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- Bismuth (9188 bytes)
38: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
41: | [[Covalent radius]]
44: | [[van der Waals radius]]
153: ...and years, would lose mass more rapidly than a sample of bismuth decays.
155: == Applications == - Bromine (8073 bytes)
35: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
38: | [[Covalent radius]]
41: | [[van der Waals radius]]
147: == Applications == - Cadmium (10755 bytes)
36: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
39: | [[Covalent radius]]
42: | [[van der Waals radius]]
168: ... respects to [[zinc]] but lends itself to more complex compounds.
170: ...idation state]] of cadmium is +2, though rare examples of +1 can be found. - Caesium (11026 bytes)
33: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
36: | [[Covalent radius]]
39: | [[van der Waals radius]]
151: ...at or near room [[temperature]]. Caesium reacts explosively in cold [[water]] and also reacts with ice...
153: == Applications == - Calcium (9166 bytes)
29: <td>[[Atomic radius]] (calc.) </td><td>180 (194...
31: <td>[[Covalent radius]] </td><td>174 pm</td...
33: <td>[[van der Waals radius]] </td><td>no information ...
106: ...ting when exposed to air. It reacts with water displacing hydrogen and forming [[calcium hydroxide]].
108: == Applications == - Cerium (12377 bytes)
34: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
37: | [[Covalent radius]]
40: | [[van der Waals radius]]
176: ...bits an interestingly variable chemistry. For example, compression or cooling of the metal can change ...
182: == Applications == - Chromium (13677 bytes)
26: <td>[[Atomic radius]] (calc.) </td><td>[[1 E-1...
28: <td>[[Covalent radius]] </td><td>127 [[pic...
30: <td>[[van der Waals radius]] </td><td>n/a pm</td></t...
114: == Applications ==
118: ** in [[chrome plating]], - Cobalt (13481 bytes)
28: <td>[[Atomic radius]] (calc.) </td><td>[[1 E-1...
30: <td>[[Covalent radius]] </td><td>126 [[pic...
32: <td>[[van der Waals radius]] </td><td>n/a pm</td></t...
107: == Applications ==
116: * [[electroplating]] because of its appearance, hardness, and r... - Copper (13595 bytes)
36: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
39: | [[Covalent radius]]
42: | [[van der Waals radius]]
136: ...ined in [[Cyprus]]). From this, the phrase was simplified to ''cuprum'' and then eventually Anglicized...
138: ...pper [[smelting]], the refining of copper from simple copper oxides such as [[malachite]] or [[azurite... - Curium (8593 bytes)
33: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
36: | [[Covalent radius]]
39: | [[van der Waals radius]]
129: | <sup>239</sup>[[Plutonium|Pu]]<br /><sup>243</sup>[[Americium|Am]]<b...
176: ...nide]] series, curium is produced by bombarding [[plutonium]] with [[alpha particle]]s ([[helium]] [[i... - Dysprosium (8843 bytes)
35: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
38: | [[Covalent radius]]
41: | [[van der Waals radius]]
162: == Applications == - Erbium (9509 bytes)
35: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
38: | [[Covalent radius]]
41: | [[van der Waals radius]]
185: ...and amount of impurities present. Erbium does not play any known biological role but is thought by som...
187: == Applications == - Europium (8579 bytes)
35: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
38: | [[Covalent radius]]
41: | [[van der Waals radius]]
153: == Applications ==
154: ..., although it has been used to dope some types of plastics to make [[laser]]s. Due to its ability to a... - Francium (5138 bytes)
33: | [[Atomic radius]]
36: | [[Covalent radius]]
39: | [[van der Waals radius]] - Gadolinium (9860 bytes)
35: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
38: | [[Covalent radius]]
41: | [[van der Waals radius]]
167: == Applications ==
168: ...ium yttrium garnet]]s, which have [[microwave]] applications; gadolinium compounds also are used for m... - Gallium (9500 bytes)
39: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
42: | [[Covalent radius]]
45: | [[van der Waals radius]]
135: ... in [[bauxite]] and [[zinc]] ores. An important application is in the compound [[gallium arsenide]], u...
145: Gallium does not [[crystal]]lize in any of the simple [[crystal structure]]s. The stable phase under n... - Germanium (8776 bytes)
37: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
40: | [[Covalent radius]]
43: | [[van der Waals radius]]
194: ...al properties, but requires much higher purity samples—a purity which could not be commercially ...
196: == Applications == - Gold (24329 bytes)
7: | colspan="2" align="center" | [[platinum]] – '''gold''' – [[mercury (ele...
37: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
40: | [[Covalent radius]]
43: | [[van der Waals radius]]
121: | [[Platinum|<sup>195</sup>Pt]] - Hafnium (9162 bytes)
34: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
37: | [[Covalent radius]]
40: | [[van der Waals radius]]
166: == Applications ==
170: *as the electrode in [[plasma cutting]] because of its ability to shed elec... - Helium (36603 bytes)
9: ...mage-BIG.png|250px|click for larger version and explanation]]<br><div align="right"><small>[[Periodic ...
71: | [[Covalent radius]]
74: | [[van der Waals radius]]
108: ...[[United States]], which is by far the largest supplier of the gas. Helium is used in [[cryogenics]], ...
111: ===Gas and plasma phases===
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