Jin Dynasty (1115-1234)
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The Jin Dynasty (金 pinyin: Jīn 1115-1234; Anchu in Jurchen), also known as the Jurchen dynasty, was founded by the Wanyan (完顏 Wányán) clan of the Jurchen, the ancestors of the Manchus who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later. The name is sometimes written as Jinn to differentiate it from an earlier Jin Dynasty of China whose name is spelled identically in the Roman alphabet.
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Founded in 1115 in northern Manchuria, it successively annihilated in 1125 the Liao Dynasty which had held sway over Manchuria and the northern frontier of China for several centuries. On January 9, 1127 Jin forces ransacked Kaifeng, capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, capturing both Emperor Qinzong, and his father, Emperor Huizong, who had abdicated in panic in the face of Jin forces. Following the fall of Kaifeng, Song forces under the leadership of the succeeding Southern Song Dynasty continued to fight for over a decade with Jin forces, eventually signing a peace treaty in 1141, and ceding all of North China to the Jin in 1142 in return for peace.
After taking over North China, the Jin Dynasty became increasingly Sinicized, moving its capital from Huining Fu in northern Manchuria (south of present-day Harbin) to Zhongdu (now Beijing). Starting from the early 13th century the Jin Dynasty began to feel the pressure of Mongols from the north. In 1214 the Jin Dynasty moved its capital to Kaifeng (the old Song capital) to evade the Mongols; but under the forces of the Mongol Empire led by Ögedei Khan, third son of Genghis Khan, as well as their allies in the Southern Song Dynasty, the dynasty crumbled in 1234.
In 1616, Manchus under the leadership of Nurhaci established the Later Jin Dynasty, taking its name from this dynasty. Later Jin was renamed the Qing Dynasty in 1636, and went on to conquer China proper and become the last dynasty of Imperial China.
| Temple Name Miao Hao 廟號 miàohào |
Posthumous Name Shi Hao 諡號 shìhào |
Birth Name 姓名 xìngmíng |
Years of Reign |
Era Name Nian Hao 年號 niánhào and Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convention: "Jin" + temple name or posthumous name | ||||
| Tàizǔ 太祖 |
(1) | Wányán Āgǔdǎ 完顏阿骨打 |
1115-1123 | |
| Tàizōng 太宗 |
(1) | Wányán Wúqǐmǎi 完顏吳乞買 or Wányán (Shèng or Chéng) 完顏晟 |
1123-1134 | Tiānhuì 天會 1123-1134 |
| Xīzōng 熙宗 |
(1) | Wányán Hélá 完顏合剌 or Wányán Dǎn 完顏亶 |
1135-1149 | |
| (2) | Hǎilíngwáng 海陵王 | Wányán Liàng 完顏亮 |
1149-1161 | |
| Shìzōng 世宗 |
(1) | Wányán Yōng 完顏雍 |
1161-1189 | Dàdìng 大定 1161-1189 |
| Zhāngzōng 章宗 |
(1) | Wányán Jǐng 完顏璟 |
1190-1208 | Míngchāng 明昌 1190-1196 |
| (2) | Wèishàowáng 衛紹王 or Wèiwáng 衛王 |
Wányán Yǒngjì 完顏永濟 |
1209-1213 | Dà'ān 大安 1209-1212 |
| Xuānzōng 宣宗 |
(1) | Wányán Xún 完顏珣 |
1213-1223 | Zhēnyòu 貞祐 1213-1217 |
| Āizōng 哀宗 |
(1) | Wányán Shǒuxù 完顏守緒 |
1224-1234 | Zhèngdà 正大 1224-1232 |
| (2) | Mòdì 末帝 |
Wányán Chénglín 完顏承麟 |
1234 | (2) |
(1) Quite long and thus not used when referring to this sovereign.
(2) Did not exist
See also: Puxian Wannude:Jin-Dynastie nl:Jin-dynastie (1115-1234) ja:金 (王朝) fi:Jin-dynastia vi:Nhà Kim zh:金朝