Timeline of UN peacekeeping missions
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The United Nations has authorized 59 peacekeeping missions as of October of 2004. These do not include interventions authorized by the UN like the Korean War and the Gulf War. The 1990s saw the most UN peacekeeping operations to date.
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1940s
- 1948 UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) authorized in June 1948 is the first UN peacekeeping mission.
- Purpose: To monitor Arab-Israeli ceasefire
- Status: Ongoing
- Purpose: To monitor Arab-Israeli ceasefire
- 1949 UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)
1950s
- 1956 UN Emergency Force I (UNEF I), first armed peacekeepers
- Purpose: To supervise withdrawal of troops from Suez Crisis
- Status: Ended June 1967
- Purpose: To supervise withdrawal of troops from Suez Crisis
- 1958 UN Observation Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL)
- Purpose: To prevent troops and weapons entering Lebanon during crisis
- Status: Ended December 1958
- Purpose: To prevent troops and weapons entering Lebanon during crisis
1960s
- 1960 UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC)
- Purpose: To prevent foreign intervention in and preserve territory of the Congo
- Status: Ended June 1964
- Purpose: To prevent foreign intervention in and preserve territory of the Congo
- 1962 UN Security Force in West New Guinea (West Irian) (UNSF)
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire during transition of West Irian from Dutch rule to Indonesian
- Status: Ended April 1963
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire during transition of West Irian from Dutch rule to Indonesian
- 1963 UN Yemen Observation Mission (UNYOM)
- Purpose: Supervise disengagement of Saudi Arabia and Egypt from Yemen's civil war
- Status: Ended September 1964
- Purpose: Supervise disengagement of Saudi Arabia and Egypt from Yemen's civil war
- 1964 UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)
- 1965 Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic (DOMREP)
- Purpose: Monitor situation caused by rival governments in Dominican Republic
- Status: Ended October 1966
- Purpose: Monitor situation caused by rival governments in Dominican Republic
- 1965 UN India-Pakistan Observation Mission (UNIPOM)
- Purpose: Supervise India-Pakistan ceasefire outside of Kashmir
- Status: Ended March 1966
- Purpose: Supervise India-Pakistan ceasefire outside of Kashmir
1970s
- 1973 UN Emergency Force II (UNEF II)
- Purpose: Supervise withdrawal of forces from Sinai after Egypt, Syria and Israel battle.
- Status: Ended July 1979
- Purpose: Supervise withdrawal of forces from Sinai after Egypt, Syria and Israel battle.
- 1974 UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)
- Purpose: Maintain ceasefire between Syria and Israel in Golan Heights
- Status: Ongoing
- Purpose: Maintain ceasefire between Syria and Israel in Golan Heights
- 1978 UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)
- Purpose: Supervise Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon
- Status: Israeli completed full withdrawal from Lebanon
- Purpose: Keep the international peace and security, and help the Lebanese Government restore its effective authority in the area.
- Status: Ongoing
- Purpose: Supervise Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon
1980s
- 1988 UN Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP)
- Purpose: Enforce Afghanistan and Pakistan from mutual non-interference
- Status: Ended March 1990
- Purpose: Enforce Afghanistan and Pakistan from mutual non-interference
- 1988 UN Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG)
- 1989 UN Angola Verification Mission I (UNAVEM I)
- 1989 UN Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG)
- Purpose: Supervise Namibia's elections and transition to independence
- Status: Ended March 1990
- Purpose: Supervise Namibia's elections and transition to independence
- 1989 UN Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA)
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire in Nicaragua
- Status: Ended January 1992
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire in Nicaragua
1990s
- 1991 UN Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)
- 1991 UN Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II)
- Purpose: Enforce ceasefire in Angolan civil war
- Status: Ended February 1995
- Purpose: Enforce ceasefire in Angolan civil war
- 1991 UN Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)
- Purpose: Enforce ceasefire in El Salvador civil war
- Status: Ended April 1995
- Purpose: Enforce ceasefire in El Salvador civil war
- 1991 UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)
- Purpose: Implement ceasefire and help promote referendum on area's future
- Status: Ongoing
- Purpose: Implement ceasefire and help promote referendum on area's future
- 1991 UN Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC)
- Purpose: Prepare way for UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia
- Status: Ended March 1992
- Purpose: Prepare way for UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia
- 1992 UN Protection Force (UNPROFOR) and (UNPRODEP†)
- Purpose: Protect area of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Republic of Macedonia
- Status: restructured December 1995
- Purpose: Protect area of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Republic of Macedonia
- 1992 UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)
- Purpose: Assist reorganization of Cambodia
- Status: September 1993
- Purpose: Assist reorganization of Cambodia
- 1992 UN Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM I)
- Purpose: Enforce ceasefire, reorganized as Unified Task Force (UNITAF†)
- Status: Replaced March 1993 by UNOSOM II
- Purpose: Enforce ceasefire, reorganized as Unified Task Force (UNITAF†)
- 1992 UN Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ)
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire in Mozambique's civil war
- Status: Ended December 1994
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire in Mozambique's civil war
- 1993 UN Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II)
- Purpose: Stabilize Somalia and assist humanitarian efforts
- Status: Ended March 1995
- Purpose: Stabilize Somalia and assist humanitarian efforts
- 1993 UN Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)
- 1993 UN Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)
- 1993 UN Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL)
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire and elections in Liberia
- Status: Ended September 1997
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire and elections in Liberia
- 1993 UN Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)
- Purpose: Stabilize Haiti after coup overturned
- Status: Ended June 1996
- Purpose: Stabilize Haiti after coup overturned
- 1993 UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR)
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire, and after Rwanda genocide, to promote relief efforts
- Status: Ended March 1996
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire, and after Rwanda genocide, to promote relief efforts
- 1994 UN Aouzou Strip Observer Group (UNASOG)
- Purpose: Monitor Libya's withdrawal from disputed territory given by International Court of Justice to Chad
- Status: Ended June 1994
- Purpose: Monitor Libya's withdrawal from disputed territory given by International Court of Justice to Chad
- 1994 UN Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT)
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire in Tajikistan civil war
- Status: Ended May 2000
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire in Tajikistan civil war
- 1995 UN Angola Verification Mission III (UNAVEM III)
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire and disarmament
- Status: Ends June 1997, but follow-up mission MONUA
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire and disarmament
- 1995 UN Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia (UNCRO)
- Purpose: Attempts to implement ceasefire
- Status: Ended January 1996
- Purpose: Attempts to implement ceasefire
- 1995 UN Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP)
- Purpose: Replaced UNPROFOR in former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and monitored border with Albania.
