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- Old Kingdom (5401 bytes)
2: ...d "Kingdom" periods which mark the high points of civilisation in the Nile Valley (the others being the [...
10: ...story/herlin/textsup.htm#_ftn18 ''ANCIENT AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS TO ca. 1500: Pharaonic Egypt to Ca. 800 B...
22: ...nd also caused famines. But regional autonomy and civil wars were not the only causes of this decline. Th...
24: ... themselves confronted with the worst excesses of civil war, which devoured the Old Kingdom after the ver... - President of the United States (42878 bytes)
54: ...was the first president born after the [[American Civil War]]. Lee surrendered [[9 April]] [[1865]]. - Thomas Jefferson (31127 bytes)
25: ...any other contributions to American political and civil culture. The [[Continental Congress]] delegated t...
147: ...iews on persons of other faiths undermine all our civil rights. Moreover, state support of the church ten...
155: ...all in no wise diminish, enlarge, or affect their civil capacities."
157: ...mple of a priest-ridden people maintaining a free civil government" (Letter to [[Alexander von Humboldt]]... - Andrew Jackson (23546 bytes)
18: ... the [[War of 1812]] and the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. - John Tyler (18019 bytes)
65: ...of the laws of Rhode-Island, by such force as the civil peace shall be unable to overcome, it will be the...
150: ...ton peace convention sought a compromise to avoid civil war, while the [[Confederate States Constitution|... - Millard Fillmore (12296 bytes)
62: ...can, Party]]. Throughout the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] he opposed [[Abraham Lincoln|President Linc... - Franklin Pierce (19017 bytes)
20: ...ica|Confederacy]] during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. He died in 1869 from [[cirrhosis]].
70: ... woman while driving a carriage drunk. During the Civil War, Pierce further damaged his reputation by dec... - James Buchanan (15634 bytes)
50: ...om [[sliding]] into [[schism]] and the [[American Civil War]] and as a result, he is widely considered to...
82: ...gned, he appointed northerners, and chartered the civilian steamer ''[[Star of the West]]'' to secretly c...
84: As such, the first shots of the American Civil War were fired during the Buchanan Administration...
143: * [[Origins of the American Civil War]] - Abraham Lincoln (48771 bytes)
44: ...undaries. These events soon led to the [[American Civil War]].
50: ...s [[assassination]], shortly after the end of the Civil War, made him a [[martyr]] to millions of America...
121: ==Important non-Civil War measures of Lincoln's first term==
130: ==Civil War and reconstruction==
147: ... successful in giving the war meaning to Northern civilians through his oratorical skills. Despite his me... - Andrew Johnson (12662 bytes)
42: ...s towards the defeated rebels and his vetoes of [[civil rights]] bills embroiled him in a bitter dispute ...
105: ... the military and ensuring the local passage of [[civil rights]] laws and otherwise imposing the will of ...
107: ...nton. The Act said, "...every person holding any civil office, to which he has been appointed by and wit... - Ulysses S. Grant (23281 bytes)
22: ...nion army | Union]] [[general]] in the [[American Civil War]] and the 18th ([[1869]]–[[1877]]) [[Pr...
39: ...1854]], he resigned from the army. Seven years of civilian life followed, in which he was a farmer, a rea...
43: ... Army]] its first major victory of the [[American Civil War]] by capturing [[Battle of Fort Henry|Fort He...
54: ...e warring sides. Within a few weeks, the American Civil War was effectively over, although minor actions ...
72: ...ed in [[1873]], it became the role model for the "Civil Service Commission" instituted in [[1883]] by Pre... - Chester A. Arthur (12210 bytes)
20: ...le achievements in office as President included [[civil service]] reform and the passage of the [[Pendlet...
31: During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], Arthur served as acting [[quartermaster]] ...
40: ...t of New York became, as President, a champion of civil service reform. Public pressure, heightened by th...
42: ...the Pendleton Act, which established a bipartisan Civil Service Commission, forbade levying political ass...
103: * [[Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act]] (1883) - Grover Cleveland (20963 bytes)
29: ...can]] political domination between the [[American Civil War]] and the election of [[Woodrow Wilson]] in [...
46: ...d hundreds of private pension bills to [[American Civil War]] veterans whose claims were fraudulent. When... - Africa (35389 bytes)
37: ...f the earliest nation states ever formed. Other [[civilization]]s include [[Ethiopia]], the [[Nubian king...
59: ...fe, this divide initiated by the Belgiums created civil war and unrest between those identified as Hutu a...
77: ...ng among African organisations and states. In the civil war in the [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] (form...
105: ...s, the [[Berbers]], and [[Nubians]] who developed civilizations in North Africa during ancient times. The...
145: ...g Egypt, [[Ancient Rome|Rome]] and the [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan city-states]] were worshipped. - United States (58223 bytes)
60: ...s Constitution|13th Amendment]] took effect. The Civil War effectively ended the question of a state's r...
66: In addition to the Civil War, another major traumatic experience for the n...
392: ...oup]]s. Some examples of these are the various [[Civil Rights Act]]s, the [[Americans with Disabilities ...
419: ...artin Luther King, Jr. Day]] || Honors the late [[civil rights]] leader. Few non-governmental organizatio...
446: ...r]] | [[Vietnam War]] | [[Civil Rights Movement | Civil Rights]]) | [[Foreign relations of the United Sta... - Canada (35540 bytes)
146: ...except in Quebec where [[civil law (legal system)|civil law]] predominates. Though enforcement is a prov... - Economy of Afghanistan (14517 bytes)
4: ... The [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] invasion and ensuing civil war destroyed much of the underdeveloped country'...
13: The war against the Soviet Union and the ensuing civil war also led to migration to the cities and refug...
32: ...y stemming from the Soviet occupation and ensuing civil war. Today, economic recovery and long-term devel... - United Arab Emirates (10825 bytes)
65: ...em; all emirates have secular and Islamic law for civil, criminal, and high courts. - Nigeria (19231 bytes)
69: ...mat Mohammed]] to power, who promised a return to civilian rule. However, he was killed in an abortive co...
197: ...ergoing substantial economic reform under the new civilian administration. Nigeria's former military rule...
259: *[[Nigerian civil war]] - Algeria (16548 bytes)
72: ...ple were killed, often in unprovoked massacres of civilians by guerrilla groups such as the [[Armed Islam... - Jordan (20715 bytes)
90: ...des for three categories of courts--[[civil court|civil]], religious, and special. Administratively, Jord...
134: ...y. In 1996, Jordan and the United States signed a civil aviation agreement that provides for "open skies"... - Netherlands (35958 bytes)
132: ...ry and is considered by the [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] as one of the [[Seven Wonders of the ... - Andorra (11532 bytes)
77: ...in Andorra to prevent influences of the [[Spanish Civil War]] and Franco's Spain.
135: * [[Civil unions in Andorra]] - Turkey (41694 bytes)
50: ...omeland of and battleground between several great civilizations, and a centre of commerce. Turkey borders...
84: ...ts of first instance have jurisdiction over major civil suits and serious crimes. Any conviction in a cri... - Eritrea (12964 bytes)
62: ...nnexed by [[Ethiopia]], starting a 30-year long [[civil war]]. - Greece (54754 bytes)
1: ... by many as the cradle of [[Western world|Western civilization]] and the birthplace of [[democracy]], Gre...
52: Regarded as the cradle of [[western world|western civilization]] and being the birthplace of [[democracy]...
65: ...irst civilizations in Europe, namely the [[Minoan civilization|Minoan]] and the [[Mycenae]]n. After this...
76: ...e battle of [[Manzikert]] in 1071 and the ensuing civil wars largely passed the region by, and Greece con...
102: ... [[paratroop]]s. Allied forces, along with Cretan civilians, however, offered fierce resistance. Although... - People's Republic of China (40848 bytes)
13: After [[World War II]], the [[Chinese Civil War]] between the [[Communist Party of China]] an...
27: ...ss differences and rivalries, has no tradition of civil participation, and limited rule of law. Opponents...
219: ...taught in schools and was even part of imperial [[civil service examinations]]. However, the term Confuci...
223: ...ds these as important achievements of the Chinese civilization, and emphasizes them as being important in... - Historical capital of China (5927 bytes)
24: ...t of Chiang's ROC government during the [[Chinese civil war]] with the [[Communist Party of China]].
26: ...t of Chiang's ROC government during the [[Chinese civil war]] with the [[Communist Party of China]].
30: ...t of Chiang's ROC government during the [[Chinese civil war]] with the [[Communist Party of China]]. - Lebanon (34225 bytes)
80: === Civil War, (1975-1990) ===
81: {{seemain|Lebanese Civil War}}
83: ...ddle East]] before the outbreak of the [[Lebanese Civil War]].
85: ... presence of Palestinian refugees, and full-scale civil war broke out in April 1975, leaving the nation w...
101: ...ward a sense of normality and stability. Lebanese civil society enjoys significantly more freedoms than e... - Germany (46412 bytes)
126: ...re are a series of specialist supreme courts; for civil and criminal cases the highest court of appeal is... - Switzerland (22270 bytes)
57: In [[1847]], a civil war broke out between the Catholic and the Protes...
59: As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopted a federal [[constitution... - Kyrgyzstan (23226 bytes)
97: ...the participation of a broad range of government, civil, and social representatives in an open dialogue, ... - Guinea-Bissau (9517 bytes)
65: ...o the president's ousting and the [[Guinea-Bissau Civil War]]. Elections were held in [[2000]] and [[Kumb...
99: ...ishing economy was badly disrupted by the 1998-99 civil war. It has a foreign [[debt]] of $US 921 million... - Republic of the Congo (9324 bytes)
47: ...elected government installed in [[1992]]. A brief civil war in [[1997]] restored former Marxist President...
92: ...form program came to a halt in June [[1997]] when civil war erupted. When Sassou-Nguesso returned to powe... - Hungary (18459 bytes)
61: ...pean culture with ties to greater West European [[civilisation]]. [[Matthias Corvinus of Hungary|Matthias...
65: ...848–1849 eliminated [[serfdom]] and secured civil rights. The Austrians were finally able to prevai... - East Timor (13677 bytes)
66: ...ve international program led by the UN, manned by civilian advisers, 5,000 peacekeepers (8,000 at peak) a...
68: ...nfrastructure and the strengthening of the infant civil administration. One promising long-term project i... - Djibouti (8746 bytes)
66: A civil war led by [[Afar]] rebels in the early [[1990s]]...
104: ... the last seven years because of [[recession]], [[civil war]], and a high [[population growth rate]] (inc...
111: ... different population groups was the cause of the civil war in the early [[1990s]]. - Republic of Ireland (25543 bytes)
73: The [[Irish Civil War]] was the direct consequence of the creation ... - Tajikistan (10867 bytes)
62: ...er ethnicities and groups during the [[Tajikistan Civil War]]. In [[1997]] a cease-fire was reached betwe...
67: ...after independence, Tajikistan was plunged into a civil war that saw various factions, allegedly backed b...
100: ...reintegrated former civil war combatants into the civilian economy, thus helping keep the peace. Internat...
112: ...kistan's fight against Soviet rule and during its civil war. Historically, a lot of Tajik culture ties it... - Sierra Leone (10596 bytes)
58: ... the early [[1980s]]—became involved in a [[civil war]] in [[1991]], with the [[Revolutionary Unite...
62: ...re the catalyst for a ceasefire and ending of the civil war.
91: ... hamper economic development, following a 10-year civil war. About two-thirds of the working-age populati... - Botswana (22276 bytes)
73: ...custom and law. Botswana's High Court has general civil and criminal jurisdiction. [[Judges]] are appoint... - Guatemala (8475 bytes)
60: ...Guatemala was the heart of the flourishing [[Maya civilization]].
95: ...rds in December [[1996]], which ended 36 years of civil war, removed a major obstacle to foreign investme... - Vietnam (18265 bytes)
19: ...ese communities have supported demonstrations and civil disobedience against the government. The most pro... - Zimbabwe (16088 bytes)
28: ...> - Declared<br/> - Recognised|| [[Rhodesian Civil War]]<br>''(as Rhodesia)'' [[November 11|Nov. 11]...
46: ...g state, attest the existence of a medieval Bantu civilization in the region. Linked to the establishment...
