1281
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For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century.
| Years: 1278 1279 1280 - 1281 - 1282 1283 1284 | |
| Decades: 1250s 1260s 1270s - 1280s - 1290s 1300s 1310s | |
| Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century 1281 state leaders | |
| Contents |
Events
Europe
- Pope Martin IV authorizes the Ninth Crusade against the newly re-established Byzantine Empire in Constantinople; French and Venetian expeditions set out toward Constantinople but are forced to turn back in the following year.
Middle East
- October 29 - Mamluk sultan Qalawun defeats an invasion of Syria by Mongol Ilkhan Abaqa Khan at the Battle of Homs.
- Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire, becomes bey of the Sögüt tribe in central Anatolia; in 1299 he will declare independence from the Seljuk Turks, marking the birth of the Ottoman Empire.
- An offensive by the Byzantine Empire significantly reduces the size of the Kingdom of Albania, as it recaptures land seized from the Despotate of Epirus by Charles I of Sicily ten years earlier.
Asia
- August 15 - The second Mongol invasion of Japan is foiled at the Battle of Kouan (or Battle of Kyushu) as a large typhoon — famously called a kamikaze, or divine wind — destroys much of the combined Chinese and Korean fleet and forces, numbering over 140,000 men and 4,000 ships.
- Kublai Khan orders the burning of sacred Taoist texts, resulting in the reduction in number of volumes of the Dao Zheng (Taoist Canon) from 4,565 to 1,120.
- The Mon kingdom of Haripunchai falls as its capital Lamphun (in present-day Thailand) is captured by King Mengrai's Lannathai kingdom.
Births
- Hamdollah Mostowfi, Ilkhanid Iranian historian (d. 1349)
- Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Leicester, English nobleman (d. 1345)
- Richard De Bury, English statesman (d. 1345)
- King Rudolph I of Bohemia (also Duke Rudolph III of Austria; d. 1307)
- Yuri III Danilovich, Grand Prince of Russia (date uncertain; d. 1325)
Deaths
ast:1281 bg:1281 ca:1281 cs:1281 cy:1281 da:1281 de:1281 et:1281 el:1281 es:1281 eo:1281 eu:1281 fr:1281 ko:1281년 hr:1281 io:1281 it:1281 lb:1281 hu:1281 nl:1281 nb:1281 nn:1281 pl:1281 pt:1281 ro:1281 ru:1281 sk:1281 sl:1281 sr:1281 fi:1281 sv:1281 tt:1281 uk:1281 zh:1281年