December 31

From Academic Kids

December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. It is the final day of the Gregorian year.

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Contents

1 Events

2 Births

3 Deaths

4 Holidays and observances

5 External links

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Events

406 - Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
1600 - British East India Company is chartered.
1687 - The first Huguenots set sail from France to the Cape of Good Hope.
1695 - A window tax is imposed in England, causing many shopkeepers to brick up their windows to avoid the tax.
1775 - American Revolutionary War: British forces repulse an attack by Continental Army generals Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold at the Battle of Quebec.
1857 - Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa, Ontario, as the capital of Canada
1862 - American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln signs an act that admits West Virginia to the Union (thus dividing Virginia in two); meanwhile, the Battle of Stones River is fought near Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
1879 - Thomas Edison demonstrates incandescent lighting to the public for the first time (Menlo Park, New Jersey).
1904 - The first New Year's Eve celebration is held in Times Square, then known as Longacre Square, in New York, New York.
1916 - The Hampton Terrace Hotel in North Augusta, South Carolina, one of the largest and most luxurious hotels in the USA at the time, burns to the ground.
1929 - Guy Lombardo plays Auld Lang Syne for the first time
1944 - World War II: Hungary declares war on Germany
1946 - President Harry Truman officially proclaims an end of hostilities in World War II.
1955 - General Motors becomes the first American corporation to make over USD $1 billion in a year.
1960 - The farthing coin, used in Britain since the 13th century, ceases to be legal tender.
1961 - The Marshall Plan expires after distributing more than USD $12 billion in foreign aid to rebuild Europe.
1963 - Central African Federation officially collapsed, and eventually became Zambia, Malawi and Rhodesia.
1968 - Marien Ngouabi assumed the presidency of the Republic of the Congo.
1972 - Roberto Clemente died in a plane crash en route to deliver aid to earthquake victims in Nicaragua.
1983 - The last day that the AT&T Bell System exists before being broken up by the United States Government.
1986 - A fire at the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico, kills 97 and injures 140.
1988 - Mario Lemieux of the Pittsburgh Penguins becomes the first player in National Hockey League history to score one goal of each type in a single hockey game: a even-strength goal, a power-play goal, a short-handed goal, a penalty shot, and an empty-net goal.
1990 - Russian Garry Kasparov holds his title by winning the World Chess Championship match against his countryman Anatoly Karpov.
1991 - The Soviet Union officially dissolves.
1992 - In the last of the great ITV franchise renewals, Thames Television, Television South West and Television South cease broadcasting, replaced by Carlton Television, Westcountry Television and Meridian Television respectively.
1995 - The publication of the last new Calvin and Hobbes cartoon strip.
1999 - Boris Yeltsin resigns as President of Russia, to be replaced by Vladimir Putin
1999 - Five hijackers, who had been holding 155 hostages on an Indian Airlines plane, leave the plane with two Islamic clerics that they had demanded be freed.
1999 - The Panama Canal comes completely under Panama's jurisdiction.

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Births

1378 - Pope Callixtus III (d. 1458)
1491 - Jacques Cartier, French explorer (d. 1557)
1514 - Andreas Vesal, physician (d. 1564)
1790 - Antoine Adamberger, actress (d. 1867)
1869 - Henri Matisse, painter and graphic artist (d. 1954)
1880 - George Marshall, recipient of Nobel Prize in Peace 1953 for the Marshall Plan (d. 1959)
1881 - Max Pechstein, painter and graphic artist (d. 1955)
1894 - Pola Negri, Polish actress (d. 1987)
1903 - Nathan Milstein, Ukrainian violinist (d. 1992)
1905 - Jule Styne, composer (d. 1994)
1908 - Simon Wiesenthal, concentration camp survivor, activist
1910 - Carl Dudley, American movie director (died 1973)
1919 - Tommy Byrne, Major League Baseball player
1920 - Rex Allen, actor, singer (d. 1999)
1930 - Odetta, singer
1932 - Mildred Scheel, physician, founder of Deutsche Krebshilfe (d. 1985)
1932 - George Schlatter, television producer
1937 - Avram Hershko, Israeli biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1937 - Anthony Hopkins, actor
1938 - Rosalind Cash
1941 - Alex Ferguson, football player and manager
1943 - John Denver, country/pop musician (d. 1997)
1943 - Ben Kingsley, actor
1945 - Taylor Hackford, producer, director
1945 - Diane von F�rstenberg, fashion designer
1947 - Burton Cummings, musician ("The Guess Who")
1947 - Tim Matheson, actor
1948 - Donna Summer, singer
1951 - George Thorogood, musician
1953 - James Remar, American actor
1953 - Jane Badler, American actress
1958 - Bebe Neuwirth, American actress
1959 - Val Kilmer, American actor
1960 - John Allen Muhammad, convicted Beltway sniper
1963 - Scott Ian, lead singer of Anthrax
1971 - Brent Barry, NBA basketball player

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Deaths

192 - Commodus, Roman Emperor (b. 161)
1164 - Margrave Ottokar III of Styria
1194 - Leopold V of Austria (killed at a tournament) (b. 1157)
1384 - John Wyclif, English theologian (b. 1328)
1510 - Bianca Maria Sforza, daughter of Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza of Milan and wife of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
1568 - Shimazu Tadayoshi, Japanese daimyo (b. 1493)
1877 - Gustave Courbet, French painter (b. 1819)
1888 - Samson Raphael Hirsch, rabbi (b. 1888)
1936 - Miguel de Unamuno, Spanish writer, philosopher
1948 - Malcolm Campbell, Grand Prix race car driver (b. 1885)
1969 - George Lewis, jazz musician (b. 1900)
1972 - Roberto Clemente, Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1934)
1980 - Marshall McLuhan, Canadian writer (b. 1911)
1980 - Raoul Walsh, film director
1985 - Rick Nelson, singer (b. 1940)
1990 - Vasili Lazarev, cosmonaut (b. 1928)
1993 - Zviad Gamsakhurdia, scientist and writer, first President of the Republic of Georgia (b. 1939)
1993 - Brandon Teena, murder victim (b. 1972)
1997 - Floyd Cramer, musician
1997 - Michael Kennedy, son of Robert F. Kennedy, killed in a skiing accident on Aspen Mountain in Colorado.
1999 - Sarah Knauss, dies at the age of 119 years - at death, the world's oldest person alive. (b. 1880).
1999 - Elliot Richardson, U.S. politician (b. 1920)
2000 - Alan Cranston, U.S. politician
2000 - Jos� Greco, Spanish Flamenco dancer
2003 - Arthur R. von Hippel German-born American scientist and professor at MIT

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Holidays and observances

The sixth day of Christmas in Western Christianity.
The evening is called New Year's Eve. At 24:00 the beginning of the new year is celebrated, see January 1.
The day and evening are called Hogmanay in Scotland.
Bah�'� Faith - Feast of Sharaf (Honor) - First day of the 16th month of the Bah�'� Calendar

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