58: === Civil War ===
62: ...]] in an attempt to negotiate a settlement in the civil war. - Finland (29511 bytes)
61: ...l wars [[Russian Civil War|in Russia]], [[Finnish Civil War|in Finland]] and [[nationalist activism|activ...
63: ...at coloured domestic politics for many years. The Civil War was chiefly fought between "the whites", supp...
82: ... between [[court (judicial)|courts]] with regular civil and criminal jurisdiction and administrative cour... - Solomon Islands (9265 bytes)
63: ... an almost complete breakdown in normal activity: civil servants remained unpaid for months at a time, an... - Pakistan (74854 bytes)
54: ...[History of Pakistan]]''' (Including pre-history, civilizations of the region, and modern events to date)...
57: ...hwest of [[Sukkur]], was center of [[Indus Valley Civilization]], 2600 BCE – 1800 BCE]]
59: ...tory. Pakistan was the site of the [[Indus Valley civilization]] and was subsequently conquered by many g...
83: ...d violent political repression escalated into a [[civil war]] (see [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]) in [[Ea...
130: ...an was involved in a [[Bangladesh Liberation War| civil war]] which led the secession of East Pakistan, n... - Israel (51605 bytes)
147: ...Court is regarded by many as Israel's guardian of civil rights, but by others as the most activist Suprem...
152: ...ence, but in some parts has borrowed heavily from civil law tradition.
162: ...cked by religious parties (see below). Currently, civil marriages are only officially sanctioned if perfo... - Afghanistan (23568 bytes)
171: ...maining individual. Many of these fled during the civil war in 90's to the neighboring countries and to E...
198: ...decades of [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] occupation and civil war. Only half of the schools were reported to ha... - Uganda (11554 bytes)
85: ...g prices of [[petroleum]] products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially ... - Nepal (22444 bytes)
64: ... as [[People's war]]. This has since grown to a [[civil war]] and resulted in the deaths of 10,000 people...
68: ...endra deployed Nepal's military in the grinding [[civil war]], the [[Nepalese People's War]], with the Ma...
111: Suffering from "[[Nepal_Civil_War|People's War]]" between the Nepalese governme...
113: ...ies, privatizing state industries, and laying off civil servants. More recently, however, political insta...
305: *[[Nepal Civil War]] - Sudan (18856 bytes)
64: ...at sparked 17 years of [[First Sudanese Civil War|civil war]] from [[1955]] to [[1972]].
68: ...code, re-igniting the [[Second Sudanese Civil War|civil war]].
70: ...hab]] restored a civilian government. However the civil war intensified in lethality and the economy cont...
72: The [[Second Sudanese Civil War|ongoing civil war]] has displaced more than 4 million southerne...
92: ...d on the support for ending the [[Second Sudanese Civil War]] and condemnation of government support for ... - Rwanda (10946 bytes)
60: ...ngo]], and have become involved in that country's civil war. - Democratic Republic of the Congo (21095 bytes)
80: Following five years of extreme instability and civil unrest, Mobutu, now Lieutenant General, overthrew...
84: ...4]], the Congo has been rent by ethnic strife and civil war, touched off by a massive inflow of refugees ...
170: ...al Parks, and the [[Okapi Wildlife Reserve]]. The civil war and resultant poor economic conditions have e... - Malaysia (27892 bytes)
84: ...pled with Chinese Secret Society disturbances and civil war, British [[gunboat diplomacy]] was employed t...
190: [[May 13]], [[1969]] saw an incident of civil unrest which was then thought to be largely due t... - Bolivia (30115 bytes)
76: ...atient with schisms in the coalition, he replaced civilians with members of the armed forces and suspende...
107: ...ional elections on November of 2005; nevertheless civil unrest continues. - Gabon (7342 bytes)
77: ...tions had been manipulated, there was none of the civil disturbance that followed the 1993 election. The ... - Malawi (22306 bytes)
100: ...es, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and civil service reform. Malawi qualified for [[Highly Ind... - Portugal (61755 bytes)
5: ...ugal has witnessed a constant flow of different [[civilization]]s during the past 3100 years. [[Iberians|...
53: ...rvative who overthroned Queen Maria I, led to the civil war between 1832 and 1834 and the signing of the ...
61: ... many overseas wars and the lack of political and civil freedoms led to the end of the regime {{Inote | '...
68: ...s is the Council of State, composed of six senior civilian officers, all former presidents elected since ...
80: ...me in Portugal, but it can be seen as a cause for civil disorder. Handing out or producing drugs is consi... - United Kingdom (37269 bytes)
111: ...ventually abolished by London in 1972, after much civil strife. Referendums for devolved assemblies to Sc... - Angola (15614 bytes)
66: ...iet Union]]. Shortly after, a [[Angolan Civil War|civil war]] broke out between MPLA, UNITA and FNLA. In ...
81: The 26-year long civil war has ravaged the country's political and socia...
126: ... be imported. Despite the increase in the pace of civil warfare in late 1998, the economy grew by an esti... - Zambia (24496 bytes)
63: ...reement]], but Zambia's problems were not solved. Civil war in the former Portuguese colonies generated a...
79: ...to enable Chiluba to seek a third term of office. Civil society, opposition parties, and many members of ...
110: ...taxes. The labor movement and other components of civil society have objected to the sacrifices called fo... - Luxembourg (11321 bytes)
113: ...e application of the [[Napoleonic code|Napoleonic civil code]] in Luxembourg. - Spain (36498 bytes)
89: ...succession by the [[Carlists]] which led to three civil wars. After that, Spain was briefly a [[First Spa...
95: ...Republic ended with the outbreak of the [[Spanish Civil War]] in July [[1936]]. Following the victory of ...
227: ...lf-government, which was lost after the [[Spanish Civil War]] ([[1936]]–[[1939]]) and restored in [... - Flag of Delaware (1314 bytes)
6: ...]. Regiments from Delaware during the [[American Civil War]] flew a similar flag with the state coat of ... - Flag of Louisiana (1128 bytes)
10: ...blue stripes. This was used throughout the [[U.S. Civil War]], though the Pelican flag and Flag of Januar... - Flag of Maryland (3908 bytes)
11: ...nd design gained popularity during the [[American Civil War]], in which Maryland remained with the Union ... - Flag of Ohio (981 bytes)
4: ... based upon the design [[cavalry]] flags of the [[Civil War]] and [[Spanish-American War]], it is technic... - Flag of South Carolina (934 bytes)
2: ...ficial state flag after the end of the [[American Civil War]]. - Flag of Virginia (841 bytes)
3: ...]] was adopted at the beginning of the [[American Civil War]] in [[1861]]. - Conflict (3579 bytes)
20: *intra-state conflict (for example: [[civil war]]s, [[election]] campaigns) - Thoth (5655 bytes)
3: ... of the Moon organized much of Egyptian society's civil and religious rituals and events, so Thoth was al... - Ancient Rome (25155 bytes)
1: '''Ancient Rome''' was a [[civilization]] that existed in [[Europe]], [[North Afri...
25: ...er. Caesar emerged victorious from the resulting Civil War, and was made dictator for life after refusin...
33: ...o appoint co-emperors, although this often led to civil war. After [[395 AD]] the empire became permanent...
156: ...ections were carefully monitored by the Emperor's civil service, and pruned as necessary. Furthermore, wh...
162: ...ired to supply their own arms and would return to civilian life once their service was ended. - Ancient history (7857 bytes)
5: ==The most prominent civilisations of the Ancient Era:==
16: *[[Hellenic civilization]] (Greeks)
18: *[[Indus Valley civilization]], unified from 2600 BC - 1900 BC.
52: * [[49 BC]] - Civil War between Caesar and [[Pompey the Great]].
72: ==Civilizations== - U.S. state (14432 bytes)
108: ...e status. The states are guaranteed military and civil defense by the federal government, which is also ...
110: ...s attempted to secede during the [[U.S. Civil War|Civil War]], but the federal judicial system, in the ca... - Alabama (10792 bytes)
61: ...120,000 soldiers to the [[United States Civil War|Civil War]]. After the war a provisional government wa... - Arkansas (11679 bytes)
44: ...ion on [[May 6]], [[1861]] during the [[American Civil War]]. Under the Military Reconstruction Act, Con... - California (63989 bytes)
111: During the [[American Civil War]], California officially entered on the side ...
130: ... features from Spanish [[Civil law (legal system)|civil law]]. [[Capital punishment in California|Capital... - North Carolina (18268 bytes)
46: ...[[American Revolutionary War]] and the [[American Civil War]], North Carolina worked to establish its sta...
48: ...he North or the South in the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], North Carolina was the last state to seced...
72: ...rt. A jury of 12 hears the criminal cases. In the civil cases, juries are often waived.
74: ... for worthless-check cases among other things. In civil cases, the magistrate is authorized to try small ... - Connecticut (28543 bytes)
99: ...ned in Middletown, but briefly revived during the Civil War. The [[Savage Revolving Fire Arm Company]] ma... - Delaware (15006 bytes)
50: ...ted unsuccessfully to continue slavery beyond the Civil War. Delaware ratified the amendment on February ...
69: ...erican military persons (and some U.S. government civilians) who die overseas. - Georgia (U.S. state) (26579 bytes)
54: ...cy]] and became a major theater of the [[American Civil War]]. In December 1864, a large swath of the sta...
58: ...g [[Macon, Georgia|Macon]], especially during the Civil War.
90: ...t Virginia]] seceded from [[Virginia]] during the Civil War. - Iowa (24205 bytes)
50: ... had a higher percentage of soldiers serve in the Civil War, per capita, than any other state in the Unio... - Kansas (21369 bytes)
46: ...h state of the Union on [[January 29]], [[1861]]. Civil War veterans constructed homesteads in Kansas fol... - Kentucky (15076 bytes)
43: On [[May 20]], [[1861]] during the [[American Civil War]], Kentucky proclaimed its [[neutrality]] in ... - Louisiana (26375 bytes)
74: ...|civil law]] legal system, based on the Louisiana Civil Code, which is similar to (and often confused wit...
78: In the [[American Civil War]] Louisiana seceded from the Union on [[Janua...
84: ...note that the Louisiana Civil Code and the French Civil Code, often referred to as the Napoleonic Code, c...
86: ...nd in verbiage, it is important to note that the "Civilian" tradition is still deeply rooted in all aspec... - Maryland (22654 bytes)
55: ...aryland did not secede during the [[United States Civil War]], in part due to precautions taken by the go... - Missouri (16086 bytes)
44: ...ding to the west. During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], Missouri, a slave state, was split with po... - Wisconsin (18812 bytes)
147: ...as in Wisconsin. Towns are unincorporated [[minor civil division]]s of [[County#United_States|counties]]. - Virginia (23198 bytes)
38: ...er broke away from Virginia during the [[American Civil War]].
48: ...remaining loyal to the crown during the [[English Civil War]]. [[Patrick Henry]] served as the first Gove...
50: ...ica|Confederacy]] during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. When it did, some counties were separated ... - Vermont (39851 bytes)
88: The northernmost land action of the [[American Civil War]] took place in Vermont on [[October 19]], [[...
102: ...he second option by creating the institution of [[civil union]]; the bill, which was supported by over ha... - Utah (29154 bytes)
104: Due to the Civil War, federal troops were pulled out of Utah Terri...
128: ... provides no legal recognition for other forms of civil union. On [[November 2]], [[2004]], Amendment 3 w...
145: ...ent has plenary and supreme--although concurrent--civil and criminal jurisdiction over these federal land... - Texas (39610 bytes)
98: === Civil War Texas ===
153: ...resort: the Texas Supreme Court—which hears civil cases—and the Texas Court of Criminal Appea... - Tennessee (19096 bytes)
50: ... so on [[June 8]], [[1861]]. After the [[American Civil War]], Tennessee adopted a new [[constitution]] t...
52: ...not have a military governor after the [[American Civil War]], mostly due to the influence of President [...
139: ...hub, financial center, major [[American Civil War|Civil War]] battleground
150: ...enter of [[Tennessee]]; home of famous [[American Civil War]] [[Battle of Stones River]] (also known as t... - South Carolina (11968 bytes)
44: ...or, thus precipitating the [[American Civil War | Civil War]]. Students from [[The Citadel]] were among t...
