1557
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| Years: 1554 1555 1556 - 1557 - 1558 1559 1560 | |
| Decades: 1520s 1530s 1540s - 1550s - 1560s 1570s 1580s | |
| Centuries: 15th century - 16th century - 17th century | |
Events
- Spain is effectively bankrupt.
- June - Mary I of England joins her husband Philip II of Spain in his war against France.
- August 10 - Battle of St. Quentin - French forces under Marshal Anne de Montmorency are decisively defeated by the Spanish under Duke Emanuel Philibert of Savoy. Montmorency himself is captured, but Philip II refuses to press his advantage, and withdraws to the Netherlands.
- Ozdemir Pasha conquers the Red Sea port of Massawa for the Ottoman Empire
- Emperor Ogimachi ascends to the throne of Japan
Births
- February 11 - John Uijtenbogaert, Dutch theologian
- February 15 - Vittoria Accoramboni, Italian noblewoman, subject of John Webster's drama, The White Devil (died 1585)
- February 24 - Mathias, Holy Roman Emperor, born in Vienna on February 24 (died 1619)
- May 31 - Tsar Feodor I of Russia (died 1598)
- August 16 - Agostino Carracci, Italian painter and graphical artist (died 1602)
- August 19 - Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg (died 1608)
- September 16 - Jacques Mauduit, French composer (died 1627)
- Julius Caesar, English judge and politician (died 1636)
- Giovanni Croce, Italian composer (died 1609)
- Giovanni Gabrieli, Italian composer and organist (died 1612)
- Balthasar Gérard, assassin of William I of Orange (died 1584)
- Toda Katsushige, Japanese daimyo (died 1600)
- Olaus Martini, Archbishop of Uppsala
- Jacques Maudit, French composer
- Thomas Morley, English composer (died 1602)
- Oda Nobutada, Japanese nobleman
Deaths
- April 9 - Mikael Agricola, Finnish scholar
- April 21 - Petrus Apianus, German astronomer (born 1495)
- June 11 - King John III of Portugal (born 1502)
- July 16 - Anne of Cleves, fourth queen of Henry VIII of England (born 1515)
- August 1 - Olaus Magnus, Swedish ecclesiastic and writer (born 1490)
- September 1 - Jacques Cartier, French explorer (born 1491)
- September 13 - John Cheke, English classical scholar and statesman (born 1514)
- September 27 - Emperor Go-Nara of Japan (born 1497)
- October 25 - William Cavendish, English courtier (born 1505)
- November 19 - Bona Sforza, second queen of Sigismund I of Poland (born 1494)
- December 13 - Niccolo Fontana Tartaglia, mathematician (born 1499)
- Sebastian Cabot, explorer (born 1476)
- Thomas Crecquillon, Franco-Flemish composer (born 1490)
- Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, Spanish historian (born 1478)
- Nicolas de Herberay des Essarts, French translator
- Jean Salmon Macrin, French neo-Latin poet (born 1490)
- Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes, Spanish historian (born 1478)
- Pontormo, Florentine painter
- Albert the Warlike, prince of Bayreuth (born 1522)af:1557
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