Copley Medal
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The Copley Medal is a scientific award for work in any field of science, the highest award granted by the Royal Society of London. It is also the society's oldest award, the first medal being awarded in 1731.
The award was created after a £100 bequest in 1709 to the Royal Society by Sir Godfrey Copley, a wealthy landowner from Sprotbrough, near Doncaster, South Yorkshire, who was elected to the Society in 1691.
It is one of ten medals that the Society awards (some awards are made annually, others at different intervals according to their terms of reference). The Copley Medal alternates between the physical sciences and the biological sciences, and the winners are selected by Fellows of the Society.
Past laureates are:
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1730
1731 Stephen Gray
1732 Stephen Gray
1734 John Theophilus Desaguliers
1736 John Theophilus Desaguliers
1737 John Belchier
1738 James Valoue
1739 Stephen Hales
1740 Alexander Stuart
1741 John Theophilus Desaguliers
1742 Christopher Middleton
1743 Abraham Trembley
1744 Henry Baker
1745 William Watson
1746 Benjamin Robins
1747 Gowin Knight
1748 James Bradley
1749 John Harrison
1750
1750 George Edwards
1751 John Canton
1752 John Pringle
1753 Benjamin Franklin
1754 William Lewis
1755 John Huxham
1756 Not awarded
1757 Charles Cavendish
1758 John Dollond
1759 John Smeaton
1760 Benjamin Wilson
1761 Not awarded
1762 Not awarded
1763 Not awarded
1764 John Canton
1765 Not awarded
1766 William Brownrigg; Edward Delaval; Henry Cavendish
1767 John Ellis
1768 Peter Woulfe
1769 William Hewson
1770 William Hamilton
1771 Matthew Raper
1772 Joseph Priestley
1773 John Walsh
1774 Not awarded
1775 Nevil Maskelyne
1776 James Cook
1777 John Mudge
1778 Charles Hutton
1779 Not awarded
1780 Samuel Vince
1781 William Herschel
1782 Richard Kirwan
1783 John Goodricke; Thomas Hutchins
1784 Edward Waring
1785 William Roy
1786 Not awarded
1787 John Hunter
1788 Charles Blagden
1789 William Morgan
1790 Not awarded
1791 James Rennell; Jean-André Deluc (John Andrew de Luc)
1792 Benjamin Thompson, Count of Rumford
1793 Not awarded
1794 Alessandro Volta
1795 Jesse Ramsden
1796 George Atwood
1797 Not awarded
1798 George Shuckburgh; Evelyn Charles Hatchett
1799 John Hellins
1800
1800 Edward Howard
1801 Astley Paston Cooper
1802 William Hyde Wollaston
1803 Richard Chenevix
1804 Smithson Tennant
1805 Humphry Davy
1806 Thomas Andrew Knight
1807 Everard Home
1808 William Henry
1809 Edward Troughton
1810 not awarded
1811 Benjamin Collins Brodie
1812 not awarded
1813 William Thomas Brande
1814 James Ivory
1815 David Brewster
1816 not awarded
1817 Henry Kater
1818 Robert Seppings
1819 not awarded
1820 Hans Christian Ørsted
1821 Edward Sabine; John Herschel
1822 William Buckland
1823 John Pond
1824 John Brinkley
1825 François Arago; Peter Barlow
1826 James South
1827 William Prout; Henry Foster
1828 not awarded
1829 not awarded
1830 not awarded
1831 George Biddell Airy
1832 Michael Faraday; Simeon Poisson
1833 not awarded
1834 Giovanni Plana
1835 William Snow Harris
1836 Jöns Jakob Berzelius; Francis Kiernan
1837 Antoine César Becquerel; John Frederic Daniell
1838 Carl Friedrich Gauss; Michael Faraday
1839 Robert Brown
1840 Justus Liebig; Jacques Charles François Sturm
1841 Georg Ohm
1842 James MacCullagh
1843 Jean Baptiste Dumas
1844 Carlo Matteucci
1845 Theodor Schwann
1846 Urbain Le Verrier
1847 John Herschel
1848 John Couch Adams
1849 Roderick Murchison
1850
1850 Peter Andreas Hansen
1851 Richard Owen
1852 Alexander von Humboldt
1853 Heinrich Wilhelm Dove