54: ...iction court for South Carolina, comprised of the Civil Court, the Court of Common Pleas, and the Court o... - Pennsylvania (32594 bytes)
67: ... battle the major turning point of the [[American Civil War]]. Dead from this battle rest at [[Gettysburg...
86: ...ly preside over minor criminal offenses and small civil claims. The Philadelphia Municipal Court and the...
88: ...neral [[trial]] courts in which most criminal and civil cases originate are the Courts of Common Pleas. ...
90: ...lth Court also functions as a trial court in some civil suits, including cases that involve the state or ...
263: ... He commanded Union troops during the [[American Civil War]], most notably during the [[Battle of Gettys... - Oklahoma (32092 bytes)
117: === Five Civilized Tribes ===
122: The "[[Five Civilized Tribes]]" were not the only ones forced to Ok...
126: The five civilized tribes set up towns such as [[Tulsa, Oklahoma...
128: During the [[American Civil War]] many tribes were internally split between [...
131: After the Civil War, in [[1866]], the federal government forced t... - West Virginia (24258 bytes)
38: ...roke away from [[Virginia]] during the [[American Civil War]]. The state is noted for its [[coal]] minin...
46: ...state formed as a direct result of the [[American Civil War]]. It was originally the western part of the ...
48: However, the American Civil War allowed western Virginia to form its own stat... - Nebraska (13662 bytes)
47: ...e in [[1867]], shortly after the [[Civil War (US)|Civil War]]. At that time, the capital was moved from ...
213: ...ald R. Ford]]''', Vice President [[Dick Cheney]], civil rights activist '''[[Malcolm X]]''', and various ... - Nevada (17565 bytes)
39: ...was admitted into the union during the [[American Civil War]].
49: ...d it to the more industrialized [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]], it was viewed as politically reliab... - New Hampshire (23166 bytes)
51: ... hotbed of [[Abolitionist]] sentiment up to the [[Civil War]], participating in the [[Underground Railroa...
226: ...onday in April until 1991 when it was replaced by Civil Rights Day. [http://www.state.nh.us/nhinfo/fast.h...
227: * In 1999 New Hampshire changed the name of Civil Rights Day to [[Martin Luther King Day]]. [http:/... - New Jersey (35646 bytes)
41: ... friends who had been loyal through the [[English Civil War]]: [[George Carteret|Sir George Carteret]] an...
43: During the [[English Civil War]] the Island of [[Jersey]] remained loyal to ...
63: ...phased out slavery. However, by the close of the Civil War, several African-Americans in New Jersey were... - New Mexico (31079 bytes)
46: The [[Spain|Spanish]] encountered Pueblo civilization in the [[1500s]]. Word of the pueblos reac...
80: During the [[American Civil War]], Confederate troops from Texas first occupi... - Aviation (1454 bytes)
5: * [[Civil aviation]]
8: Civil aviation includes both [[scheduled air transport]... - List of people by name: Q (4474 bytes)
26: ...am]], [[United States]] [[United States Civil War|Civil War]] - List of people by name: Y (12717 bytes)
146: ...Andrew Young|Young, Andrew]], (b. 1932), American civil rights activist & diplomat - Andocides (1237 bytes)
3: ...ing informer, he was condemned to partial loss of civil rights and went into exile. He engaged in commer...
5: ... Reditu,'' his plea for his return and removal of civil disabilities; ''De Mysteriis,'' his defence again... - Ptolemy VIII of Egypt (5881 bytes)
15: The ensuing civil war pitted Cleopatra's Alexandria against the cou... - Ptolemy XIII of Egypt (3087 bytes)
1: ...ndria]] but she soon organized her own army and a civil war began in Egypt. Soon another sister of theirs... - Women's suffrage (11832 bytes)
35: During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] and immediately after little was heard of t... - History of the United States (21226 bytes)
45: ...[February 9]], [[1861]]. The [[American Civil War|Civil War]] began when Confederate General [[Pierre Bea...
84: ...th, became increasingly challenged by the growing Civil Rights movement and African American leaders like...
89: ... political forces, and continued progress towards Civil Rights. In the early 1970s, Johnson's successor,...
105: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
106: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - List of reference tables (55289 bytes)
445: === [[Architecture]] and [[civil engineering]] ===
448: *[[List of historic civil engineering landmarks]]
752: *[[List of civil wars]] - Flag (13245 bytes)
37: ...of the world by boarding, confiscation, and other civil penalties. - Albania (24647 bytes)
120: ... Greek and Serbian propaganda, Albania falls in a civil war in 1997. From that year The Socialist party t... - Sumerian language (10760 bytes)
30: ...umerian can be illustrated by a quote from Miguel Civil of the University of Chicago's [[Oriental Institu... - Ming Dynasty (65624 bytes)
6: ...was a mess. When hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians were called upon to work on the Yellow River,...
14: ...osophy was revamped. Candidates for posts in the civil service or the officer corps of the 80,000-man ar...
63: ...een almost entirely lost to us as a result of the civil war and coup d?etat launched by his uncle Zhu Di....
79: ...nce of control, and a wide range of new organs of civil administration were established, By 1408, Jiao-zh...
219: ...edly revolted and Yongli government experienced a civil war. Although the revolt was put down, the South ... - Castle (27805 bytes)
79: ...And, although, when the country was again torn by civil strife, their military importance was of small ac... - Government (12596 bytes)
75: ...Democracy (varieties)]] - [[Democratization]] - [[Civil society]] - [[Checks and balances]] - [[History o... - List of inventors (14020 bytes)
200: ...1781-1848), [[England]] — steam locomotive, civil engineer, inventor - American Revolution (17069 bytes)
45: ...il Code of Quebec#Under the British Empire|French civil law]], and instituted toleration for [[Roman Cath...
101: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
102: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - Geography of the United States (15104 bytes)
130: ...oped prior to and during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. The South consists mostly of low coastal ... - Caste (32815 bytes)
67: ...e the most despised people of the Imperial Indian Civilization.
90: ... the Varna system goes back to the [[Indus Valley Civilization]]
94: Indian civilization and it's customs are far more ancient...in...
162: ...es]] through the [[American Civil Rights Movement|Civil Rights movement]], colonial [[Latin America]] und... - India (27950 bytes)
3: ...e of the most [[Indus Valley Civilization|ancient civilisations]] (and a centre of important historic tra...
11: ...0 years ago and developed into the [[Indus Valley Civilization]], which peaked between [[26th century BC|...
23: ..."[[state of emergency]]" with the suspension of [[civil rights]]. India has unresolved border disputes wi... - Timeline of United States history (2967 bytes)
8: ...vil War origins]] (events leading to the American Civil War)
39: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
40: ...category/civil-war-pictures-and-illustrations.htm Civil War Images] - United States territorial acquisitions (5763 bytes)
34: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
35: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - American Civil War (47733 bytes)
8: |Conflict||'''American Civil War'''
16: !colspan="2"|'''[[Battles of the American Civil War]]'''
50: ...nd battles (see the article [[Naming the American Civil War]]).
55: ...lit; these five are known as the [[Border States (Civil War)|Border States]]. [[Delaware]], which had vot...
56: ...left|Map of the division of the states during the Civil War. Blue represents Union states, including tho... - World War I (62979 bytes)
2: ...ome of the century's first large-scale [[genocide|civilian massacres]] took place. Four dynasties, the [[...
19: ... slowed without risking invasion and defeat. The civilian leaders of the European powers also found them...
185: For data on military and civilian deaths by nationality, see [[World War I casua...
385: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
386: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - Great Depression (16069 bytes)
82: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
83: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - World War II (58065 bytes)
8: ...[home front]]" and [[Strategic bombing|bombing of civilians]] to a new degree. [[Atomic weapon]]s, [[jet ...
172: ...ront]] is the name given to the activities of the civilians in a state of total war.
174: ... efforts of the soldiers themselves, and that the civilian populace constituted an additional front at ho...
176: ... war, there were surprisingly few restrictions on civilian activities. Most goods were freely available.
178: Civilian populations were heavily involved in war produ... - Cold War (18329 bytes)
94: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
95: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - Vietnam War (102682 bytes)
27: !colspan="2" |'''Civilian Casualties: ''' c. 2—4 million
131: ...ction between the American armed services and the civilian authorities in Washington. Military officials...
179: ...on. [[Rules of engagement]] were imposed to limit civilian casualties or attacks on other nationals, such...
215: ...ovels. This was the worst single massacre against civilians in the war. Although neither of these offensi...
238: ...hat the military mission lacked clear objectives. Civilian critics of the war argued that the government ... - Civil rights (27169 bytes)
1: ...jpg|thumb|250px|right|President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964.]]
2: ...When those grants were later found inadequate, '''civil rights movements''' emerged as the vehicle for cl...
4: ...gnatories), which encompass both human rights and civil liberties.
8: ...berty (see below: Hohfeld). The root of the word 'civil' reflects the association between a bundle of rig...
10: ...] with the upper layers of society and means that civil rights attach to people by virute of their [[citi... - Timeline of United States pre-history (1600-1699) (5684 bytes)
88: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
89: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - Timeline of United States pre-history (1700-1759) (3760 bytes)
47: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
48: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - Timeline of United States revolutionary history (1760-1789) (5450 bytes)
77: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
78: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - Timeline of United States history (1790-1819) (6951 bytes)
102: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
103: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - Timeline of United States history (1820-1859) (8457 bytes)
127: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
128: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War (11837 bytes)
1: ...Civil War]]. ''See also [[Origins of the American Civil War]].''
114: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
115: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - Timeline of United States history (1860-1899) (10289 bytes)
1: ...umb|More than 550,000 Americans died fighting the Civil War, include these men felled during the bloody B...
13: *[[1861]] - [[American Civil War]] begins at [[Fort Sumter]]
34: *[[1865]] - [[United States Civil War]] ends
39: *[[1866]] - [[Civil Rights Act of 1866]]
41: ...ilians cannot be tried in military tribunals when civilian courts are available - Timeline of United States history (1900-1929) (8003 bytes)
132: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
133: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - Timeline of United States history (1930-1949) (8681 bytes)
17: *[[1933]] - [[Civil Works Administration]]
18: *[[1933]] - [[Civilian Conservation Corps]]
103: *[[1946]] - [[Civil Rights Commission]]
144: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
145: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - Timeline of United States history (1950-1969) (7885 bytes)
34: *[[1957]] - [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]]
47: *[[1960]] - [[Civil Rights Act of 1960]]
73: *[[1964]] - [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]]
90: *[[1968]] - [[Civil Rights Act of 1968]]
113: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures] - Timeline of United States history (1970-1989) (5473 bytes)
61: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
62: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - Timeline of United States history (1990-present) (6005 bytes)
62: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
63: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - History of the United States (1776-1789) (19792 bytes)
21: ...g the benign neglect of a Britain, preoccupied by civil war and other problems. After the conclusion of t...
83: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
84: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - History of the United States (1865-1918) (52094 bytes)
2: ...a decade before coming to an end, and many of the civil rights laws that were passed immediately after th...
7: ...nion invasion and defeat of the South, attacks on civilian targets and destruction of infrastructure, fol...
9: ...ernment's failure for many decades to enforce the civil rights of the formerly enslaved African-Americans...
15: ...States Constitution|fourteenth]], which granted [[civil rights]] to [[African American]]s; and the [[Fift...
21: ...ens in public places, thus repealing the [[1875]] Civil Rights Act. ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'' 163 US 537... - History of the United States (1918-1945) (54688 bytes)
125: ... the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] (CCC), the [[Civil Works Administration]] (CWA), and the [[Federal E...
177: ...the work of the next wave of liberal reform-- the civil rights movement and the [[Great Society]]-- to em...
230: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
231: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - History of the United States (1945-1964) (29139 bytes)
8: ...isting the anti-Bolshevik Whites in the [[Russian Civil War]]. In addition, the Soviets never forgot the ...
73: ==The Civil Rights Movement==
77: ...3 US 537 [[1896]] further eroded African American civil rights.
88: ...ck.jpeg|left|thumb|300px|Alabama police attacking civil rights demonstrators on "[[Bloody Sunday (1965)|B...
