Bowdoin College

Template:Infobox University2

Bowdoin College is a private liberal arts college located in the coastal New England town of Brunswick, Maine. It enrolls just under 1,700 students, all of whom are undergraduates, and has been coeducational since 1971. Bowdoin offers 33 majors and 4 additional minors; the academic year consists of two four-course semesters, and the student-faculty ratio is 10:1. Brunswick is located on the shores of Casco Bay and the Androscoggin River, 12 miles north of Freeport, Maine, 28 miles north of Portland, Maine, and 131 miles north of Boston, Massachusetts. In addition to its Brunswick campus, Bowdoin also operates a 118 acre coastal studies center on Orrs Island * (http://academic.bowdoin.edu/csc/) in Harpswell, Maine and a 200 acre scientific field station on Kent Island * (http://academic.bowdoin.edu/kent_island/index.shtml) in the Bay of Fundy.

Contents

History

Missing image
Hubbard_Hall.jpg
Hubbard Hall

Bowdoin College was chartered in 1794 by Governor Samuel Adams of Massachusetts, of which Maine was then a district, and was named for former Massachusetts governor James Bowdoin, whose son James Bowdoin III was an early benefactor. Although Bowdoin is now non-sectarian, it was initially affiliated with the Congregational Church. At the time of its founding, it was the easternmost college in the United States.

Bowdoin came into its own in the 1820s, a decade in which Maine became an independent state as a result of the Missouri Compromise and the College produced a number of its most famous graduates, including future United States President Franklin Pierce, class of 1824, and writers Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, both of whom graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1825.

Bowdoin's connections to the Civil War have prompted some to quip that the war "began and ended" in Brunswick. Harriet Beecher Stowe, "the little lady who started this big war," started writing her influential anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin in Bowdoin's Appleton Hall while her husband was teaching at the College, and General Joshua Chamberlain, a Bowdoin professor and alumnus, was responsible for receiving the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House in 1865. Chamberlain, a Medal of Honor winner who later served as governor of Maine and president of Bowdoin, distinguished himself at the Gettysburg, where he lead the 20th Maine in its valiant defense of Little Round Top.

There are other Civil War connections as well: General Oliver Otis Howard, class of 1850, lead the Freedmen's Bureau after the war and later founded Howard University; Massachusetts Governor John A. Andrew, class of 1837, was responsible for the formation of the famous 54th Massachusetts; and William P. Fessenden 1823 and Hugh McCulloch 1827 both served as Secretary of the Treasury during the Lincoln Administration. After the war, Bowdoin contended that a higher percentage of its alumni fought in the war than that of any other college in the North -- and not only for the Union. In fact, Confederate President Jefferson Davis held an honorary degree from Bowdoin, which he received while United States Secretary of War in 1858.

Although Bowdoin's Medical School of Maine closed its doors in 1920, the College is today known for its particularly strong programs in the natural sciences. Its reputation was cemented in part by the Arctic explorations of Admiral Robert E. Peary, class of 1877, and Donald B. MacMillan, class of 1898. Peary lead the first successful expedition to the North Pole in 1908, and MacMillan, a member of Peary's crew, became famous in his own right as he explored Greenland, Baffin Island and Labrador in the schooner Bowdoin between 1908 and 1954. Bowdoin's Peary-MacMillan Arctic Museum * (http://academic.bowdoin.edu/arcticmuseum/) honors the two explorers, and the College's mascot, the Polar Bear, was chosen after MacMillan donated a particularly large specimen to his alma mater in 1917.

Following in the footsteps of House Speaker Thomas Brackett Reed, class of 1860, several 20th century Bowdoin graduates have assumed prominent positions in national government while representing the Pine Tree State. Wallace H. White, Jr., class of 1899, served as Senate Minority Leader from 1944-1947 and Senate Majority Leader from 1947-1949; George J. Mitchell, class of 1954, served as Senate Majority Leader from 1989-1995 before assuming a prominent role in the Northern Ireland peace process; and William Cohen, class of 1962, spent twenty-five years in the House and Senate before being appointed Secretary of Defense in the Clinton Administration. Maine's First Congressional District, today held by Tom Allen, class of 1967, has been christened the "Bowdoin seat" due to its long occupation by graduates of the College. A total of eleven Bowdoin graduates have ascended to the Maine governorship, and three graduates of the College currently sit on the state's highest court.