1854 Johannes Peter Müller
1855 Léon Foucault
1856 Henry Milne-Edwards
1857 Michel Eugène Chevreul
1858 Charles Lyell
1859 Wilhelm Weber
1860 Robert Wilhelm Bunsen
1861 Louis Agassiz
1862 Thomas Graham
1863 Adam Sedgwick
1864 Charles Darwin
1865 Michel Chasles
1866 Julius Plücker
1867 Karl Ernst von Baer
1868 Charles Wheatstone
1869 Henri Victor Regnault
1870 James Prescott Joule
1871 Julius Robert von Mayer
1872 Friedrich Woehler
1873 Hermann Helmholtz
1874 Louis Pasteur
1875 August Wilhelm Hofmann
1876 Claude Bernard
1877 James Dwight Dana
1878 Jean Baptiste Boussingault
1879 Rudolf Clausius
1880 James Joseph Sylvester
1881 Karl Adolph Wurtz
1882 Arthur Cayley
1883 William Thomson, Lord Kelvin
1884 Carl Ludwig
1885 Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz
1886 Franz Ernst Neumann
1887 Joseph Dalton Hooker
1888 Thomas Henry Huxley
1889 George Salmon
1890 Simon Newcomb
1891 Stanislao Cannizzaro
1892 Rudolf Virchow
1893 George Gabriel Stokes
1894 Edward Frankland
1895 Karl Weierstrass
1896 Karl Gegenbaur
1897 Albert von Kolliker
1898 William Huggins
1899 Lord Rayleigh
1900
1900 Marcellin Berthelot
1901 Willard Gibbs
1902 Lord Lister
1903 Eduard Suess
1904 William Crookes
1905 Dmitri Mendeleev
1906 Elias Metchnikoff
1907 Albert Abraham Michelson
1908 Alfred Russel Wallace
1909 George William Hill
1910 Francis Galton
1911 George Howard Darwin
1912 Felix Klein
1913 Ray Lankester
1914 Joseph John Thomson
1915 Ivan Pavlov
1916 James Dewar
1917 Emil Roux
1918 Hendrik Lorentz
1919 William Bayliss
1920 Horace Brown
1921 Joseph Larmor
1922 Ernest Rutherford
1923 Horace Lamb
1924 Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
1925 Albert Einstein
1926 Frederick Hopkins
1927 Charles Sherrington
1928 Charles Parsons
1929 Max Planck
1930 William Bragg
1931 Arthur Schuster
1932 George Ellery Hale
1933 Theobald Smith
1934 John Scott Haldane
1935 Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
1936 Arthur Evans
1937 Henry Dale
1938 Niels Bohr
1939 Thomas Hunt Morgan
1940 Paul Langevin
1941 Thomas Lewis
1942 Robert Robinson
1943 Joseph Barcroft
1944 Geoffrey Taylor
1945 Oswald Theodore Avery
1946 Edgar Douglas Adrian
1947 G.H. Hardy
1948 Archibald Vivian Hill
1949 George Charles De Hevesy
1950
1950 James Chadwick
1951 David Keilin
1952 Paul Dirac
1953 Albert Kluyver
1954 Edmund Whittaker
1955 Ronald Fisher
1956 Patrick Blackett
1957 Howard Florey
1958 John Edensor Littlewood
1959 Macfarlane Burnet
1960 Harold Jeffreys
1961 Hans Krebs
1962 Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
1963 Paul Fildes
1964 Sydney Chapman
1965 Alan Hodgkin
1966 William Lawrence Bragg
1967 Bernard Katz
1968 Tadeus Reichstein
1969 Peter Medawar
1970 Alexander Todd
1971 Norman Pirie
1972 Nevill Mott
1973 Andrew Huxley
1974 W.V.D. Hodge
1975 Francis Crick
1976 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
1977 Frederick Sanger
1978 Robert B. Woodward
1979 Max Perutz
1980 Derek Harold Richard Barton
1981 Peter Mitchell
1982 John Cornforth
1983 Rodney Porter
1984 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
1985 Aaron Klug
1986 Rudolph Peierls
1987 Robert Hill
1988 Michael Francis Atiyah
1989 Cesar Milstein
1990 Abdus Salam
1991 Sydney Brenner
1992 George Porter
1993 James D. Watson
1994 Charles Frank
1995 Frank Fenner
1996 Alan Cottrell
1997 Hugh Huxley
1998 James Lighthill
1999 John Maynard Smith
2000
2000 Alan Battersby
2001 Jacques Miller
2002 John Pople
2003 John Gurdon
2004 Harold Kroto
See also
External links
- Royal Society: Copley Medal recipients (http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/page.asp?id=1736)