90: In the early days of the civil rights movement, litigation and lobbying were the... - History of the United States (1964-1980) (21973 bytes)
2: ==Civil rights==
3: ...vvy to push Kennedy's agenda; most notably, the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]].
15: ...r much of the next 30 years, until the issue of [[civil rights]] divided conservative southern whites fro...
99: ...th]] to be elected president since the [[American Civil War]].
112: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures] - History of the United States (1980-1988) (35211 bytes)
12: ...eristic of the era of the [[Great Society]] and [[civil rights movement]], gave way to conservative urban...
14: ...lessness]]. And despite the achievements of the [[civil rights movement]] of the 1960s, inner-city, worki...
116: ...er, U.S. intervention in the multi-sided Lebanese civil war had disastrous consequences. On [[October 23]...
124: ...[[Angola]], respectively, during those countries' civil wars. The administration intervened on the side o...
144: ...category/civil-war-pictures-and-illustrations.htm Civil War Images] - History of the United States (1988-present2) (20668 bytes)
72: ...ct]], criticized by groups such as the [[American Civil Liberties Union]]. The immediate military respons... - Mississippi (15114 bytes)
48: ...ry 9]], [[1861]]. During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] the Confederate States were defeated and su...
56: After the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], perceived mistreatment of Southerners duri... - Michigan (29427 bytes)
106: There are two types of [[Civil township|townships]] in Michigan: ''general law''... - Illinois (27007 bytes)
45: ...ear present-day [[Collinsville, Illinois]]. That civilization vanished circa 1400-1500 for unknown reaso...
55: ===The Civil War===
56: ...red 150 infantry regiments (see [[Illinois in the Civil War]]), which were numbered from the 7th IL to th... - Tornado (14220 bytes)
51: ...radio and television, and most communities have [[civil defense siren]]s that will activate when severe w... - April (9790 bytes)
58: American Civil War (Started April 1861 Ended April 1865, thus "A... - John Locke (14749 bytes)
6: ...f cavalry for [[Parliament]] during the [[English Civil War]]. In [[1647]], Locke was sent to the prestig...
35: ...ght of Kings]]. The ''Second Treatise'', or ''On Civil Government'', purports on its face to justify the...
49: ..." behavior meant that the Native Americans were uncivilized and thus did not deserve the land. "In Locke'... - Colonial America (32872 bytes)
104: ... was made truly apparent, as British military and civilian officials took on an increased presence in the...
143: ...lio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_Rights Civil Rights Pictures]
144: ...eFolio.cgi?direct=History/United_States/Civil_War Civil War Images] - January 17 (12233 bytes)
6: ...g the scene for the second phase of the [[English Civil War]]. - January 1 (18244 bytes)
24: *[[1863]] - [[American Civil War]]: The [[Emancipation Proclamation]] takes ef... - January 2 (10888 bytes)
13: *[[1818]] - British [[Institution of Civil Engineers]] formed - Okapi (2836 bytes)
25: ... roughly the size of [[Connecticut]]. The [[Congo Civil War]] threatened both the wildlife and the conser... - History of California (38344 bytes)
45: ...uring the [[California and the Civil War|American Civil War]].)
167: ====California and the Civil War====
168: {{main|California and the Civil War}}
170: California's role in the [[American Civil War]] is one of the least researched areas of Ame...
173: After the Civil War ended in 1865, California continued to grow. ... - Christianity (47078 bytes)
58: ...secution and were caught up in various wars, both civil and foreign. - Religion (72319 bytes)
239: ...n [[John Lubbock|John Lubbock's]] ''The Origin of Civilization and the Primitive Condition of Man.'' [htt...
249: ...at is morally right and wrong in a [[civilization|civilized society]]. It is the duty of [[intelligence ...
281: ...ay and act as "surveyors of the course of secular civilization who report breaks in the road and breakdow...
373: ...ypes of religions: [[ancestor worship]] – [[civil religion]] – [[folk religion]] – [[fu... - Memorial Day (4407 bytes)
2: ...nor Union soldiers who died during the [[American Civil War]]. After [[World War I]], it expanded to incl...
9: Following the end of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], many communities set aside a day to mark t...
22: Unsurprisingly given its origin in the [[American Civil War]], Memorial Day is not a holiday outside the ... - Pope Zosimus (7180 bytes)
8: ...residence of the chief government official of the civil Diocese of Gaul, the "Prefectus Praetorio Galliar... - Pope Leo I (11553 bytes)
29: ...rsal monarchy was threatened, Leo appealed to the civil power for support, and obtained from [[Valentinia...
41: ...ically equal authority with Rome and regarded the civil importance of a city as a determining factor in i...
45: ...nd threatened Rome, it was Leo who, with two high civil functionaries, went to meet him, and so impressed... - Pope Pelagius I (1629 bytes)
1: ... John, seems to have been vicar of one of the two civil "dioceses", or districts, into which [[Italy]] wa... - Pope Gregory II (966 bytes)
1: ...prepared the way for a long series of revolts and civil wars, which tended greatly to the establishment o... - Pope John XII (3611 bytes)
3: ...s said to have made a byword of reproach with his civil dignities. - Cambodia (32076 bytes)
79: ...ls, detractors of Marxism, and some just innocent civilians. Millions fled across to neighbouring [[Thail...
85: ...hese states collapsed, the [[Khmer Empire|Khmer]] civilization began to flourish in this area from the [[...
106: ===Civil war and genocide===
110: ...hanouk began to send supplies to North Vietnam, a civil war began.
112: ...nd declared the [[Khmer Republic]]. Immediately a civil war began between this military regime and the [[... - Chin (993 bytes)
11: ...r]]ist [[Russia]], [[chin]] was a rank given to a civil servant, or [[chinovnik]] - Charles de Gaulle (41586 bytes)
94: ...jority for Algerian independence. A "Committee of Civil and Army Public Security" was created under the p...
98: ...concerns of some who feared that he would violate civil liberties, de Gaulle retorted vehemently: "Have I...
146: ...s: when offered the spectre of revolution or even civil war, the majority of the country rallied to him. ...
257: ...58]] - [[Guy Mollet]] becomes Minister of General Civil Servants Status - Nairobi (2690 bytes)
16: .... In 2001, the [[United Nations]] [[International Civil Service Commission]] rated Nairobi as among the m... - Leonardo da Vinci (25889 bytes)
2: ...ce the study of [[anatomy]], [[astronomy]], and [[civil engineering]].
95: ...ingle span 720-foot (240 m) bridge as part of a [[civil engineering]] project for [[Sultan]] [[Beyazid II... - Nicolaus Copernicus (26283 bytes)
10: ...However, while studying [[canon law|canon]] and [[civil law]] at [[Ferrara]], he met his teacher [[Domeni... - Causes of the French Revolution (11170 bytes)
9: ...utions of 1848]] wrote that in both the [[English Civil War|English Revolution]] of [[1648]] and in the F...
24: ...ofit out of their appointment. For instance, in a civil lawsuit, judges had to be paid some fees by the p... - French Revolution (36529 bytes)
25: ... thorough-going reform position, granting various civil rights (including freedom of worship to Protestan...
55: ...e]] (city hall), the mob accused the ''[[Provost (civil)|pr鶴t]] des marchands'' (roughly, mayor) [[Jacq...
59: ...y as ''[[魩gr靝s'', some of whom began plotting civil war within the kingdom and agitating for a Europe...
66: ...Revolution from the abolition of feudalism to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy#The abolition of feuda...
92: ...Revolution from the abolition of feudalism to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy#Towards a constitution... - List of people associated with the French Revolution (16148 bytes)
25: ... friend of [[Georges Danton]]. Went directly from civilian life to being a general; later [[marshal of Fr...
63: ...régoire]] - revolutionary priest, supporter of [[Civil Constitution of the Clergy]].
133: ...he [[Declaration of the Rights of Man]] and the [[Civil Constitution of the Clergy]], under which he was ... - Napoleonic Wars (44488 bytes)
13: ...opean countries have a [[Civil law (legal system)|Civil law]] legal system, with clearly redacted [[code ... - Hundred Years' War (30012 bytes)
3: ...gh in retrospect it has the feeling of a French [[civil war]] as much as an international conflict, the h...
68: ... were bidding for the help of English forces in a civil war.
235: ...], ''The Perspective of the World,'' vol III of ''Civilization and Capitalism'' 1984 (in French 1979). - Age of Enlightenment (36312 bytes)
14: ...e of Westphalia]] and at the end of the [[English Civil War]], there was an upheaval which overturned the... - Protestant Reformation (26890 bytes)
22: ...on to maximize economic advantage, contributed to civil war, aggressive [[militarism]], and thus centrali...
72: .... With the church subordinate to and the agent of civil authority and peasant rebellions condemned on str...
80: ...cessful until the Puritan Revolution or [[English Civil War]] in the seventeenth century.
85: ''See articles [[Puritan]] and [[English Civil War]]'' - El Salvador (12362 bytes)
67: ...ightist]] vigilantes known as [[death squads]], a civil war broke out that would last 12 years (1980-1992...
79: The current legal system of El Salvador, based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law came int... - Ireland (33828 bytes)
95: ...922 and 1923 both sides fought the bloody [[Irish Civil War]]. This division among Nationalists still col...
97: ...mocracy, in which the losing faction in the Irish civil war, [[Eamon de Valera]], was able to take power ...
103: ...rime minister) [[Sean Lemass]] and radical senior civil servant [[T.K. Whittaker]], who produced a series...
112: ...e deaths of thousands of men, women and children, civilians and military. Most of the violence took place... - Congress of the United States (41315 bytes)
29: ...ere supplemented by the post-[[American Civil War|Civil War]] [[American Constitutional Amendments|amendm... - United States Senate (35505 bytes)
14: ...ricans associated with the Union's victory in the Civil War. The efforts of "[[Radical Republicans]]" led...
16: ...levance that stood in sharp contrast with the pre-Civil War era. Very few senators had long and distingui...
25: ...rate]] [[secession]], which led to the [[American Civil War]]. No senator has been expelled since; howeve...
35: ..., which came into force soon after the end of the Civil War, was intended to prevent those who sided with...
62: ...nsuccessful attempt to block the passage of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]]. The Senate may end a filibu... - Los Angeles Dodgers (23879 bytes)
35: ...garded as a key moment in the history of the U.S. Civil Rights movement. - Architect (6342 bytes)
40: *[[Civil engineer]]
41: *[[Civil engineering]] - Lists of people (6244 bytes)
59: ** [[List of people associated with the American Civil War]] - Federal government of the United States (13380 bytes)
11: ...al oversight prevents waste and fraud, protects [[civil liberties]] and individual rights, ensures execut...
45: ...aning that these courts handle criminal cases and civil law suits between individuals. The other courts, ...
51: The power of the federal courts extends both to civil actions for damages and other redress, and to cri... - History of the world (21975 bytes)
12: ...ortant in areas which became the cradles of early civilizations, such as the [[Yellow River]] valley in [...
14: ...of social and economic complexity. However, these civilisations were so different from one another that t...
16: ... of the [[Shang Dynasty|Shang]]. In the Americas, civilizations such as the [[Maya]], the [[Moche]] and [...
21: ...l]] may have been discovered there before western civilization.
23: ...cy|coinage]] was introduced in [[Lydia]]. Chinese civilisation too began to assume its familiar aspect du... - Hot air balloon (8769 bytes)
13: ...] for [[artillery]] observation in the [[American Civil War]] and were used for communication during the ...
47: ...ingdom]] a Private Pilots Licence issued by the [[Civil Aviation Authority|CAA]]. - Airline (29546 bytes)
42: ...et to set the standards and scope for an emergent civil air industry toward the end of the war, it was no...
44: ...litary, and foresaw a future explosive demand for civil air transport, for both passengers and cargo. The...
79: Groups such as the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] establish worldwide stand... - Underground Railroad (17993 bytes)
68: ...ween North and South culminated in the [[American Civil War]], many blacks, slave and free, fought with t...
75: With the outbreak of the Civil War in the United States, a large number of black...
77: ...aves hungry for their freedom before the American Civil War. There a numerous momuments erected in [[Onta...
