April 3
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April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining.
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Events
- 33 - Crucifixion of Jesus (traditional date)
- 1559 - The treaty, Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis, is signed, ending the Italian Wars.
- 1860 - The first successful Pony Express run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California is started (completed on April 13).
- 1865 - American Civil War: Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the break-away Confederate States of America.
- 1882 - American Old West outlaw Jesse James is shot in the back and killed in Saint Joseph, Missouri by Robert Ford for a $5,000 reward.
- 1885 - Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for his engine design.
- 1895 - The libel trial instigated by Oscar Wilde against the Marquess of Queensbury begins, eventually resulting in Wilde's arrest, trial and imprisonment on charges of homosexuality.
- 1896 - first publication of La Gazzetta dello Sport newspaper in Italy.
- 1922 - Joseph Stalin succeeds Vladimir Lenin as leader of the Soviet Union.
- 1936 - Richard Bruno Hauptmann is executed for the kidnapping and death of Charles Augustus Lindbergh III, the baby son of Anne and world-famous pilot Charles Lindbergh.
- 1941 - Hungarian and German troops march into Yugoslavia.
- 1942 - World War II: Japanese forces begin an all-out assault on the United States and Filipino troops on the Bataan Peninsula. Bataan fell on April 9 and the Bataan Death March began.
- 1946 - Japanese Lt. General Masaharu Homma is executed outside Manila in the Philippines for leading the Bataan Death March.
- 1948 - President Harry Truman signs the Marshall Plan which authorizes $5 billion in aid for 16 countries.
- 1953 - TV Guide debuts.
- 1955 - The American Civil Liberties Union announces it will defend Allen Ginsberg's book Howl against obscenity charges.
- 1968 - Elvis Presley sings Heartbreak Hotel on the Milton Berle Show with an estimated 25% of the United States population viewing.
- 1968 - Simon and Garfunkel release the critically acclaimed album Bookends.
- 1968 - Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "mountaintop" speech.
- 1969 - Vietnam War: Vietnamization - U.S. Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird announces that the United States will start to "Vietnamize" the war effort.
- 1971 - In Dublin, Ireland, Séverine wins the sixteenth Eurovision Song Contest for Monaco singing "Un banc, un arbre, une rue" (A bench, a tree, a street).
- 1973 - The first ever Mobile phone call is placed by Martin Cooper, in New York City
- 1974 - The Super Outbreak occurred. 148 tornadoes affected 13 states and 1 Canadian province in 18 hours. It was the biggest tornado outbreak in the planet's recorded history. 315 people die, nearly 5,500 are injured.
- 1975 - Bobby Fischer refuses to play in a chess match against Anatoly Karpov, giving Karpov the title.
- 1976 - In The Hague, Netherlands, Brotherhood of Man wins the twenty-first Eurovision Song Contest for the United Kingdom singing "Save Your Kisses For Me".
- 1986 - IBM unveils the PC Convertible, their first laptop computer.
- 1996 - Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski is arrested at his Montana cabin.
- 1996 - An Air Force air transport carrying United States Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown crashes in Croatia, killing all 35 on-board.
- 1997 - Thalit massacre begins in Algeria; all but 1 of the 53 inhabitants of Thalit are killed by guerrillas.
- 2000 - United States v. Microsoft: Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust laws by keeping "an oppressive thumb" on its competitors.
- 2004 - Islamist terrorists involved in the 11 March 2004 Madrid attacks are trapped by the police in their apartment and kill themselves with explosives.
- 2005 - First OXBL Event in Canada played in London, Ontario, with over 100 participants.
