1275
|
|
For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century.
| Years: 1272 1273 1274 - 1275 - 1276 1277 1278 | |
| Decades: 1240s 1250s 1260s - 1270s - 1280s 1290s 1300s | |
| Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century 1275 state leaders | |
| Contents |
Events
Europe
War and politics
- April 22 - The first of the Statutes of Westminster are passed by the English parliament, establishing a series of laws in its 51 clauses, including equal treatment of rich and poor, free and fair elections, and definition of bailable and non-bailable offenses.
- Eleanor de Montfort is captured by pirates in the employ of Edward I of England to prevent her marriage to Llywelyn the Last, prince of Wales; she is used as a bargaining chip over the coming years in Edward's attempts to subjugate Llywelyn and Wales.
- Scottish forces defeat the Manx of the Isle of Man in a decisive battle, firmly establishing Scottish rule of the island.
Culture, religion, and science
- Jean de Meun completes the French allegorical work of fiction, Roman de la Rose, with a second section; the first section was written by Guillaume de Lorris in 1230.
- A purported witch is first burned to death by sentence of a judicial inquisitor in Toulouse, France.
- The verge escapement, a simple type of escapement used in clocks, is invented (exact year unknown).
- Ramon Llull establishes a school in Majorca to teach Arabic to preachers in an attempt to aid proselytizing to Moors. He also discovers diethyl ether.
- The first main survey of the Hundred Rolls, an English census seen as a follow up to the Domesday Book completed in 1086, is finished; it began in 1274.
Asia
- Invading Mongol forces capture the Chinese city of Suzhou.
- Marco Polo purportedly visits Xanadu, Kublai Khan's summer capital of the Mongol Empire.
- The city of Kunming is made capital of the Yunnan province of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.
Eras and population estimates
- The era of the tosafot, Medieval commentators on the Talmud, ends (began 1100).
- The population of Bushmen in Basutoland (modern-day Lesotho) is estimated at 125,000.
- The Japanese era Bun'ei ends, and the Kenji era begins.
Births
- September 27 - John II, Duke of Brabant (d. 1312)
- Bartholomew, Baron Badlesmere (d. 1322)
- Edward Bruce, Scottish noble (approximate date; d. 1318)
- Dnyaneshwar, Hindu saint and poet (d. 1296)
- Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania (approximate date; d. 1341)
- Giovanni Andrea, Tuscan cleric and professor (very approximate date; d. 1348)
- Giovanni Villani, Florentine writer (approximate date; d. 1348)
- Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (approximate date; d. 1313)
- John de Menteith, Scottish noble (approximate date; d. c. 1323)
- Mondino de Liuzzi, professor of medicine and anatomy (d. 1326)
- Walter V of Brienne, Duke of Athens (approximate date; d. 1311)
- William of Alnwick, Franciscan theologian
Deaths
- April 13 - Eleanor of England (b. 1215)
- September 24 - Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford (b. 1208)
- Prince Bohemund VI of Antioch, regnant (b. 1237)
- Ferdinand de la Cerda, Crown Prince of Castile
In fiction
- The fictional Balkan country of Syldavia, appearing in several of Hergé's Tintin stories, drive away the occupying power of (also fictional) Borduria.af:1275
ast:1275 bg:1275 ca:1275 cs:1275 cy:1275 da:1275 de:1275 et:1275 el:1275 es:1275 eo:1275 eu:1275 fr:1275 ko:1275년 hr:1275 io:1275 it:1275 lb:1275 hu:1275 nl:1275 nb:1275 nn:1275 pl:1275 pt:1275 ro:1275 ru:1275 sk:1275 sl:1275 sr:1275 fi:1275 sv:1275 tt:1275 uk:1275 zh:1275年