1285
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For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century.
| Years: 1282 1283 1284 - 1285 - 1286 1287 1288 | |
| Decades: 1250s 1260s 1270s - 1280s - 1290s 1300s 1310s | |
| Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century 1285 state leaders | |
Events
- January 6 - Archbishop Jakub Świnka orders all priests subject to his bishopry in Poland to deliver sermons in Polish rather than German, thus further unifying the Catholic Church in Poland and fostering a national identity.
- April 25 - Mamluk sultan Qalawun begins a siege of the Crusader fortress of Margat (in present-day Syria), a major stronghold of the Knights Hospitaller thought to be impregnable; he captures the fortress a month later.
- September 4 - Roger of Lauria defeats King Philip III of France in a naval battle off of Barcelona.
- The writ Circumspecte Agatis, issued by King Edward I of England, defines the jurisdictions of church and state in England, thereby limiting the church's judicial powers to ecclesiastical cases only.
- The Second statute of Westminster is passed in England, reforming various laws; it includes the famous clause de donis conditionalibus, considered one of the fundamental institutes of medieval law in England.
- The English romantic poem The Lay of Havelok the Dane is written (approximate date).
- Tran Hung Dao leads Vietnamese forces in victory over an invading Yuan dynasty Mongol army.
Births
- March 9 - Emperor Go-Nijo of Japan (d. 1308)
- May 1 - Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel (d. 1326)
- December 6 - King Ferdinand IV of Castile (d. 1312)
- Patrick Dunbar, 9th Earl of Dunbar (d. 1369)
- William of Ockham, English Franciscan to whom Occam's Razor is attributed (approximate date; d. 1349)
Deaths
Missing image
Gianciotto_Discovers_Paolo_and_Francesca_Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres.jpg
Gianciotto_Discovers_Paolo_and_Francesca_Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres.jpg
Francesca da Rimini is murdered by her jealous husband in 1285 (painting by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres)
- January 7 - King Charles I of Sicily (b. c. 1227)
- March 28 - Pope Martin IV (b. c. 1210)
- May 13 - Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros (b. c. 1223)
- May 20 - King John II of Jerusalem and Cyprus (b. 1259)
- October 5 - King Philip III of France (b. 1245)
- November 11 - King Peter III of Aragon (b. 1239)
- Daumantas, Grand Prince of Lithuania
- Francesca da Rimini
- Count Philip I of Savoy (b. 1207)
- Mechthild of Magdeburg, Cistercian mystic (approximate date; b. 1210)
- Emperor Yekuno Amlak of Ethiopiaaf:1285
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