April 19
From Academic Kids
April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). There are 256 days remaining.
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Events
- 1012 - Martyrdom of St Alphege in Greenwich, London.
- 1529 - At the Diet of Speyer, a group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities (German: Reichsstadt) protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms, beginning the Protestant movement.
- 1587 - Sir Francis Drake sinks the Spanish fleet in Cádiz Harbor.
- 1713 - With no living male heirs, Emperor Charles VI issues the Pragmatic Sanction to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inherited by his daughter, Maria Theresa.
- 1770 - Captain James Cook first spots Australia.
- 1775 - American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Lexington and Concord – British General Thomas Gage attempts to confiscate American colonists' firearms. The British are driven back to Boston, Massachusetts, thus beginning the American Revolutionary War.
- 1809 - The army of Austria attacks and is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition.
- 1810 - Venezuela achieves home rule: Emparan, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a Junta is installed.
- 1839 - The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom.
- 1861 - American Civil War: A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore, Maryland, attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
- 1892 - Charles Duryea claims to have driven the first automobile in the United States, in Springfield, Massachusetts.
- 1904 - Much of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is destroyed by fire.
- 1909 - Joan of Arc receives beatification.
- 1919 - Leslie Irvin of the United States makes the first successful parachute jump and free fall.
- 1927 - Mae West is sentenced to 10 days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex.
- 1928 - The 125th and final fascicle of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.
- 1933 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt announces that the United States will be abandoning the gold standard.
- 1934 - Shirley Temple debuts in Stand Up and Cheer.
- 1938 - RCA–NBC begins regular television broadcasts.
- 1943 - World War II: In Poland, German troops enter the Warsaw ghetto to round up the remaining Jews, beginning the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
- 1943 - Bicycle Day – Swiss chemist Dr. Albert Hofmann deliberately takes LSD for the first time.
- 1950 - Argentina becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
- 1951 - General Douglas MacArthur retires from the military.
- 1956 - Actress Grace Kelly marries Rainier III of Monaco.
- 1960 - Students in South Korea hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against their president Syngman Rhee, eventually forcing him to resign.
- 1961 - The Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba ends in failure.
- 1971 - Sierra Leone becomes a republic, and Siaka Stevens the president.
- 1971 - Vietnam War: Vietnam Veterans Against the War begin a five-day demonstration in Washington, DC.
- 1971 - Charles Manson is sentenced to life in prison for the Sharon Tate murders.
- 1971 - Launch of Salyut 1, first human-made space station.
- 1978 - Lagumot Harris is elected President of Nauru.
- 1980 - In The Hague, Netherlands, Johnny Logan wins the twenty-fifth Eurovision Song Contest for Ireland singing "What's Another Year".
- 1989 - A gun turret explodes on the USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.
- 1989 - Trisha Meili, the "Central Park Jogger" is raped.
- 1993 - The 50-day siege of the Branch Davidian building outside Waco, Texas, USA, ends when a fire breaks out. Eighty-one people die.
- 1995 - Oklahoma City bombing: The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, is bombed, killing 168.
- 1999 - The German Bundestag returns to Berlin.
- 2000 - An Air Philippines Boeing 737-200 crashes near Davao International Airport, killing 131.
- 2005 - Joseph Ratzinger elected Pope Benedict XVI on the second day of the Papal conclave.