98: * [[1861]] through [[1865]] – [[American Civil War]] - Timeline of Ancient Rome (22347 bytes)
34: **Rome conquers the [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]]s
93: * [[83 BC|83]]/[[82 BC]] – First Roman civil war, between [[Sulla]] and the popular faction; [...
95: ...ertorius]], the last Marian general continues the civil war in [[Hispania]]
104: ... (''alea iacta est'') and begins the Second Roman civil war against the ''[[Optimates]]'', the conservati...
107: * [[44 BC|44]]/[[42 BC]] – Third Roman civil war, between the assassins of Caesar (led by [[Ga... - Valley of the Kings (4430 bytes)
20: ...uffered an official plundering during the virtual civil war which started in the reign of [[Ramesses XI]]... - Roman Empire (59037 bytes)
27: *Creation of a [[civil service]] outside of the [[Roman Senate|Senatoria...
66: ... the [[Year of the Four Emperors]]) was a year of civil war, with the emperors [[Galba]], [[Otho]], [[Vit...
78: ...burdens placed upon it by Nero's excesses and the civil wars. To do this, he not only increased taxes, bu...
110: ... of soldier-emperors and almost a half-century of civil war and strife.
114: ...er nearly 50 years of external invasion, internal civil wars and economic collapse, the Empire was on the... - Hubble Space Telescope (50930 bytes)
297: # ''Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program Volume V: Exploring the Cosmos'', (... - Reconstruction (12035 bytes)
1: ...nstruction''' was the period after the [[American Civil War]] when the southern states of the breakaway [...
6: ...th President [[Andrew Johnson]], who vetoed the [[Civil Rights Act of 1866]]; however, his veto was overr...
12: ... all state governments and began to pass numerous civil rights laws legalizing interracial marriage and e...
18: ...States Constitution|Fourteenth]], which granted [[civil rights]] to [[Negroes]]; and the [[United States ...
36: ...n neighbors. The initial flurry of Reconstruction civil rights measures was eroded and converted into law... - San Francisco, California (55022 bytes)
75: ... double-decker freeways, but the crude state of [[civil engineering]] at that time resulted in constructi...
97: ...n of the assistant chief) allegedly assaulted two civilians over a bag of steak [[fajita]]s. The resultin...
375: ...l engineering landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in the 1970's. - Ronald Reagan (52721 bytes)
89: ...e Internal Revenue Code in 1986, as well as the [[Civil Liberties Act of 1988]] which compensated victims...
106: ... [[1982]] massacre of hundreds of [[Palestinian]] civilians in Beirut (see [[Sabra and Shatila Massacre]]...
110: ...ired for agriculture, medical research, and other civilian purposes, but which were diverted to use in Sa... - Gerald Ford (28942 bytes)
168: ...rt of reproductive rights. Ford has also endorsed civil unions for [[gay]] couples, and urged Republicans... - John F. Kennedy (36524 bytes)
24: ...ncomplete at his death — with most of his [[civil rights]] policies coming to fruition through his ...
57: ...r to the 1960 campaign, was his handling of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]]. He voted for final passage,...
96: ...eft|200px|JFK in the [[Oval Office]] with various civil rights activists including [[Martin Luther King J...
101: ...d he distanced himself from it. As a result, many civil rights leaders viewed President Kennedy as unsupp...
196: ...ng his presidency. The [[Civil Rights Act of 1964|Civil Rights Act]] which he sent to Congress in 1963 wa... - Lyndon B. Johnson (32801 bytes)
81: ...50px|right|President Johnson signs the historic [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] bill.]]
100: ...am War]]. As more and more American soldiers and civilians were killed in Vietnam, Johnson's popularity ...
195: ...onal approval. After delivering a major speech on civil rights, he called 32 people, all of whom he knew ... - Richard Nixon (32863 bytes)
66: ...isliked the "[[hippie]]" [[counterculture]] and [[civil rights]] and [[anti-war]] demonstrators. Nixon a... - Dwight D. Eisenhower (37513 bytes)
177: ...n foreign affairs. With respect to the emerging [[civil rights movement]], he has been criticized by [[le...
274: ...dy, but also due to his reluctance to support the civil rights movement or to stop [[McCarthyism]]. Suc...
281: ...he legality of holding a military rank while in a civilian office, Dwight Eisenhower resigned his permane... - Harry S. Truman (30022 bytes)
86: ...vocating universal [[health insurance]], modest [[civil rights]] legislation, and the repeal of the [[Taf...
246: ...arrozzo on Michael R. Gardner, ''Harry Truman and Civil Rights: Moral Courage and Political Risks'']. - Herbert Hoover (27123 bytes)
146: The President expanded civil service protection, cancelled private oil leases ... - Franklin D. Roosevelt (74009 bytes)
22: ...ing [[World War II]] and his failure to advance [[civil rights]] for [[African Americans]]. Some conserva...
89: ...; the [[Works Progress Administration]] and the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] to hire millions of unemp...
148: ...sidential election. A fight for Japanese-American civil rights would have meant a fight with influential ...
150: ==Civil rights and refugees==
154: ... good-natured, children. He did little to advance civil rights, despite prodding from Eleanor and liberal... - National Football League (30340 bytes)
122: ...sed to sign black players until threatened with [[civil rights]] legal action by the [[John F. Kennedy|Ke... - Aaron Burr (20716 bytes)
51: ...ited States could have fallen into a full-scale [[civil war]]. - Benedict Arnold (11750 bytes)
25: ...on [[June 1]], [[1779]], because of disputes with civil authorities. He was cleared of all except minor c... - USS Monitor (7466 bytes)
33: ...]] on [[March 9]], [[1862]] during the [[American Civil War]], in which ''Monitor'' fought the ironclad [...
49: ...d deep-sea monitors, and they played key roles in Civil War battles on the Mississippi and James rivers. ...
77: * [http://www.multied.com/Navy/cwnavalhistory/ Civil War Naval History] - James K. Polk (27988 bytes)
86: ...vents of the 1850s, contributed to the [[American Civil War]], which began in 1861. - Bahrain (16123 bytes)
65: ...ization of Delmon that was linked to the Sumerian Civilization in the third millennium BC. Bahrain also b...
84: The new king has worked to improve civil rights and increase democratic reforms. Municipa... - History of India (31279 bytes)
5: ...0 years ago and developed into the [[Indus Valley Civilization]], which peaked between the [[26th century...
32: ...gery and oceanographic studies, suggests that the civilisation flourished even as far back as the [[9000 ...
34: ==Indus Valley Civilisation==
36: ...], [[Gujarat]], and northern [[Afghanistan]]. The civilization is noted for its cities built of brick. Th...
38: ...throughout India's history, and were vital to the civilizations throughout the Indus. - Julius Caesar (50670 bytes)
4: ...s of March]] was the catalyst for a second set of civil wars, which marked the end of the [[Roman Republi...
13: ...faction against [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla]] led to civil war and eventually opened the way to Sulla's dict...
15: Thus, when Sulla emerged as the winner of this civil war and began his program of proscriptions, Caesa...
78: ==Civil War==
86: ...r from his province into Italy, thus starting the civil war. Despite having two legions to Caesar’s... - Pompey (25785 bytes)
3: ...[[Roman Republic]], was defeated in the ensuing [[civil war]] and ultimately was murdered by [[Ptolemy XI...
8: ...first with [[Marius]], then with [[Sulla]] in the civil wars of 88-87 BC. At age 17, Pompey was fully inv...
57: ...lius Clodius and other factions were building and civil unrest was becoming endemic.
66: ==Civil War== - Caesar Augustus (50559 bytes)
3: ...tion on the [[Ides of March]]. After the years of civil war that followed, Octavian would defeat such ene...
5: ...t]] for more than 40 years. He ended a century of civil wars and gave Rome an era of peace, prosperity, a...
21: ...oundation, and plunge it into another devastating civil war. But no Roman was as profoundly effected as h...
46: ==Civil War==
96: The civil war between Antony and Octavian seemed assured of... - Architectural history (13369 bytes)
33: ...over human affairs, the living rituals of ancient civilizations had become inscribed in space, in the pat...
43: ...ger [[hospital|hospitals]] and academies. General civil construction such as roads and bridges began to b...
57: ...ous values that made up the space of all previous civilisations. The ramifications of this can be seen in... - Aviator (3951 bytes)
8: ...vil Aviation Authority]] controls the issuance of civilian pilot licenses/certificates in the [[United Ki... - Aircraft (13315 bytes)
79: ..., reconnaissance, transport, and training), and [[civil aviation]], which includes all uses of airplanes ...
82: ...s were used for observation during the [[American Civil War]] and [[World War I]], and gliders were used ...
92: =====Civil aviation=====
93: ...gory, ranging from recreational balloon flying to civilian flight training to business trips to firefight... - Helicopter (20080 bytes)
9: ...rescue|air/sea/mountain rescue]]), [[police]] and civilian surveillance, carrying goods (some helicopters...
55: ...estland Scout|Scout]] AH.1 (XV134), now on the UK Civil Register.]] - History of rail transport (7056 bytes)
9: ...[plateways]]. In the late 18th century, English [[civil engineer]] [[William Jessop]] designed edged rail... - African American (19830 bytes)
15: ... States of America]] which lead to the [[American Civil War]] ([[1861]] - [[1865]]).
17: ... hold public office, as well as a number of other civil rights they previously had been denied. However, ...
21: ... was the major, opening salvo of the modern-day [[Civil Rights Movement]]. It was part of a long-term st...
26: ...oved their social and economic standing since the Civil Rights Movement, and recent [[decade]]s have witn... - Adolf Hitler (51456 bytes)
47: ...ike many other German nationalists, Hitler blamed civilian politicians (the "[[November criminals]]") for...
86: ... for it), the [[Reichstag Fire Decree]] suspended civil liberties. Subsequently, in the [[March]] [[1933]...
96: ... greatest expansions of industrial production and civil improvement Germany had ever seen, mostly based o...
98: ...ozens of dams, [[autobahn]]s, railroads and other civil works. Hitler's policies emphasised the importanc...
117: ...g, he grew bolder. In July [[1936]] the [[Spanish Civil War]] began when the military, led by General [[F... - Pirate Ship (44502 bytes)
10: ...f the [[Sea Peoples]] who threatened the [[Aegean civilization|Aegean]] and [[Mediterranean]] in the 13th...
47: ... as [[California]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilization.ca/aborig/haida/havwa01e.html|title=Haida ...
170: ...ssdate=2007-02-18}}</ref> Throughout the American Civil War, [[Confederate privateer]]s successfully hara...
205: ...example is the hijacking of the [[Italy|Italian]] civilian passenger ship ''[[Achille Lauro]]'', which is... - Jean Lafitte (3700 bytes)
17: ...d the final resting place for soldiers from the [[Civil War]], [[Spanish-American War]], [[World War I|Wo... - Francis Drake (14963 bytes)
2: ... [[politics|politician]], and [[Civil engineering|civil engineer]] of the [[Elizabethan period]]. He was ... - American Revolutionary War (40738 bytes)
108: ...roquois]] Confederacy was eventually plunged into civil war, while other groups, such as the [[Cherokee]]...
129: ...est surrender of U.S. troops until the [[American Civil War]]. With relatively few casualties, Clinton ha...
137: ...riots. The Revolutionary War was in many ways a [[civil war]]; this was especially true in the South.
198: ... American Indians, French and Spanish troops, and civilians. - Battle of the Wilderness (11082 bytes)
1: ...ut the Battle of the Wilderness in the [[American Civil War]]. For the [[French and Indian War]] battle, ...
9: |conflict=[[American Civil War]]
24: ...eld along the Brock Road on the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] army's left flank.
45: ...w his force, which is normally how the loser in a Civil War battle is determined. However, unlike his pre...
113: | Foote, ''Civil War'' - Jefferson Davis (14427 bytes)
3: ...il War]] (also known as the [[Naming the American Civil War|War Between the States]]). - Stonewall Jackson (15247 bytes)
3: ...erica|Confederate]] general during the [[American Civil War]], and was killed during the conflict. Jackso...
34: == American Civil War ==
36: In [[1861]], as the [[American Civil War]] broke out, the [[Confederate Army]] had a l...
