Swee Fire, flames erupt in a squatter settlement in Singapore, making 16,000 homeless
- 1991 - Kuwaiti oil fires following the Persian Gulf War
- 1991 - Oakland Hills firestorm kills 25 and destroys 3469 homes and apartments
- 1998 - 1998 U.S. embassy bombings
- 2001 - September 11 Terrorist Attacks
- 2002 - Edinburgh Cowgate fire
- 2002 - Rodeo-Chediski fire
- 2003 - Patrice Lumumba People's Friendship University, Moscow
Ship fires
See also: List of ship and ferry disasters
- 1840 - Steamship Lexington in Long Island Sound — 139 deaths
- 1904 - Steamship General Slocum in New York City — 1,021 deaths
- 1934 - SS Morro Castle off Asbury Park, New Jersey — 137 deaths
- 1941 - SS Normandie in New York City
- 1949 - SS Noronic in Toronto, Canada — 118 to 139 deaths
- 1963 - Lakonia near Madeira — 128 deaths
- 1965 - SS Yarmouth Castle near Nassau, Bahamas — 90 deaths
- 1972 - RMS Queen Elizabeth in Hong Kong
- 1987 - Doña Paz in the Philippines — an estimated 4,000 deaths
- 1990 - M/S Scandinavian Star off Norway — 159 deaths
- 1994 - Achille Lauro near Somalia
Other fires
- 1962 - Centralia, Pennsylvania mine fire begins
- 2002 - Al Ayatt train disaster, Egyptpl:Wielkie pożary