Births
- 1245 - King Philip III of France (d. 1285)
- 1593 - George Herbert, English poet and orator (d. 1633)
- 1693 - George Edwards, naturalist (d. 1773)
- 1769 - Christian Gunther von Bernstorff, Danish and Prussian statesman and diplomat (d. 1835)
- 1783 - Washington Irving, American author (d. 1859)
- 1814 - Lorenzo Snow, 5th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1901)
- 1822 - Edward Everett Hale, American writer, (d. 1909)
- 1823 - William Marcy Tweed, American political boss (d. 1878)
- 1881 - Alcide De Gasperi, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1954)
- 1885 - Allan Dwan, Canadian-born American film director (d. 1981)
- 1893 - Leslie Howard, actor (d. 1943)
- 1895 - Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Italian composer (d. 1968)
- 1898 - George Jessel, comedian (d. 1981)
- 1898 - Henry Luce, American publisher (d. 1967)
- 1903 - Peter Huchel, lyricist and author of radio plays (d. 1981)
- 1904 - Iron Eyes Cody, actor (d. 1999)
- 1913 - Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d. 2005)
- 1916 - Herb Caen, newspaper columnist (d. 1997)
- 1921 - Jan Sterling, American actress (d. 2004)
- 1924 - Marlon Brando, actor (d. 2004)
- 1924 - Doris Day, actress
- 1925 - Tony Benn, British politician
- 1926 - Gus Grissom, astronaut (d. 1967)
- 1928 - Don Gibson, American country musician (d. 2003)
- 1929 - Miyoshi Umeki, Japanese actress
- 1930 - Lawton Chiles, U.S. Senator from Florida and Governor of Florida
- 1930 - Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany
- 1934 - Jane Goodall, zoologist
- 1936 - Jimmy McGriff, jazz musician
- 1941 - Eric Braeden, actor
- 1941 - Philippe Wynne, musician (d. 1984)
- 1941 - Jan Berry, American musician (Jan and Dean) (d. 2004)
- 1942 - Marsha Mason, actress
- 1942 - Wayne Newton, singer
- 1942 - Billy Joe Royal, American singer
- 1943 - Jonathan Lynn, British actor and comedy writer
- 1943 - Richard Manuel, Canadian musician and songwriter (d. 1986)
- 1944 - Tony Orlando, musician
- 1948 - Carlos Salinas, President of Mexico
- 1949 - Richard Thompson, musician, songwriter
- 1949 - Lyle Alzado, American football player
- 1956 - Ray Combs, game show host and comedian (d. 1996)
- 1958 - Alec Baldwin, actor
- 1959 - David Hyde Pierce, actor
- 1961 - Eddie Murphy, actor and comedian
- 1962 - Mike Ness, musician (Social Distortion)
- 1964 - Bjarne Riis, cyclist
- 1968 - Sebastian Bach, musician (Skid Row)
- 1968 - Charlotte Coleman, British actress (d. 2001)
- 1972 - Jennie Garth, American actress
- 1975 - Michael Olowokandi, basketball player
- 1979 - Simon Black, Australian Rules footballer
- 1986 - Amanda Bynes, actress and show host
Deaths
- 963 - William III, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 915)
- 1287 - Pope Honorius IV (b. c. 1210)
- 1682 - Bartolomé Estéban Murillo, Spanish painter (b. 1618)
- 1680 - Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire (b. 1630)
- 1868 - Franz Berwald, composer (b. 1796)
- 1882 - Jesse James, American outlaw (b. 1847)
- 1897 - Johannes Brahms, German composer (b. 1833)
- 1901 - Richard D'Oyly Carte, British impresario (b. 1844)
- 1932 - Wilhelm Ostwald, chemist (b. 1853)
- 1936 - Bruno Hauptmann, killer of Charles Lindbergh Jr. (b. 1899)
- 1950 - Kurt Weill, German composer (b. 1900)
- 1971 - Joseph Valachi, gangster (b. 1904)
- 1972 - Ferde Grofé, American composer (b. 1882)
- 1982 - Warren Oates, American character actor (b. 1928)
- 1986 - Richard Manuel, musician (The Band)
- 1986 - Peter Pears, English tenor (b. 1910)
- 1987 - Tom Sestak, American football player (b. 1936)
- 1990 - Sarah Vaughn, jazz singer (b. 1924)
- 1991 - Graham Greene, writer (b. 1904)
- 1991 - Charles Goren, bridge player, writer, and columnist (b. 1901)
- 1993 - Pinky Lee, children's television host (b. 1907)
- 1996 - Ron Brown, U.S. Secretary of Commerce (b. 1941)
- 1996 - Carl Stokes, Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio (b. 1927)
- 1998 - Rob Pilatus, entertainer (Milli Vanilli)
- 2000 - Terence McKenna, American writer and philosopher
- 2005 - Tony Croatto (b. 1940)
Holidays and observances
External links
- BBC: On This Day (http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/3)
- Today in History: April 3 (http://www.tnl.net/when/4/3)
April 2 - April 4 - March 3 - May 3 -- listing of all days
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