1580
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| Years: 1577 1578 1579 - 1580 - 1581 1582 1583 | |
| Decades: 1550s 1560s 1570s - 1580s - 1590s 1600s 1610s | |
| Centuries: 15th century - 16th century - 17th century | |
Events
- March 1 - Michel de Montaigne signs the preface to his most significant work, Essays. They are published later the same year.
- June 25 - Publication of the Book of Concord, a collection of Lutheran confessional documents.
- September 26 - Sir Francis Drake circumnavigated the globe
- 1580-1764 First session of Jewish Waad (Sejm of 4 countries) in Lublin, Poland. 70 delegates of Jewish local kahals met to discuss issue of taxations and other important for Jewish communities issues.
- Portugal loses independence to Spain following the death without heirs of king Henry of Portugal. The Habsburg rule would last until 1640.
Births
- April 18 - (baptism) Thomas Middleton, English playwright. (died 1627)
- April 24 - Vincent de Paul, French priest and saint (died 1660)
- June 6 - Godefroy Wendelin, Belgian astronomer (died 1667)
- June 9 - Daniel Heinsius, Dutch scholar (died 1655)
- August 24 - John Taylor, English poet (died 1654)
- September 15 - Charles Annibal Fabrot, French jurisconsult (died 1659)
- September 17 - Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish writer (died 1645)
- December 1 - Nicholas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (died 1637)
- December 4 - Samuel Argall, English adventurer and naval officer (died 1626)
- George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, English politician and coloniser (died 1632)
- John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol, English diplomatist (died 1653)
- George Calvert, English secretary of state (died 1632)
- Philip Cluwer, German geographer and historian (died 1623)
- Edward Fairfax, English translator (died 1635)
- Frans Hals, Dutch painter (died 1666)
- John Smith of Jamestown, Virginia settler (died 1631)
- Zacharias Janssen, Dutch spectacle-maker (died 1638)
- Robert Killigrew, knight of Arwenack in Falmouth (died 1633)
- Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven, Scottish soldier (died 1661)
- Willebrord Snell, Dutch astronomer and mathematician (died 1626)
- Willebrord van Roijen Snell, Dutch mathematician (died 1626)
- Raphael Sobiehrd-Mnishovsky, Bohemian lawyer and writer (died 1644)
- Benjamin de Rohan, duc de Soubise, French Huguenot leader (died 1642)
- Pierre Vernier, French mathematician and instrument inventor (died 1637)
- Krzysztof Zbaraski, Polish nobleman (died 1627)
Deaths
- January 31 - Henry of Portugal, seventeenth King of Portugal (born 1512)
- April 1 - Alonso Mudarra, Spanish composer and vihuelist (born 1510)
- June 10 - Luís de Camões, Portuguese poet (born 1524)
- August 1 - Albrecht Giese IV, Poland (born 1524)
- August 30 - Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (born 1528)
- November 3 - Jeronimo Zurita y Castro, Spanish historian (born 1512)
- November 30 - Richard Farrant, English church composer (born 1530)
- Cristobal Acosta, Portuguese doctor and natural historian (born 1515)
- Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel, English nobleman (born 1511)
- John Heywood, English dramatist (born 1497)
- Giovanni Filippo Ingrassias, Italian anatomist (born 1545)
- Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie, Scottish chronicler
- Bessho Nagaharu, Japanese nobleman
- Zofia Odrowaz, Polish noblewoman (born 1540)
- Andrea Palladio, Italian architect (born 1508)
- Krystyna Radziwill, Polish noblewoman (born 1560)
- Antonio Scandello, Italian composer
- Ruy López de Segura, Spanish priest and writer on chess (born 1530)
- Inés Suárez, Spanish conquistadora (born 1507)
- Thomas Tusser, English poet and farmer (born 1524)af:1580
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