Over the last several decades, Bowdoin has modernized dramatically. In 1970, the College became one of a very limited number of selective schools to make the SAT optional in the admissions process, and in 1971, after nearly 180 years as a small men's college, Bowdoin admitted its first class of women. Bowdoin also abolished fraternities in the late 1990s, replacing them with a system of college-owned social houses. Recent developments include the 2001 appointment of Barry Mills, class of 1972, as the fifth alumnus president of the College, and a 2002 decision by the faculty to change the grading system so that it incorporated plus and minus grades.

Academics

Missing image
Walker_Art.jpg
Walker Art Museum

Bowdoin has a strong academic reputation, and is consistently ranked among the top ten liberal arts colleges in the United States by U.S. News and World Report. * (http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/libartco/tier1/t1libartco_brief.php) Although Bowdoin is often compared to Bates and Colby, located in the Maine cities of Lewiston and Waterville, it shares more applicants with Amherst, Brown, Dartmouth, Middlebury and Williams.

Bowdoin offers majors in Africana Studies, anthropology, art history, Asian Studies, biochemistry, ciology, chemistry, Classics, computer science, economics, English, French, geology, German, government, history, Latin American Studies, mathematics, music, neuroscience, philosophy, physics and astronomy, psychology, religion, Russian, sociology, Spanish, visual arts and women's studies. In addition, the College offers minors in theatre, dance, education, film studies, and gay and lesbian studies.

Government, whose prominent professors include Paul Franco, Richard E. Morgan and Jean Yarbrough, was the most popular major for every graduating class between 2000 and 2004, and was ranked the top small college political science program in the world by researchers at the London School of Economics in 2003 * (http://www.bowdoin.edu/news/archives/1bowdoincampus/001355.shtml).

Student Body

Bowdoin's acceptance rate has hovered around 25% for last five years. Although the College does not require the SAT in admissions, all students must submit a score upon matriculation. For the class of 2008, the 25th-75th percentile ranges for the verbal and math sections of the SAT were 640-740 and 650-720, respectively - numbers which include the scores of those students who chose not to submit during the admissions process.

While a significant portion of the student body hails from New England - including nearly 25% from Massachusetts and 10% from Maine - recent classes have drawn from an increasingly national pool. Although Bowdoin once had a reputation for homogeneity, inspiring snide comments in college guides, an aggressive diversity campaign has increased the percentage of non-white students in recent classes to nearly 30%.

Student Life

Missing image
BaxterHouse.jpg
Baxter House, part of of Bowdoin's new social house system.

Recalling his days at Bowdoin in a recent interview, Professor Richard E. Morgan '59 described student life at the then-all-male school as "monastic," and noted that "the only things to do were either work or drink." (This is corroborated by the Official Preppy Handbook, which in 1980 ranked Bowdoin the number two drinking school in the country, behind Dartmouth.) These days, Morgan observed, the College offers a far broader array of recreational opportunities: "If we could have looked forward in time to Bowdoin's standard of living today, we would have been astounded." * (http://orient.bowdoin.edu/orient/article.php?date=2005-02-18&section=3&id=3)

Bowdoin is particularly well-known for its dining services, which the Princeton Review has ranked first and second in the country in recent years. * (http://www.princetonreview.com/college/research/rankings/rankingDetails.asp?categoryID=7&topicID=45) The College has two major dining halls, one of which was renovated in the late 1990s, and every academic year begins with a lobster bake outside Farley Fieldhouse. Bowdoin also does well in other lifestyle categories; in 2004 it ranked 10th in dorm quality and 14th for quality of life. * (http://www.princetonreview.com/college/research/profiles/rankings.asp?listing=1024068&LTID=1)

Since abolishing Greek fraternities in the late 1990s, Bowdoin has switched to a system in which entering students are assigned a "social house" affiliation correlating with their first-year dormitory. First-year students who live in Moore Hall are affiliated with Baxter House, those who live in Hyde Hall are associated with Howell House, and so on. The social houses are physical buildings around campus which host parties and other events throughout the year. Those students who choose not to live in their affiliated house retain their affiliation and are considered members throughout their Bowdoin career.