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Births
- 1320 - King Peter I of Portugal (d. 1367)
- 1721 - Roger Sherman, signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence (d. 1793)
- 1721 - Thomas McKean, signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence (d. 1817)
- 1832 - José Echegaray y Eizaguirre, Spanish writer (d. 1916)
- 1883 - Richard von Mises, mathematician (d. 1953)
- 1892 - Germaine Tailleferre, French composer (d. 1983)
- 1897 - Constance Talmadge, actress (d. 1973)
- 1899 - George O'Brien, American actor (d. 1985)
- 1900 - Richard Hughes, novelist (d. 1976)
- 1903 - Eliot Ness, American lawman (d. 1957)
- 1912 - Glenn Seaborg, American chemist, Nobel Prize winner (d. 1999)
- 1925 - Hugh O'Brian, American actor
- 1928 - Alexis Korner, musician (d. 1984)
- 1930 - Dick Sargent, actor (d. 1994)
- 1933 - Jayne Mansfield, American actress (d. 1967)
- 1933 - Dickie Bird, cricket umpire
- 1935 - Dudley Moore, actor, musician, comedian, composer (d. 2002)
- 1937 - Elinor Donahue, American actress
- 1937 - Joseph Estrada, actor and President of the Philippines
- 1944 - Bernie Worrell, keyboardist (P Funk)
- 1946 - Tim Curry, British actor
- 1947 - Murray Perahia, American pianist
- 1949 - Paloma Picasso, Spanish painter
- 1952 - Alexis Arguello, boxer
- 1953 - Ruby Wax, British television personality
- 1960 - Frank Viola, baseball player
- 1960 - Roger Merrett, Australian rules footballer
- 1962 - Al Unser, Jr., race car driver
- 1965 - Suge Knight, record producer
- 1967 - Steven H Silver, science fiction editor
- 1967 - Dar Williams, American musician and songwriter
- 1968 - Ashley Judd, actress
- 1970 - Kelly Holmes, athlete
- 1970 - Luis Miguel, singer
- 1972 - Rivaldo, footballer
- 1978 - James Franco, American actor
- 1979 - Kate Hudson, actress
- 1981 - Hayden Christensen, actor
- 1981 - Catalina Sandino Moreno, actress
- 1987 - Maria Sharapova, Russian tennis player
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Deaths
- 1012 - Alphege, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 954)
- 1054 - Pope Leo IX (b. 1002)
- 1390 - King Robert II of Scotland (b. 1316)
- 1578 - Uesugi Kenshin, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1530)
- 1632 - King Sigismund I of Sweden (b. 1561)
- 1689 - Queen Christina of Sweden (b. 1626)
- 1768 - Canaletto, Italian artist (b. 1697)
- 1813 - Benjamin Rush, physician, activist (b. 1745)
- 1824 - George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, English poet (b. 1788)
- 1881 - Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1804)
- 1882 - Charles Darwin, English biologist (b. 1809)
- 1906 - Pierre Curie, French physicist (b. 1859)
- 1914 - Charles Sanders Peirce, (b. 1839)
- 1926 - Alexander Alexandrovich Chuprov, Russian statistician (b. 1874)
- 1930 - Georges-Casimir Dessaulles, Canadian senator (b. 1827)
- 1937 - William Martin Conway, British art critic and mountaineer (b. 1856)
- 1949 - Ulrich Salchow, Swedish figure skater (b. 1877)
- 1958 - Robert Bentley, comedian and actor
- 1967 - Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
- 1971 - Earl Thomson, Canadian athlete (b. 1895)
- 1971 - Russ Hodges, American sports broadcaster
- 1973 - Hans Kelsen, Austrian-American legal theorist
- 1974 - Ayub Khan, President of Pakistan (b. 1907)
- 1975 - Percy L. Julian, chemist (b. 1899)
- 1986 - Alvin Childress, American actor
- 1987 - Maxwell D. Taylor, general, diplomat (b. 1901)
- 1987 - Hugh Brannum, American actor
- 1989 - Daphne du Maurier, author (b. 1907)
- 1992 - Frankie Howerd, comedian, actor (b. 1917)
- 1993 - David Koresh, American cult leader (b. 1959)
- 1998 - Octavio Paz, Mexican writer and diplomat, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (b. 1914)
- 2004 - Norris McWhirter, British writer, television presenter, activist
- 2005 - Ruth Hussey, American actress (b. 1911)
- 2005 - Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen, Danish jazz bassist (b. 1946)
- 2005 - Bryan Ottoson, Rock Musician, (b. 1978)
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Holidays and observances
- Patriots Day (Massachusetts, Maine, and Wisconsin, USA)
- Declaration of Independence Day (Venezuela)
- Republic Day (Sierra Leone)
- Landing of the 33 (Uruguay)
- Feast day of the following saints in the Roman Catholic Church:
- Primrose Day (England) – primroses are placed on the statue of Benjamin Disraeli in Parliament Square, London on the anniversary of his death (1881). There was a mistaken idea that the primrose was Lord Beaconsfield's favourite flower, since Queen Victoria sent them to his funeral.
- The Roman holiday of Cerealia ends. (Roman Empire)
- Bicycle Day
- Easter Sunday 1908, 1981, 1987, 1992. In the Gregorian Calendar Easter Sunday falls on 19 April more often than on any other date.
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External links
- BBC: On This Day (http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/19)
- Today in History: April 19 (http://www.tnl.net/when/4/19)
April 18 - April 20 - March 19 - May 19 – listing of all days
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