1278
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For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century.
| Years: 1275 1276 1277 - 1278 - 1279 1280 1281 | |
| Decades: 1240s 1250s 1260s - 1270s - 1280s 1290s 1300s | |
| Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century 1278 state leaders | |
Events
- August 26 - Kings Rudolph I of Germany and Ladislaus IV of Hungary defeat King Otakar II of Bohemia in the Battle of Marchfield, a match of over 80,000 men and the largest battle of knights in the middle ages. The battle ends a power struggle between Rudolph and Otakar over the fate of central Europe, and Rudolph's Habsburg family will continue to rule Austria and other captured territories until the end of World War I in 1918.
- The independence, boundaries, and political structure of Andorra are agreed to by the Spanish Bishop of Urgell and the French Count of Foix.
- The earliest known written copy of the Avesta, a collection of ancient sacred Persian Zoroastrian texts previously passed down orally, is produced.
- An edict by Pope Nicholas III requires all Jews to attend conversion sermons.
- The Japanese era Kenji ends, and the Koan era begins.
Births
- King Constantine III of Armenia (d. c. 1310)
- Ferran of Majorca (d. 1316)
- Philip I of Taranto, Prince regnant of Achaea (d. 1332
Deaths
- February 10 - Countess Margaret II of Flanders, regnant (b. 1202
- May 1 - William II Villehardouin, Prince regnant of Achaea
- May 8 - Emperor Duanzong of Song China (b. 1268)
- June 30 - Pierre de la Broce, French courtier
- August 26 - King Otakar II of Bohemia (b. c. 1230)
- Al-Nawawi, Muslim writer (b. 1233)
- Martin of Opava, Dominican chronicler (approximate date)
- Nicola Pisano, Italian sculptor (b. c. 1220)af:1278
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