John Kerry presidential campaign, 2004
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This article is about the presidential campaign of John Kerry, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts and the nominee of the Democratic Party to challenge Republican incumbent President George W. Bush in the U.S. presidential election on November 2, 2004. Kerry conceded defeat in the race in a telephone call to Bush at around 11 a.m. EST (16:00 UTC) on the morning of November 3, mere hours after promising to "fight for every vote."
For information on his biography and background see John Kerry. See also: George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2004.
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Issue stances
Kerry's stance on the foreign and domestic issues of the day is outlined in his book co-authored by John Edwards, "Our Plan for America - Stronger at Home, Respected in the World" and it is available here in PDF form (http://www.johnkerry.com/pdf/our_plan_for_america.pdf).
Some of Kerry's positions, ideas and experiences with national issues are as follows:
Economy
Kerry supports increasing the minimum wage and indexing it to inflation. Kerry believes in "equal pay for equal work." Kerry supported the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Balanced Budget Act. In 1993, Kerry voted for NAFTA. Kerry supports eliminating tax incentives for companies that move operations overseas and making efforts to reduce outsourcing.
Education and science
Kerry voted for the No Child Left Behind Act and argues that it should be "fully funded" which would entail funding several programs up to authorized levels of funding. He proposed a new "Education Trust Fund" to require the federal government to fund programs up to their authorizaed levels. He also proposed a "College Opportunity Tax Credit" for "economically vulnerable" students.
Kerry promises to increase funding for scientific research, to reduce restrictions on stem cell research, and to facilitate cooperation with foreign scientists by improving immigration and visa practices. He would support efforts to reduce global warming.
Law and justice
As an assistant district attorney, Kerry personally prosecuted armed robbers, rapists, and mob bosses. He is in favor of putting resources in the community, backing the Community Oriented Policing System Act (COPS), and creating laws that lead to criminals being arrested and convicted. Kerry has advocated expanding the COPS program to place 100,000 police officers in community policing assignments. Kerry supports the Police Corps program. In the Senate, Kerry has advocated laws that punish drug dealers and money launderers.
Death penalty
Kerry has long stated his opposition to the death penalty, but has recently stated that he would support it in the case of convicted terrorists. He had previously opposed the death penalty for terrorists on the grounds that it would make it difficult to extradite suspects to the United States to stand trial. (Many nations refuse extradition requests, on humanitarian grounds, if the suspect faces execution.)
Illegal drugs
Kerry's proposals to deal with illegal drugs include focusing on keeping drugs out of the country as well as reducing demand for illegal drugs. Kerry supports aggressively targeting traffickers and dealers. Kerry supports funding drug prevention and treatment programs.
Gun control
Kerry is a gun owner and hunter. Kerry believes that law-abiding American adults should continue to have the right to own guns, though he is in favor of certain restrictions. As he has consistently voted against the positions of the National Rifle Association, in 2002 he was given a performance rating of F, their lowest rating. Also in 2002, the pro-gun control Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence indicated that Kerry voted their preferred position 100% of the time.
As a senator, Kerry has supported:
- The Brady Bill and mandatory background checks
- Legislation to close the so-called "gun show loophole"
- A ban on several types of semi-automatic rifles known as the Assault weapons ban
- Mandatory gun locks.
Social Security
Kerry is against budget cuts that cause cutbacks in Social Security benefits. He opposes privatizing Social Security accounts.
Abortion
Kerry affiliates himself with "pro-choice" women's organizations. Kerry is against the criminalization of abortion. In the Senate, Kerry has consistently voted against bans on abortions conducted on military bases and military installations overseas, as well as against the ban on partial-birth abortion. He has been given a 0 percent rating from the National Right to Life Committee and a 100 percent rating from NARAL.
In an interview on July 4, 2004 Kerry told the Dubuque (Iowa) Telegraph Herald "I oppose abortion, personally. I don't like abortion. I believe life does begin at conception." "I can't take my Catholic belief, my article of faith, and legislate it on a Protestant or a Jew or an atheist," he continued in the interview. "We have separation of church and state in the United States of America." [1] (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A27920-2004Jul4.html)
Gay rights
Kerry is in favor of the acknowledgement and protection of civil rights for gay and lesbian Americans. John Kerry is an original cosponsor of the Hate Crimes Prevention bill and supports passage of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act. He introduced a very early bill (1985) into the Senate to statutorily forbid sexual-orientation-based discrimination. Kerry cosponsored the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act (CARE) and also sponsored the Vaccines for the New Millennium Act.