57: ... is considered one of the great characters of the Civil War. He was profoundly religious, a deacon in th... - James Longstreet (9732 bytes)
4: ...ne of the foremost [[general]]s of the [[American Civil War]], and later enjoyed a successful post-war ca...
8: ...onfederate States of America|Confederacy]] in the Civil War. - Belle Boyd (1031 bytes)
2: ...vil War spies|Confederate spy]] in the [[American Civil War]]. She operated from her father's hotel in [...
6: *[http://www.civilwarhome.com/boydbio.htm Civil War Home: Belle Boyd]
9: *[http://www.bchs.org/civilwar.html Civil War Discovery Trail Belle Boyd] - Henry Morton Stanley (3669 bytes)
7: ...ilitary service with both sides in the [[American Civil War]], Stanley became a journalist, arriving on t... - Hernan Cortes (17441 bytes)
44: ...s ever saw it), bringing stability and surprising civil rights to the country. He kept his explorations a... - March 17 (9666 bytes)
53: *[[1912]] - [[Bayard Rustin]], civil rights activist (d. [[1987]])
62: *1933 - [[Myrlie Evers-Williams]], civil rights activist - March 18 (10594 bytes)
13: *[[1865]] - [[American Civil War]]: The Congress of the [[Confederate States o...
20: ...i]] is sentenced to six years in [[prison]] for [[civil disobedience]]. He would serve only 2 years.
23: *[[1937]] - [[Spanish Civil War]]: [[Spain|Spanish]] Republican forces hand t... - March 19 (9902 bytes)
10: *[[1865]] - [[American Civil War]]: The [[Battle of Bentonville]] begins. By t...
94: *[[1939]] - [[Lloyd L. Gaines]], civil rights activist (b. ca. [[1913]])
107: *[[1989]] - [[Alan Civil]], English [[French horn]] player (b. [[1929]]) - March 21 (10586 bytes)
9: ...ode Napol鯮]] was adopted as [[France|French]] [[civil law]].
23: ... on the start of the 3rd and finally successful [[Civil Rights]] March from [[Selma]] to [[Montgomery]] [... - Richmond, Virginia (20197 bytes)
48: ... [[Virginia]] in [[1780]]. During the [[American Civil War]], Richmond was the capital of the [[Confeder... - Montgomery, Alabama (5329 bytes)
31: ...[[December 1]], [[1955]], [[Rosa Parks]] became a civil rights heroine in the city by refusing to give up... - Little Rock, Arkansas (9366 bytes)
62: ...ock historically was involved with the [[American Civil Rights Movement]], when [[Little Rock Central Hig... - Atlanta, Georgia (39442 bytes)
24: ...entury]], Atlanta was a center for the [[American Civil Rights Movement]] and served as the host city for...
26: ..."The Phoenix City", relates to its rise after the Civil War. The [[phoenix]] appears in many of Atlanta'...
36: ... The fall of Atlanta was a critical point in the Civil War, giving the North more confidence, and leadin...
45: ...ng center of the [[American civil rights movement|civil rights movement]], with Dr. [[Martin Luther King]...
131: ...r. National Historic Site]]. Meetings with other civil rights leaders, including Hosea Williams and curr... - Honolulu, Hawaii (19495 bytes)
55: ... of governance overseeing all municipal services: civil defense, emergency medical, fire, parks and recre... - Indianapolis, Indiana (25903 bytes)
39: ...napolis would witness an historic moment in the [[Civil Rights Movement]]. On April 4, [[1968]], while o... - Topeka, Kansas (10234 bytes)
39: ...nd the ensuing period of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] slowed the growth of Topeka and the state, ... - Baton Rouge, Louisiana (4998 bytes)
37: ...s moved back to New Orleans during the [[American Civil War]], and then returned to Baton Rouge in [[1882... - Annapolis, Maryland (7226 bytes)
38: ...rmerly a Maryland lawyer who won many important [[civil rights]] cases. - Jackson, Mississippi (21073 bytes)
33: ...h of the city in the decades after the [[American Civil War]].
49: On [[May 24]], [[1961]] during the [[American civil rights movement]], a large group of [[Freedom Rid...
51: ... shortly after midnight on [[June 12]], [[1963]], civil rights activist and leader of the Mississippi cha...
65: ...ntil the [[1970s]], after the turbulence of the [[Civil Rights Movement]].
231: ...Airport in honor of slain [[Civil Rights Movement|civil rights]] leader and field secretary for the Missi... - Helena, Montana (6927 bytes)
61: * [[William F. Wheeler]], [[U.S. Marshal]], Civil War officer, Minnesota territorial Librarian and ... - Lincoln, Nebraska (9126 bytes)
43: ...s named after the leader of the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] cause. The ploy did not work, as La...
60: ...Nebraskans who served in the [[American Civil War|Civil]] and [[Spanish-American War]]s; the 751 Nebraska... - Salt Lake City, Utah (41550 bytes)
20: ...intain [[Union]] allegiance during the [[American Civil War]]. Many area leaders were imprisoned at the t... - Politics of Russia (78325 bytes)
34: ...e legislature, Russia came the closest to serious civil conflict since the revolution of 1917.]]
97: ... ensure the rule of law and respect for human and civil rights; protect property; and take measures again...
116: ...sions was passage of the first two parts of a new civil code, desperately needed to update antiquated Sov...
158: ...f significant laws, and he noted with relief the "civil" resolution of the June 1995 no-confidence confli...
164: ...t against crime and corruption, the protection of civil and human rights, and the general ascendancy of t... - Sweden (27111 bytes)
98: ...onstitution of 1809|the latter]] granting several civil liberties. The monarch remains as the formal, but... - Malta (18511 bytes)
69: ...rehistoric civilization existed on the islands, a civilization which predated the Pyramids of Giza by a m...
86: ...hat it led the country to an escalating spiral of civil strife, which peaked in 1981 – Due to these... - Politics of Malta (9667 bytes)
8: ...urt of appeal hears appeals from decisions of the civil court and of the commercial court. The court of c...
54: ...ws of Malta based on English common law and Roman civil law; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, wi... - History of Slovakia (43199 bytes)
19: ...fter the disappearance of the Cakany and Velatice civilizations, it was the [[Lusatian]] people who expan...
182: ...rella group championing bureaucratic reform and [[civil liberties]]. Its leader was the dissident playwri... - Vatican City (21873 bytes)
83: ...y See through the [[Roman Curia]] and the [[Papal Civil Service]]. The Roman Curia consists of the [[Secr...
133: ...ative Committee]] (AALCC) and the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] (ICAO). - List of hobbies (5016 bytes)
128: * [[Model aircraft]] -- civil and military
137: * [[Ship model|Model ships]] -- civil and military - Mahatma Gandhi (35350 bytes)
15: By means of non-violent [[civil disobedience]], Gandhi helped bring about India's...
20: ...and of philosophers and poets, the very centre of civilization."
27: ==Civil rights movement in South Africa==
35: ...tivist were when the concepts and techniques of [[civil disobedience]] and non-violent resistance were de...
42: ... his work, Gandhi called off the campaign of mass civil disobedience. Now vulnerable, Gandhi was arreste... - Thomas Hobbes (26163 bytes)
22: ...olitical doctrine was not shaped by the [[English Civil War]].
28: ==Civil war in England==
30: The [[English Civil War]] broke out in [[1642]], and when the Royalis...
34: ...ressure of human needs to its dissolution through civil strife proceeding from human passions. The work w...
36: ...m and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiastical and Civil]]'', with a famous frontpiece in which, from behi... - Rail transport (15539 bytes)
49: ...h century]] iron rails began to appear: British [[civil engineer]] [[William Jessop]] designed edge rails... - History of Christianity (35391 bytes)
29: ...]s was appointed to proselytize the [[Hellenistic civilization|Hellenistic]] Jews. In Acts 10:44ff Peter ...
275: *The [[English Civil War]] - July 24 (8660 bytes)
10: *[[1864]] - [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Kernstown]] - [[Confederate St...
11: ... [[United States|Union]] following the [[American Civil War]]. - Yellowstone National Park (23738 bytes)
39: ...er due to heavy snows. The intervening [[American Civil War]] stopped all attempts to explore the region ...
51: ... steward of the park until control was given to a civilian corps of rangers under the newly-created [[Nat... - New Deal (82408 bytes)
7: ...ion]] (FERA) work relief program, and added the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] (CCC), [[Public Works Adm...
46: ...e fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization."
71: ... the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] (CCC), the [[Civil Works Administration]] (CWA), the [[Federal Emerg...
148: ... many African American historians insist that the Civil Rights movement owed everything to black activist...
163: ... conscription and removal of soldiers, meant that civilian unemployment plummeted—from 14% in 1940 ... - United States House of Representatives (41197 bytes)
11: ...r issues persisted until the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] ([[1861]]–[[1865]]), which began soon...
13: ...ricans associated with the Union's victory in the Civil War. Reconstruction ended in about [[1877]]; the ...
29: ...rate]] [[secession]], which led to the [[American Civil War]]. In [[1980]], [[Michael Myers (politician)|...
36: ...e into force soon after the end of the [[American Civil War]], was intended to prevent those who sided wi... - Republican Party (United States) (31573 bytes)
20: ...834 but was defunct by the time of the [[American Civil War]].
48: With the end of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] came the upheavals of [[Reconstruction]] un...
60: ... to national Democratic Party's support for the [[Civil Rights Movement]]. The remaining pockets of libe...
70: ...Iraq]]. This marked just the third time since the Civil War that the party in control of the White House ... - List of national anthems (17969 bytes)
155: |[[Denmark]]||Civil: [[Der er et Yndigt Land]] (There is a Lovely Lan...
500: |[[Sweden]]||Civil: [[Du gamla, Du fria]] (Thou ancient, Thou free, ...
518: |[[Thailand]]||Civil: [[Phleng Chat]] — Royal: [[Phleng Sansasoe... - Inca Empire (25571 bytes)
11: ... emperor, but can also refer to the people or the civilization, and is used as an adjective when referrin...
76: ...leadership at all levels the Inca established a [[civil service]] system. Boys at age of 13 and girls at ...
78: ...n might pass the exam as adolescents to enter the civil service. Although workers were considered the low...
94: ... terraced agriculture that the previous [[Huari]] civilization had popularized. But they did not use the ...
143: ...ough [[El Ni years in style while neighboring civilizations suffered. - Literature (25676 bytes)
78: ...man civil law]] as codified in the [[Corpus Juris Civilis]] during the reign of [[Justinian I]] of the [[... - Law (13360 bytes)
9: ...l disputes, whether with another private party ([[civil law]]) or with the government (often involving [[...
17: ...of legal rules; within [[civil law (legal system)|civil law]] jurisdictions, rulings do not constitute ''...
36: ...ike. This is sometimes seen as a subcategory of [[civil law]] and sometimes called [[public law]] as it d...
42: *[[Civil law]], not to be confused with the civil legal system, has several meanings:
43: **[[civil law|Secular law]] is the legal system of a [[non-... - Jury (14851 bytes)
26: ... whereby both the prosecution (or plaintiff, in a civil case) and defense can object to a juror. In [[com...
65: ...., juries are used in both [[criminal law]] and [[civil law]] trials, though they are quite different.
71: ... explicitly protects the right to a jury trial in civil cases tried in the [[United States District Court... - Jury trial (20452 bytes)
3: ...ction]]s. However some [[Civil law (legal system)|civil law]] jurisdictions also involve juries or [[lay ...
21: ...ry trial at the state level for both criminal and civil matters and a grand jury for serious cases.
27: ...nited States]], jury trials are available in both civil and criminal cases.
70: ===Civil trial procedure===
72: ...-criminal actions and should not be confused with Civil law jurisdictions.'' - Politics of Iran (8863 bytes)
10: ... 1999 as part of President Khatami's concept of a civil society at the grassroots level. 905 [[City and V... - Persian Empire (26229 bytes)
23: ...ersia united people and kingdoms from every major civilization of a vast region. For the first time, peo...
65: ... Kavadh II. After a defeat at Nineveh in [[642]], civil war broke out and the king was assassinated. The ...
77: ...y. Their rule ushered in a golden age of Islamic civilization. By that time, Iranians had come to domina...