Bowdoin's student newspaper, The Bowdoin Orient, claims to be the oldest continuously-published college weekly in the United States. * (http://orient.bowdoin.edu) The largest student group on campus is the Outing Club, which leads canoing, kayaking, rafting, camping and backpacking trips throughout Maine * (http://studorgs.bowdoin.edu/outing/). Men's ice hockey is the most popular spectator sport, with hundreds of students turning out for games against arch-rival Colby. For more information on participation in club and varsity sports, see the Athletics section below.

Athletics

Missing image
JoanBenoit.jpg
Joan Benoit, class of 1979

The Bowdoin Polar Bears compete in the NCAA Division III New England Small College Athletic Conference, which also includes Amherst, Conn College, Hamilton, Trinity, Tufts, Wesleyan, Williams, and Maine rivals Bates and Colby. The College's official color is white, though black is traditionally employed as a complement.

Bowdoin offers thirty varsity teams, including men's teams in baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, Nordic skiing, soccer, squash, swimming, tennis, and track, and women's teams in field hockey, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, Nordic skiing, soccer, softball, squash, swimming, tennis, track, and volleyball. The sailing team is co-ed. There are also intercollegiate club teams in rugby, water polo, men's volleyball and ultimate frisbee. Recent NESCAC champions include men's cross country (2001, 2002), women's basketball (2001-2005) and women's ice hockey (2002, 2004).

In addition to the outdoor athletic fields, the College has indoor and outdoor tracks, an Olympic-sized swimming pool, squash courts, an ice hockey rink, a boathouse, several basketball courts, a climbing wall, indoor and outdoor tennis courts, an independent weight room with treadmills and elliptical machines, and a new astroturf field.

Graduate Placement

In 2003, the Wall Street Journal ranked Bowdoin College among the top twenty colleges and universities in the United States based on the percentage of alums who attend one of the top five graduate programs in business, law or medicine - ahead of Rice, Northwestern, Middlebury, Johns Hopkins, Cornell, Wesleyan, Caltech, Michigan, Virginia and UC Berkeley. * (http://www.wsjclassroomedition.com/college/feederschools.htm)

Between 1980 and 1999, the most popular business schools for Bowdoin graduates were those at (1) Harvard, (2) Northwestern, (3) Dartmouth, (4) Pennsylvania, (5) Boston University, (6) Chicago, (7) Babson, (8) Northeastern, (9) New York University and (10) Columbia; the most popular law schools were those at (1) Maine, (2) Boston College, (3) Boston University, (4) Harvard, (5) New York University, (6) Suffolk, (7) Columbia, (8) Virginia, (9) Georgetown and (10) Northeastern; and the most popular medical schools were those at (1) Tufts, (2) Vermont, (3) Dartmouth, (4) Boston University, (5) Rochester, (6) Harvard, (7) Massachusetts, (8) Cornell, (9) Yale and (10) Brown.

For more information, see the "Facts and Figures" page on the Bowdoin College website. * (http://academic.bowdoin.edu/ir/data/index.shtml)

Distinguished Graduates

Arts & Letters

, class of 1825
Nathaniel Hawthorne, class of 1825

Government

Law

Science & Medicine

Athletics

  • Fred Tootell 1923, Olympic gold medalist in the hammer throw (1924)
  • Joan Benoit Samuelson 1979, world record holder and winner of the Boston (1979, 1983), Olympic (1984) and Chicago (1985) marathons