Kerry supports same-sex civil unions, though not same-sex marriage. Kerry supported legislation to provide domestic partners of federal employees the benefits available to spouses of federal employees. Kerry voted against the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in the Senate in 1996 and opposes the proposed Federal Marriage Amendment (FMA). He and Senator Edwards were absent for the unsuccessful vote to invoke cloture on the FMA, a procedural move that the FMA's proponents had conceded beforehand would be defeated. In an interview with National Public Radio in February of 2004, Kerry endorsed equal rights for same-sex couples, but commented that "the word marriage kind of gets in the way of the whole debate," because of the religious origin of marriage as being limited to male-female unions.
Kerry opposes the "don't ask, don't tell" policy and is in favor of lifting the ban on gays in the military.
Since 1995, Human Rights Campaign, the nation's largest gay-rights advocacy group, has given Kerry a 100 percent rating for his voting record in Congress.
Affirmative Action
Kerry states that he supports affirmative action and diversity programs, a claim supported by his Senate voting record. He has, however, expressed reservations about affirmative action in the past, most notably in a 1992 speech in which he reportedly called the practice "inherently limited and divisive," explaining that it "has kept America thinking in racial terms."
National service
Kerry supports supplementing national service in nearly all aspects of American life, including requiring community service for high school students to graduate, a "Summer of Service" for teenagers (essentially community service during summer breaks from school, with a U.S. $500 grant for college), increasing the Peace Corps to 25,000 members, requiring universities that receive Federal funding to offer a ROTC, and providing more funding for ROTC scholarships.
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Security & foreign policy
Iraq
Kerry voted in support of the Senate resolution authorizing the President to use force against Saddam Hussein if he failed to surrender his weapons of mass destruction and related tools for constructing and distributing them.[2] (http://www.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/10/11/iraq.us/) Kerry, in October 2002, declared his belief that "Iraq has some lethal and incapacitating agents and is capable of quickly producing weaponizing of a variety of such agents, including anthrax, for delivery on a range of vehicles, such as bombs, missiles, aerial sprayers and covert operatives which would bring them to the United States itself." The National Intelligence Estimate, to which Kerry had access, held some skepticism of Iraq's capability. Kerry's vote to support the use of force in Iraq was given with strong stipulations that all other peaceful avenues be exhausted first, and that any action of force would be done in conjunction with a world coalition, and not just with the British. (Kerry's full statement before casting his resolution vote (http://www.independentsforkerry.org/uploads/media/kerry-iraq.html))
After the President launched the U.S. invasion against Iraq, without meeting all of Kerry's stipulation, Kerry reiterated his position and declared the Administration's Iraq policy reckless at best and baseless at worst. He has since been outspoken against the handling of the war and of the Bush Administration's stewardship of occupied Iraq, attacking what he calls poor planning and poor diplomacy on Bush's part, but supports remaining in Iraq until the task of reconstruction and reconciliation is complete. He changed his position on WMDS by saying they were not enough to go to war with Iraq. (Kerry's post-attack view on Iraq (http://www.johnkerry.com/issues/national_security/iraq.html)) This has harmed Kerry's campaign in the eyes of some because they believe it has made him seem like a "flip-flopper", changing his position to better suit what is popular.
Kerry has been criticized by Howard Dean and others for his position on the war, which some say is inconsistent. Kerry has since explained his vote authorizing force by claiming that he believed the Senate resolution was intended to be a diplomatic "threat" to Saddam Hussein and not a blank check for war.
Multilateralism
Kerry advocates involving NATO, troops from other countries and the United Nations in U.S.-led efforts to achieve the goals of a "stable" and "democratic" world. According to the Harvard Crimson, Kerry said in 1970 that the United Nations should have approval over most of our foreign military operations. "I'm an internationalist. I'd like to see our troops dispersed through the world only at the directive of the United Nations." He has since repudiated this 1970 position. Kerry says he has always believed the United States has the absolute right to defend itself.
Throughout his Senate career, Kerry was also a staunch critic of many foreign policy initiatives of Republican Presidents. He opposed and voted against the Gulf War in 1991, and opposed funding the Contras in Nicaragua and similar armed groups in Latin America.