79: ...s, carried the torch of the world's most advanced civilizations for hundreds of years. [[List of Iranian ... - Pergamon (4084 bytes)
11: ... the second best [[library]] in the ancient Greek civilisation, after [[Alexandria, Egypt|Alexandria]]. ...
13: ...equeathed Pergamum to Rome, in order to prevent a civil war. - Martin Luther (43050 bytes)
19: ... father was determined to see his son ascend to [[civil service]] and bring further honor to the family. ...
110: ...it man ihr Gehorsam schuldig sei</cite>, that the civil authority could enact no laws for the soul, herei... - Cherokee (38956 bytes)
22: ... were one of the tribes referred to as the [[Five Civilized Tribes]].
97: ... Civil War]]. The Cherokees were one of the five "civilized tribes" that concluded treaties with, and wer...
101: ...es to capitulate in both theaters of the American Civil War.
128: ...ion and who were adopted into the tribe after the Civil War, are now eligible for membership as Cherokee ... - Navajo Nation (14007 bytes)
36: ...States. The Navajo government employs hundreds in civil service and administrative jobs. Other Navajo mem... - Time (15299 bytes)
11: ...ted Universal Time]] (UTC) which is the basis for civil time. - Day (6866 bytes)
16: ==Civil Day==
17: For civil purposes, since the middle of the 19th century wh...
19: The present common convention has the civil day start at midnight, which is near the time of ...
22: In order to keep the civil day aligned with the apparent movement of the sun...
24: A civil clock day is typically 86400 [[SI]] [[second]]s l... - Buffalo soldier (5141 bytes)
10: During the Civil War, the US government formed regiments known as ...
17: ...judice from both other members of the US Army and civilians in the areas in which they were stationed and... - Timeline of the French Revolution (9550 bytes)
67: ...13]]: Papal bull, ''[[Cavitas]]'', condemning the Civil Constitution and the [[Declaration of the Rights ... - History of Germany (53864 bytes)
3: ...19th century, they exerted influence upon Western civilization from its very beginnings.
178: ...rough various measures - like the introduction of civil marriage -, but without much success.
233: ...p d'鴡t collapsed, due to lack of support by the civil servants and the officers. Other cities were shak...
289: ... millions of people had been killed, most of them civilians, as the six million Jews murdered in the Holo... - Leone Battista Alberti (5967 bytes)
16: ...ture, painting, music, poetry, drama, philosophy, civil and canon law..." - Cappadocia (7924 bytes)
27: ...that his rule was established ([[63 BC]]). In the civil wars Cappadocia was now for [[Pompey]], now for [... - Mexican-American War (9503 bytes)
39: ...South|American South]] to refer to the [[American Civil War]]).
62: ...ment. [[Henry David Thoreau]] wrote his essay ''[[Civil Disobedience]]'' and refused to pay taxes because...
70: ...the war to be one of the causes of the [[American Civil War]]: "The occupation, separation and annexation... - Livia (5714 bytes)
8: ...ro, her cousin of [[patrician]] status. After the civil war that followed the assassination of [[Julius C... - Christmas (35108 bytes)
19: ...heir ecclesiastic December 25 thus falling on the civil ([[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]]) date of [[Janu... - Kenya (15142 bytes)
99: ...9 to revitalize the reform effort, strengthen the civil service, and curb corruption, but wary donors con... - Daniel Webster (10835 bytes)
43: ...rong and perfect body of the first ages, with the civility and thought of the last.
50: * [[Origins of the American Civil War (2/4)]] - Urban planning (12224 bytes)
6: ...son, the [[Indus Valley Civilization|Indus Valley civilization]] is recognized as having first developed ...
8: ...city planning, developed for military defense and civil convenience. Effectively, many European towns sti... - Democracy (24363 bytes)
32: ...beralism]], where certain culturally subjective [[civil rights|individual rights]] are protected from a s...
33: ...the authority of the government and protects many civil rights
41: *A broadly and deeply entrenched [[civil society]]
68: ...rules of the society must encourage tolerance and civility in public debate. In such a society, the loser...
134: *[[Freedom House]] — scores all nations on civil liberties and political rights - Election (15836 bytes)
23: ...ng rights in the southern United States until the civil rights movement of the [[1960s]]. And finally, in... - Timeline of railway history (5902 bytes)
6: *[[1789]] [[England|English]] [[civil engineer|engineer]] [[William Jessop]] uses flang... - Zachary Taylor (11484 bytes)
54: ...eral in the Grand Army of the Republic during the Civil War. - Slavery (26455 bytes)
73: ...as part of an ongoing [[Second Sudanese Civil War|civil war]].
115: ...nerations which would culminate in the [[American Civil War]]. The fiercest combatants were abolitionists...
130: ... demanded to secede from the Union, launching the Civil War.
136: ...sation of hostilities in the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. Practically, the slaves in many parts of ... - History of Greek and Roman Egypt (25856 bytes)
61: ... There was a series of revolts, both military and civilian, through the 3rd century. Under [[Decius]], in...
72: ... prolonged conflict which at times descended into civil war. Alexandria became the centre of the first gr...
79: ...Another schism in the Church produced a prolonged civil war and alienated Egypt from the Empire. - Stamp Act 1765 (7443 bytes)
11: ...all. To be admitted to the bar or enrolled as a [[Civil law notary|notary]] one would pay a tax of �10 ... - Voltaire (48640 bytes)
183: ...ageous polemicist, who indefatigably fought for [[civil rights]] — the [[right to a fair trial]] an... - Franz Xaver von Baader (10383 bytes)
7: ...dash;1836. In 1838 he opposed the interference in civil matters of the [[Roman Catholic Church]], to whic...
15: ..., are equally objectionable. The ideal state is a civil community ruled by a universal or Catholic church... - Martha Washington (3111 bytes)
8: ...[[Robert E. Lee]] during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], later becoming [[Arlington National Cemete... - Domitian (8530 bytes)
19: ...fects of the [[great fire of Rome]] in 64 and the civil war of 69. Around fifty new buildings were erecte... - Roman law (15349 bytes)
2: ... tables]] (from [[449 BC]]) to the [[Corpus Iuris Civilis | codification]] of Emperor [[Justinian I]] (a...
8: ...s to have been dedicated to [[private law]] and [[civil procedure]].
27: ...actments like the French [[Napoleonic Code | Code civil]].
46: ...ive name of ''Corpus Iuris Civilis'' (body of the civil law).
64: ...sually refered to as [[civil law (legal system) | civil law]] in English-speaking countries. - Woodrow Wilson (31322 bytes)
23: ...United States|South]] in the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. They cared for wounded [[Confederate Stat...
28: ...age in the decades after the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], when [[Congress of the United States|Cong...
75: ...torious for its flagrant violations of American [[civil liberties]].
79: ... "[[White_Movement|White]]" side of the [[Russian civil war]], first monetarily, but later with a naval b... - Rutherford B. Hayes (9651 bytes)
30: ...r honesty dating back to his [[American Civil War|Civil War]] years, when as a major general he had refus... - James A. Garfield (15070 bytes)
35: With the start of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], Garfield enlisted in the [[Union Army]], a...
41: ...ears up through [[1878]]. In the House during the Civil War and the following [[Reconstruction]] Era, he ...
52: ... leader of the "[[Half-Breeds]]," who supported [[civil service]] reform and Hayes's relatively lenient t...
93: ...as instrumental to the passage of the [[Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act]] on [[January 16]], [[1883]]. - Benjamin Harrison (11469 bytes)
28: ...he [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], [[brevet (military)|brevet]]ting as a [[br... - William McKinley (11746 bytes)
27: ...Union Army]], as a private in the [http://www.ohiocivilwar.com/cw23.html Twenty-third Regiment, Ohio Volu... - Theodore Roosevelt (35706 bytes)
50: .... In his term he vigorously sought enforcement of civil service laws and the number of jobs that fell und...
231: ...er pair was [[Douglas MacArthur]] and his father, Civil War hero [[Arthur MacArthur, Jr.|Arthur MacArthur... - William Howard Taft (15237 bytes)
20: ...[Interstate Commerce Commission]], expanded the [[civil service]], and established a better [[United Stat...
27: ...om [[1901]] to [[1903]], Taft served as the first civilian [[Governor-General of the Philippines]]. In [[...
37: ...vings bank and a parcel post system, expanded the civil service and sponsored the enactment of two amendm... - John C. Breckinridge (5870 bytes)
2: ...d a [[Confederate]] [[general]] in the [[American Civil War]].
8: ... America|Confederate]] Army during the [[American Civil War]] as a [[brigadier general]] and soon became ... - Hannibal Hamlin (5219 bytes)
21: ... the Union forces during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. Charles and sister Sarah were present at [... - First Crusade (34670 bytes)
12: ... Great Seljuk, but this empire was split apart by civil war after the death of [[Malik Shah I]] in [[1092... - Ancient Civilizations (5780 bytes)
6: ==Civilizations==
7: The most prominent civilizations of the Ancient Era:
19: *[[Hellenic civilization]] (Greeks)
21: *[[Indus Valley civilization]], unified from 2600 BC - 1900 BC.
33: ==Clipart and Pictures of Ancient Civilizations== - Ancient China (39554 bytes)
1: ...2nd century BC|200 BC]]) strengthened the Chinese civilization. Politically, China alternated between per...
6: ...pecialist craftsmen and administrators: in short, civilization as we know it. In late [[Neolithic]] times...
11: ...d [[Erlitou]] show evidence of a [[Bronze Age]] [[Civilization]] in [[China]].
42: ...mperial China. Under the Han Dynasty, the Chinese civilization made great advances in historiography, art...
141: ....e. stereotyped essay] as the format for imperial civil service exams. - Tobacco (28162 bytes)
80: Prior to the [[American Civil War]], the tobacco grown in the US was almost ent... - Ancient India (31279 bytes)
5: ...0 years ago and developed into the [[Indus Valley Civilization]], which peaked between the [[26th century...
32: ...gery and oceanographic studies, suggests that the civilisation flourished even as far back as the [[9000 ...
34: ==Indus Valley Civilisation==
36: ...], [[Gujarat]], and northern [[Afghanistan]]. The civilization is noted for its cities built of brick. Th...
38: ...throughout India's history, and were vital to the civilizations throughout the Indus. - Ancient Indian science and technology (21581 bytes)
1: ...mechanical]] and [[production]] [[technology]], [[civil engineering]] and [[architecture]], [[shipbuildin...
16: ...], which blossomed to a highly precise science of civil engineering and architecture and found expression...
59: ...[[Bronze Age]] and the [[Iron Age]], to all other civilizations that followed. It is believed that the ba...
87: == Civil engineering & architecture ==
89: ...uring regions. In ancient India, architecture and civil engineering was known as '''sthapatya-kala''', li... - Britain in the Middle Ages (12239 bytes)
48: ...y himself. The conflict escalated to the level of civil war in [[1455]], in what to posterity has been kn... - Germany in the Middle Ages (53864 bytes)
3: ...19th century, they exerted influence upon Western civilization from its very beginnings.
178: ...rough various measures - like the introduction of civil marriage -, but without much success.
233: ...p d'鴡t collapsed, due to lack of support by the civil servants and the officers. Other cities were shak...
289: ... millions of people had been killed, most of them civilians, as the six million Jews murdered in the Holo... - History of Italy during Roman times (5004 bytes)
17: ==Civil Wars (1st century BC)==
19: ...ering the [[Gaul]] (present day [[France]]) won a civil war against [[Pompey]] but was assassinated by se...
29: ...ury]] Roman legions were mostly employed in brief civil wars (e.g. in [[68]], the ''year of the four empe...
33: ...n economic problems, [[barbarian]] incursions and civil wars led to an almost complete disintegration of ... - Massachusetts (31663 bytes)
67: ... each other; and of forming a new Constitution of Civil Government, for Ourselves and Posterity, and devo...