- Status: Ended February 1999
- Purpose: Replaced UNPROFOR in former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and monitored border with Albania.
- 1995 UN Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH)
- Purpose: Monitor human rights, demining, relief
- Status: Ended 31 December 2002
- Purpose: Monitor human rights, demining, relief
- 1996 UN Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja, and Western Sirmium (UNTAES)
- Purpose: Supervises integration of region into Croatia
- Status: Ended January 1998
- Purpose: Supervises integration of region into Croatia
- 1996 UN Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP)
- Purpose: Monitor demilitarization of the Prevlaka peninsula, Croatia
- Status: Ended December 2002
- Purpose: Monitor demilitarization of the Prevlaka peninsula, Croatia
- 1996 UN Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH)
- Purpose: Modernize police and army of Haiti
- Status: Ended July 1997
- Purpose: Modernize police and army of Haiti
- 1997 UN Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA)
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire in Guatemala's civil war
- Status: Ended May 1997
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire in Guatemala's civil war
- 1997 UN Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA)
- Purpose: Monitoring ceasefire and disarmament
- Status: Ended February 1999
- Purpose: Monitoring ceasefire and disarmament
- 1997 UN Transition Mission in Haiti (UNTMIH)
- Purpose: Help stabilize Haiti
- Status: Ended November 1997
- Purpose: Help stabilize Haiti
- 1997 UN Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH)
- Purpose: Modernize Haiti's police forces
- Status: Ended March 2000
- Purpose: Modernize Haiti's police forces
- 1998 UN Civilian Police Support Group (UNPSG)
- Purpose: Monitor Croatian police
- Status: Ended October 1998
- Purpose: Monitor Croatian police
- 1998 UN Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA)
- Purpose: Maintaining security and stability in Central African Republic
- Status: Ended February 2000
- Purpose: Maintaining security and stability in Central African Republic
- 1998 UN Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL)
- Purpose: Monitor disarmament and demobilization in Sierra Leone
- Status: Ended October 1999
- Purpose: Monitor disarmament and demobilization in Sierra Leone
- 1999 UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK)
- Purpose: Exercise administrative authority, including administration of justice in Kosovo
- Status: Ongoing
- Purpose: Exercise administrative authority, including administration of justice in Kosovo
- 1999 UN Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL)
- Purpose: Help stabilize and disarm Sierra Leone
- Status: Ongoing
- Purpose: Help stabilize and disarm Sierra Leone
- 1999 UN Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET)
- Purpose: Transition East Timor to independence
- Status: Ended May 2002
- Purpose: Transition East Timor to independence
- 1999 UN Organization Mission in Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire in Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Status: Ongoing
- Purpose: Monitor ceasefire in Democratic Republic of the Congo
(† - not counted as separate missions by the UN DPKO, linked below)
2000s
- 2000 UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE)
- 2002 United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET)
- Purpose: Two-year mission while East Timor develops government
- Status: Ongoing
- Purpose: Two-year mission while East Timor develops government
- 2003 United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)
- Purpose: Oversee ceasefire and train national police.
- Status: Ongoing
- Purpose: Oversee ceasefire and train national police.
- 2004 United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)
- Purpose: Facilitate implementation of peace process
- Status: Ongoing
- Purpose: Facilitate implementation of peace process
- 2004 United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)
- Purpose: Return stability to Haiti
- Status: Ongoing
- Purpose: Return stability to Haiti
- 2004 United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB)
- Purpose: To help implement the Arusha accords
- Status: Ongoing
- Purpose: To help implement the Arusha accords
- 2005 United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS)
- Purpose: To support implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, perform certain functions relating to humanitarian assistance, and protection and promotion of human rights
- Status: Ongoing
- Purpose: To support implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, perform certain functions relating to humanitarian assistance, and protection and promotion of human rights
External link
- UN peacekeping website (http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/dpko/timeline/index.html)