Kerry is preferred by most allies, according to this poll (http://www.globescan.com/news_archives/GlobeScan-PIPA_Release.pdf).
Military
Kerry sponsored the Code of Conduct of Arms Transfers Act, which would prohibit U.S. military assistance and arms transfers to undemocratic nations, human rights violators or armed aggressors.
Kerry cosponsored an amendment to the Department of Defense Authorization Bill that allows the military to transport families of soldiers wounded while on active duty.
Kerry detailed proposals for homeland security efforts include enlisting the National Guard and AmeriCorps, creating a community defense service, ensuring first defenders and first responders are equipped and ready, improving information technology, reforming domestic intelligence, implementing public health initiatives and improving infrastructure security.
Kerry and fellow Vietnam-era Navy veteran Senator John McCain (R-AZ) have worked together in the 1990s to investigate the possibility that there were still POWs in Vietnam.
Environment
Kerry advocates removal of toxins from communities, bolstering the Superfund cleanup program, and reducing sprawl and traffic congestion.
Proposals for "Green and Clean Communities" include a Toxics Task Force at the EPA, fighting air pollution, water pollution and fighting other environmental hazards. Kerry has proposed a "Conservation Covenant." As part of the covenant, Kerry will extend the Endangered Species Act for the benefits of wildlife and habitat protection to public and private lands and reinvest public-land royalties back into land protection.
In 2002, Kerry was one of the leaders of the Senate filibuster that defeated the Bush administration's proposal to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling.
Kerry wants to participate in the development of an international climate change strategy to address global warming.
In 1998, the League of Conservation Voters gave Kerry an award for having one of the best environmental voting records in the Senate over the previous five years. In 2004, the Sierra Club endorsed Kerry, the first time it had endorsed a Presidential candidate before the party conventions.
Immigration
Kerry supports cutting the Bureau for Citizenship and Immigration Services' application pending backlog and reducing the lag for the naturalization process. Kerry endorses benefits to legal immigrants. Kerry supports the "Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors" (DREAM) Act for undocumented high school students who came to the United States as children, and who seek higher education at in-state tuition rates.
Kerry supports the proposal of legalizing the status of undocumented immigrants, pending a certain amount of working time in the US and passing a background check. Kerry has proposed border enforcement reformation and increases of border enforcement funding.
Campaign slogans
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"The real deal" campaign slogan
Kerry's campaign used many slogans to describe his run for the presidency:
- "A stronger America begins at home"
- "A safer, stronger, more secure America."
- "The real deal" — often printed on circular campaign gear as shown on the right
- "The courage to lead"
- "The courage to do what's right for America"
- "Together, we can build a stronger America"
- "A lifetime of service and strength"
- "Let America be America again" — the title of a poem by Langston Hughes
- "A new team, for a new America"
- "Stronger at home, respected in the world"
- "America deserves better"
- "Let us make one America" — from Edwards' former presidential campaign
- "Hope is on the way!" — chanted by Edwards and his supporters during his speech at the 2004 Democratic National Convention
- "Help is on the way!" — chanted by Kerry and his supporters during his speech as the 2004 Democratic National Convention
- "We’re coming, you’re going, and don’t let the door hit you on the way out."
- "I have three words for him I know he understands: Bring it on"
Campaign history
Campaign managers
Early on, John Kerry's campaign manager was Jim Jordan. However, Jordan was fired and Mary Beth Cahill replaced him as campaign manager. Kerry also hired Bob Shrum as a campaign consultant. Cahill and Shrum were known for disagreeing on how the campaign should be run.
Endorsements
Prior to the primaries, Kerry collected endorsements from a variety of notable Democratic figures, including:
- Former New Hampshire Governor Jeanne Shaheen
- Massachusetts Senator Edward Kennedy
- California Senator Dianne Feinstein
- Former Georgia Senator Max Cleland
- Former Colorado Senator and presidential candidate Gary Hart
- Former Labor Secretary and Massachusetts gubernatorial candidate Robert Reich
- Former Ambassador Joseph Wilson (of Valerie Plame fame)
In sheer numbers, however, Kerry had fewer endorsements than Howard Dean, who was far ahead in the superdelegate race going into the Iowa caucuses in February 2004. Heading into the primaries, Kerry's campaign was largely seen as in trouble; the key factor enabling it to survive was Kerry's mortgaging his own home and lending the money to his campaign.