Business

Academia

Honorary Degree Recipients

Bowdoin in Literature and Film

  • Fanshawe (1828) -- This Nathaniel Hawthorne novel, published only three years after his graduation from Bowdoin, is set at a small college which bears a striking resemblance to his alma mater.
  • "Morituri Salutamus" (1875) -- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote this poem for his 50th Bowdoin reunion, and recited it on that occasion. One famous passage recalls the College: "O ye familiar scenes,--ye groves of pine / That once were mine and are no longer mine, -- / Thou river, widening through the meadows green / To the vast sea, so near and yet unseen, -- / Ye halls, in whose seclusion and repose / Phantoms of fame, like exhalations, rose / And vanished,--we who are about to die / Salute you; earth and air and sea and sky / And the Imperial Sun that scatters down / His sovereign splendors upon grove and town." * (http://eir.library.utoronto.ca/rpo/display/poem1334.html)
  • The Killer Angels (1975) -- This historical novel by Michael Shaara, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction, focuses in large part on the role played by Bowdoin graduate and professor Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain at the Battle of Gettysburg.
  • Gettysburg (1993) -- Actor Jeff Daniels plays Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain in this movie based on The Killer Angels. There is at least one reference to Chamberlain's academic career at Bowdoin, which he abandoned to lead the 20th Maine. * (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107007/)
  • The Man Without a Face (1993) -- Parts of this Mel Gibson movie were filmed on campus. * (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107501/)
  • The Cider House Rules (1994) -- In this John Irving novel, a Bowdoin-educated doctor forges a Bowdoin diploma for a young protégé. This role was played by actor Michael Caine in the film version. * (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0124315/)
  • The Sopranos (1999) -- In an episode entitled "College," Tony Soprano and his daughter visit Colby, where Tony kills a former associate, and Bowdoin, where he reads an inscription paraphrasing Hawthorne's warning that "no man, for any considerable period, can wear one face to himself, and another to the multitude, without finally getting bewildered as to which may be true." * (http://www.sopranoland.com/episodes/ep05/) Tony's daughter is ultimately waitlisted at Bowdoin and ends up attending Columbia.
  • Where the Heart Is (2000) -- The main character in this movie, played by Natalie Portman, falls in love with a Bowdoin man. The film, which has a scene "at Bowdoin," is based on a novel of the same name. * (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0198021/)
  • Gods and Generals (2003) -- This film, based on a historical novel of the same name, is a prequel to Gettysburg. Actor Jeff Daniels reprises his role as Chamberlain; Bowdoin references abound. * (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0279111/)
  • Kinsey (2004) -- Actor Liam Neeson plays sex researcher Alfred Kinsey, whose father, played by John Lithgow, violently opposes his decision to transfer to Bowdoin from the Stevens Institute of Technology. * (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0362269/)
  • The Aviator (2004) -- Bowdoin goes unmentioned in this Howard Hughes biopic, but Bowdoin grad Ralph Owen Brewster, played by Alan Alda, has a major role. * (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0338751/)

External Links

de:Bowdoin College

Navigation

  • Art and Cultures
    • Art (https://academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Art)
    • Architecture (https://academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Architecture)
    • Cultures (https://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Cultures)
    • Music (https://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Music)
    • Musical Instruments (http://academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/List_of_musical_instruments)
  • Biographies (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Biographies)
  • Clipart (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Clipart)
  • Geography (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Geography)
    • Countries of the World (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Countries)
    • Maps (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Maps)
    • Flags (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Flags)
    • Continents (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Continents)
  • History (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/History)
    • Ancient Civilizations (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Ancient_Civilizations)
    • Industrial Revolution (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Industrial_Revolution)
    • Middle Ages (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Middle_Ages)
    • Prehistory (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Prehistory)
    • Renaissance (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Renaissance)
    • Timelines (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Timelines)
    • United States (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/United_States)
    • Wars (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Wars)
    • World History (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/History_of_the_world)
  • Human Body (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Human_Body)
  • Mathematics (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Mathematics)
  • Reference (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Reference)
  • Science (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Science)
    • Animals (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Animals)
    • Aviation (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Aviation)
    • Dinosaurs (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Dinosaurs)
    • Earth (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Earth)
    • Inventions (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Inventions)
    • Physical Science (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Physical_Science)
    • Plants (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Plants)
    • Scientists (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Scientists)
  • Social Studies (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Social_Studies)
    • Anthropology (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Anthropology)
    • Economics (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Economics)
    • Government (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Government)
    • Religion (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Religion)
    • Holidays (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Holidays)
  • Space and Astronomy
    • Solar System (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Solar_System)
    • Planets (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Planets)
  • Sports (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Sports)
  • Timelines (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Timelines)
  • Weather (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Weather)
  • US States (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/US_States)

Information

  • Home Page (http://academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php)
  • Contact Us (http://www.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Contactus)

  • Clip Art (http://classroomclipart.com)
Toolbox
Personal tools