237: ... most data products considers towns to be [[minor civil division]]s, equivalent to townships in other sta... - New York (25691 bytes)
169: ...ew York]] served between the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] and [[World War II]] as a transmitting inte... - United States Declaration of Independence (23184 bytes)
44: ... Concerning the true original, extent, and end of Civil Government." - Culture of Ireland (27885 bytes)
12: ...ip|townsland]] system. In general, a parish was a civil and religious unit with a manor, a village and a ... - Culture of Spain (17671 bytes)
46: ...een almost entirely repressed since the [[Spanish Civil War]]. Spain joined the [[European Union]] in [[1... - Culture of Scotland (11420 bytes)
7: ...d advocates, and the judges of the high court for civil cases are also the judges for the high court for ... - List of U.S. military history events (12126 bytes)
15: *'''[[American Civil War]]''' (1861–1865)
19: *[[Samoan Civil War]] (1898–1899)
28: **[[Polar Bear Expedition]] ([[Russian Civil War]]) (1918–1919)
29: *[[Abraham Lincoln Brigade|Spanish Civil War]] (1936–1938) - Music history of the United States (35788 bytes)
24: ...e freed from [[slavery]] following the [[American Civil War]]. The music of these slaves was primarily A...
26: ...easingly popular, especially after the [[American Civil War]], when black and white soldiers worked toget...
54: ...ephen Foster]] and [[Daniel Emmett]]. During the Civil War, popular ballads were common, some used liber...
113: ...iated with [[hippie]]s and the anti-war movement, civil rights, feminism and environmentalism, parallelin...
122: ...l and funk, influenced by [[Black Power]] and the civil rights movement, that African Americans in [[Harl... - Music of the United States (1940s and 50s) (18910 bytes)
4: ...s]], with the [[Cold War]], [[Vietnam War]] and [[Civil Rights]] causing massive public unrest. Music be...
10: ...which opposed the [[Vietnam War]] and supported [[civil rights]] and other generally leftist causes. Whi... - Theater in the United States (12545 bytes)
26: ...2 people. Then, at the end of the [[United States Civil War]], [[Abraham Lincoln]] [[Abraham_Lincoln#Assa...
30: The Civil War ended much of the prosperity of the South, an... - Architecture (13950 bytes)
10: ...y of buildings and their types increased. General civil construction such as roads and bridges began to b... - History of Ancient Egypt (27975 bytes)
29: ...e views of scholars about the origins of Egyptian civilization. In the late 20th century archaeologists d...
31: ...ants of these people may well have begun Egyptian civilization in the Nile Valley. A recent [[gene|geneti...
84: ... back. Also, trade was established with [[Minoan civilization|Minoan]] [[Crete]].
125: ...he disastrous defeat of this army brought about a civil war which resulted in Apries being replaced by [[...
131: ...tionship between Minoan civilization and Egyptian civilization is debated. The [[Battle of Kadesh]] is am... - United States Republican Party (30737 bytes)
19: ...834 but was defunct by the time of the [[American Civil War]].
47: With the end of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] came the upheavals of [[Reconstruction]] un...
59: ... to national Democratic Party's support for the [[Civil Rights Movement]]. The remaining pockets of libe...
69: ...Iraq]]. This marked just the third time since the Civil War that the party in control of the White House ... - George W. Bush (64926 bytes)
144: ...es]. Several organizations such as the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] have criticized Bush's faith-ba...
148: ... opposed civil unions, and said that the issue of civil unions should be left up to individual [[U.S. sta...
324: ...d midterm election since the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] that the party in control of the White Hous... - Franklin Delano Roosevelt (74009 bytes)
22: ...ing [[World War II]] and his failure to advance [[civil rights]] for [[African Americans]]. Some conserva...
89: ...; the [[Works Progress Administration]] and the [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] to hire millions of unemp...
148: ...sidential election. A fight for Japanese-American civil rights would have meant a fight with influential ...
150: ==Civil rights and refugees==
154: ... good-natured, children. He did little to advance civil rights, despite prodding from Eleanor and liberal... - Holocaust (53541 bytes)
126: * 3.5–6 million other Slavic civilians
133: In [[Italy]] a law from [[1938]] restricted civil liberties of Jews, but after the fall of [[Mussol...
135: ...the roundups of 75,000 Jews. The [[Netherlands]] civilian administration and police participated in the ...
247: ... the Holocaust stands as a reminder that modern, "civilized" nations can engage in the most horrific of o...
250: ... manner of atrocities against both combatants and civilian populations, including extensive use of slave ... - Warren Court (6109 bytes)
2: ...gs, the legal status of [[racial segregation]], [[civil rights]], [[separation of church and state]], and... - Hernán Cortés (42809 bytes)
47: ...ns, he landed in the Yucatan Peninsula in [[Mayan civilization|Mayan]] territory. There, he met [[Jeronim...
79: ...been entrusted in 1535 with the administration of civil affairs, although Cortés still retained military...
87: ...ed to Spain in 1541, hoping to confound his angry civilians, who had brought many lawsuits against him (f...
151: ... does not exaggerate, except in matters of Indian civilization and the numbers of population as implied b... - Wonders of the Ancient World (11560 bytes)
41: === American Society of Civil Engineers ===
43: The [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] compiled a list of wonders of the mod...
44: ...N WONDERS AS COMPILED BY THE "American Society of Civil Engineers"-->
161: | [[Maya civilization|Maya]] [[Maya architecture|ruins]]
266: ...ern wonders compiled by the [[American Society of Civil Engineers]] - Roman economy (23678 bytes)
27: ... to the imagery, especially during the periods of civil war. However, by the middle of the Empire, altho... - Mauryan (48769 bytes)
34: ...Nanda. He also managed to create an atmosphere of civil war in the kingdom, which culminated in the death...
64: ...civilian units, an estimated 100,000 soldiers and civilians were killed in the furious warfare, including...
79: ...utilya]] in the [[Arthashastra]]: a sophisticated civil service governed everything from municipal hygien...
83: ...rk of regional governors and administrators and a civil service provided justice and security for merchan... - 18th century (8231 bytes)
11: ...tures of old empires, especially [[India]], where civil war enabled the British to take control of the en... - 18th century new (49640 bytes)
71: ...0]]: [[Mahmud I]] takes over Ottoman Empire after civilian unrest.
197: ...kuʻaho, plunges [[Tonga]] into half a century of civil war.
523: * [[John Smeaton]], civil engineer and physicist - Padua (12961 bytes)
38: ...zzelino was unseated in [[June]] [[1256]] without civilian bloodshed, thanks to [[Pope Alexander IV]], Pa...
45: ... governed by two Venetian nobles, a podest� for civil and a captain for military affairs; each of these... - Students for a Democratic Society (3884 bytes)
5: ...ntemporary society. It also advocated non-violent civil disobedience as the means by which student youth ...
11: ...t, SDS focused on peaceful efforts to promote the civil rights movement and improve the conditions of the... - American Association for the Advancement of Science (8017 bytes)
7: ...S. The AAAS became dormant during the [[American Civil War]] after their [[August]] [[1861]] meeting in ... - 1901 (12292 bytes)
118: ...]] - [[Donald Bailey|Sir Donald Bailey]], British civil engineer (d. [[1985]]) - Rice (13724 bytes)
77: ...with the loss of slave labor after the [[American Civil War]], and it finally died out just after the tur... - Vote (6234 bytes)
40: ...to confusion, at worst to [[violence]] and even [[civil war]], in the case of political rivals. - Washington, D.C. (43465 bytes)
77: ...til the outbreak of the [[American Civil War|U.S. Civil War]] in [[1861]]. The significant expansion of t... - Igor Stravinsky (26622 bytes)
107: ...[[Theodor Adorno]] calls Stravinsky an acrobat, a civil servant, a tailor's dummy, hebephrenic, psychotic... - Jerusalem (61585 bytes)
32: ... Roman rule, the city was ruined yet again when a civil war accompanied by a [[Great Jewish Revolt|revolt...
80: ... siege was eventually broken, though massacres of civilians occured on both sides, before the [[1948 Arab... - Saint Petersburg (36589 bytes)
140: ... in the [[October Revolution]], and the [[Russian Civil War]] broke out. The city's proximity to anti-re... - Madrid (20882 bytes)
22: ...the [[Second Spanish Republic]] and the [[Spanish Civil War]]. During this war ([[1936]]-[[1939]]) Madrid... - W.E.B. DuBois (740 bytes)
1: ...as an American sociologist, socialist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer a... - Ferdinand von Zeppelin (2659 bytes)
8: ...and participated as an observer in the [[American Civil War]] (from 1863), the [[Austro-Prussian War]] ([...
13: ...as Z1. From [[1909]], zeppelins also were used in civilian aviation. Up until 1914 the German aviation as... - Karl Marx (38076 bytes)
18: ...l social development to date, with an extensive [[civil service]] system, good universities, [[industrial...
25: ...'', mostly a [[critique]] of current notions of [[civil rights]] and political [[emancipation]]. It was i... - Livestock (24677 bytes)
5: ... traced to the beginnings of human [[civilization|civilisation]], when instead of hunting [[wildlife|wild...
15: ...throughout the world since the beginning of human civilisation. Some forms of livestock, such as [[goat]]...
225: ...location. During the period after the [[American Civil War]], the abundance of [[Longhorn cattle]] in [[... - Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (7198 bytes)
8: == Civil War experience ==
10: ...ted States Army]] at the outset of the [[American Civil War]]. He saw much action, from the [[Peninsula C...
12: One Civil War story involving Holmes is well known, but pro... - Assyria (13688 bytes)
52: ...Shamash-shum-ukin]], governor of Babylon, began a civil war in that year that lasted until 648, when Baby... - Bureaucracy (8428 bytes)
15: ...hereditary class of scribes that administered the civil-service bureaucracy.
19: ...present itself by means of the fully standardized civil service examination system, of partial recruitmen...
23: ...;if basically mistakenly—called ''"Weberian civil service"''.
32: ...of bureaucratization (especially in the [[Western civilization]]) - List of aircraft (2955 bytes)
21: * [[List of civil aircraft]] - Judiciary (4660 bytes)
3: *[[Civil law (legal system)|civil law]] jurisdictions, courts interpret the law, bu...
7: ...trative cases, and the [[Court of Cassation]] for civil and criminal cases;
10: ==Differences between civil, socialist and common law==
11: ...is said that [[Justinian]] had the [[Corpus Juris Civilis]] compliled and all other decisions by [[jurist...
13: ...e like their English counterparts. At present in civil law jurisdictions in practice judges interpret th... - Justice (2487 bytes)
14: * [[Social justice|civil justice]] - Social justice (17329 bytes)
9: ...tential to develop into more complex and evolving civilisations. If simple survival is to be transformed ...
29: ...ias), but many of the ideas, sometimes renamed '''civil justice''', have been adopted by those who lie on...
73: *[[civilisation]] - Court (2910 bytes)
3: ...udicate]] disputes, and to dispense [[private law|civil]], labour, administrative and [[criminal justice...
19: ==Civil law courts==
20: In most [[civil law]] jurisdictions, courts function under an [[i...
22: courts operate: [[civil procedure]] for private disputes (for example); - Jurist (1660 bytes)
11: * [[civil law notary]] - Barrister (15976 bytes)
51: ...cticing before the courts, and [[civil law notary|civil law notaries]] or ''les notaires'' limited to mos... - Judge (10187 bytes)
17: ...]] of [[justice]] under the applicable rules of [[civil procedure]].
21: ...rained or not – having an individual vote. Civil cases, however, are heard exclusively by legally ...
23: ... common law jurisdictions retain the jury system, civil law has often abandoned the jury in favor of a ju... - Lawyer (33471 bytes)
2: ...e", "attorney", "[[barrister]]", "counsellor", "[[civil law notary]]" and "[[solicitor]]"—and many ...
8: ...) performed by other professionals, such as the [[civil law notary]] or even by non-professionals.
155: ... seeks to further the interests of legal justice, civil liberty and the legal profession itself. Members...
159: ...e based on [[Civil law (legal system)|continental civil law]], the situation in [[Europe]] is quite diffe...
177: ...(''notariusz''): whose job consists of mixture of civil law notary and notary public duties; - Inclined plane (3213 bytes)
6: In [[civil engineering]] the [[slope]] or [[ratio]] of rise/... - Articles of Confederation (19574 bytes)
92: ...2]] [[Nullification crisis]], the [[United States Civil War]], and the [[Supreme Court]]'s landmark ''[[B... - U.S. presidential election, 1988 (11192 bytes)
16: * [[Jesse Jackson|the Rev. Jesse L. Jackson]], [[civil rights]] activist
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