The only notable labor union to originally endorse him was the International Association of Firefighters; however, Kerry's support quickly snowballed as he won caucuses and primaries. He received the endorsement of the League of Conservation Voters prior to the New Hampshire primary, a first for that organization. He also received the support of each of his former competitors as they lost primaries and dropped out of the race, beginning with Missouri representative Dick Gephardt. Plenty of other notable Democrats followed, as did many labor unions which had previously backed Gephardt or Dean or stayed out of the race entirely (he won the endorsement of the entire AFL-CIO just prior to his Super Tuesday showdown with Edwards).
Becoming the nominee, he gained the support of virtually every Democratic politician and organization in the nation. Two notable exceptions were retiring Georgia Senator Zell Miller, a conservative Democrat who endorsed George W. Bush, and Ed Koch, the former three-term mayor of New York City. All of the former candidates for the nomination endorsed Kerry.
On September 29, John Eisenhower, the son of the former Republican president Dwight D. Eisenhower, endorsed Kerry in the New Hampshire Union Leader newspaper, saying that the Republican Party of today "is one with which I am totally unfamiliar".
Ralph Nader's running mate in the 1996 and 2000 elections, Native American activist Winona LaDuke, refused to support him in 2004. Instead, she stated: "I am voting for John Kerry this November. I love this land, and I know that we need to make drastic changes in Washington if we are going to protect our land and our communities." [3] (http://www.nativetimes.com/index.asp?action=displayarticle&article_id=5316)
Campaign controversies
"Global test" / "truth test"
Kerry was under fire by the Bush campaign for this statement from the first debate: "But if and when you do it [protect the United States of America], you have to do it in a way that passes the test, that passes the global test where your countrymen, your people understand fully why you're doing what you're doing and you can prove to the world that you did it for legitimate reasons." After the debate, the Bush campaign presented that statement as evidence that Kerry would allow foreign nations veto power over the country's national security. Kerry denied that assertion, stating that no nation will have veto power over the security of the United States. In the third debate, Kerry rephrased it as a "truth test."
"Swift Boat Veterans for Truth"
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Early in the 2004 presidential election campaign an organization known as Swift Boat Veterans for Truth was established to challenge John Kerry's bid for the presidency.
The group, led by Vietnam veteran John O’Neill, claimed that Kerry was "unfit to serve," based on various cited anecdotes regarding his wartime conduct, but largely focusing on his past activism in the anti-Vietnam war movement. While Kerry had criticized the government's highly unpopular war policy, the SBVT group claimed that his criticism was a "betrayal of trust" with other soldiers, and that by his activism he had caused direct and inexcusable "harm" to soldiers still at war. Other Vietnam veterans, including several who had served with Kerry, denounced the charges against him as completely false. (See John Kerry military service controversy.)
Many believe that the organization’s accusations coupled with the Kerry campaign’s slow reaction to them were a significant factor in Kerry’s November defeat.
Vice-presidential selection
Kerry's campaign began the process of searching for a vice-presidential nominee, sometimes called the "Veepstakes", shortly after Kerry's Super Tuesday victories. Kerry named Jim Johnson, former advisor to Vice President Walter F. "Fritz" Mondale, as the head of a vice-presidential search process.
One of the major criteria considered to be a factor in selecting a vice-presidential candidate is the ability to deliver a traditionally Republican or a swing state in the November election. Every successful Democratic presidential campaign since 1960 has included a politician from a swing state (usually in the South) who helped deliver one or more states for the Democrats.
By the first week of July 2004, pundits and those close to the Kerry campaign indicated that the vice-presidential selection had narrowed to three potential choices: U.S. Sen. John R. Edwards (N.C.), U.S. Rep. Richard A. "Dick" Gephardt (Mo.), and Iowa Gov. Thomas J. Vilsack, all of whom have reportedly been instructed to clear their calendars for a potential annoucement during the second week of July. Edwards, from North Carolina, is a Southerner; the other two, from Missouri and Iowa respectively, are Midwesterners (the Midwest is viewed as a key region containing numerous swing states). As of late June, the charismatic Edwards was the first choice of Democratic voters, according to several polls; some pundits attribute this to high name recognition, due to his runner-up status in the primaries.
On the morning of 6 July 2004, Kerry announced the selection of John Edwards as his running mate. However, at 10 p.m. on the night before the official announcement, the information was leaked by an airport worker who saw Edwards's name being painted on Kerry's plane, which was to be used to announce his choice of running mate. On July 6, the Kerry campaign sent an e-mail message to his supporters at about 8:15 a.m. EDT informing them of the choice, and made the formal announcement for 9 a.m. EDT in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
For the history and discussion of the possible choices that were considered before Edwards was chosen, see John Kerry presidential campaign VP selection process.
Democratic Convention
At the Democratic National Convention, Kerry made his Vietnam War experience a prominent theme. In accepting the nomination, he began his speech with, "I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty."
Following his official nomination at the Convention, Kerry received only a small bounce in the polls and remained "neck and neck" with his opponent, Bush. This was the first time in recent political history that a candidate failed to receive a substantial boost in post-convention poll numbers. Some political pundits attributed this small boost to the unusually small number of undecided voters as compared with previous presidential elections.
Debates
On March 13, while at a speaking engagement in Quincy, Illinois site of one of the historic Lincoln-Douglas debates, Kerry challenged Bush to a series of monthly debates. The Bush campaign declined the challenge.
On September 20th, the Bush campaign and the Kerry campaign jointly released a memorandum of understanding between the two campaigns. The 32-page MOU covered in minute detail many aspects of the staging and format for the presidential and vice-presidential debates.
On September 30th, Kerry and Bush debated at University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida in the first of three scheduled debates. This debate focused on foreign policy issues. Polls conducted immediately following the debate suggests that a majority of undecided voters believe that Kerry fared better than Bush did. Video later showed Kerry pulling something out of his jacket, apparently a piece of paper, in violation of the MOU. The Kerry campaign stated it was a pen. This still violated the MOU, but it would be taken much less seriously than if it were a piece of paper. The story did not develop into a major issue, though it received much coverage for a day or two.
On October 8th, Kerry and Bush debated at Washington University in St. Louis in a town-hall style debate, with the questions asked by the audience of undecided voters. Polls were split as to who won this debate, as Bush's performance was greatly improved.
On October 13th, Kerry and Bush debated at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona. The focus of this debate was domestic policy issues. Again, polls were split, but more indicated a win for Kerry than Bush.
Additionally, on October 5th, the vice presidential candidates Senator John Edwards and Vice President Dick Cheney engaged in a debate at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.
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Miscellanous events
Project Vote Smart challenge
Kerry, like Bush, has refused repeatedly to respond to Project Vote Smart's National Political Awareness Test. [4] (http://www.vote-smart.org/npat.php?can_id=S0421103).
Anthrax scare
On July 22, 2004, campaign staff were opening mail at Kerry's campaign headquarters in Washington, D.C. when white powder fell out of one package at around 5 p.m. on the eighth floor, where the campaign has its fund-raising and human resources departments, along with a financial company unrelated to the campaign.
Unlike the 2001 anthrax attacks, there was no threatening message inside, but police treat such incidents as possible bioterrorism. On the advice of the Secret Service, the campaign called local police, who sealed off the building and surrounding streets. The hazardous materials squad of the District of Columbia Fire Department was also called. An internal email distributed to all campaign workers said:
- "There is a suspicious package found on one of the floors of the building. Emergency services, fire, police and hazmat are on site. Please be advised if you leave, you will not be allowed to re-enter until authorities have given the all clear."
Though the air conditioning unit was shut down for a half-hour, several aides continued working. After personnel in biohazard suits entered the building, initial tests completed at around 7 p.m. showed that the powder was actually harmless and was possibly some type of garlic powder seasoning. The envelope, which contained two letter-size envelopes, was turned over to the FBI for further testing.
Neither Kerry or Edwards were at the headquarters when this happened. Kerry was campaigning in Michigan at the time, while Edwards was fund-raising in Connecticut.
Views of Kerry
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Much of Kerry's popular support came from "Anybody but Bush" voters - users who voted for him as a repudiation of the Bush administration's policies. One of the major focuses of his campaign was to attract voters to his stances on the issues, instead of as a de-facto opponent of the President.
The official Kerry for President website declares:
- "John has a bold, new vision for America. An America safe from foreign threats and greedy special interests. John has the experience and plans to lead America to better jobs, quality health care, energy that is clean, renewable, and independent, and greater opportunities for our children."
The Kansas City Star endorsed Kerry before the Missouri primary and wrote of him:
- "Kerry has the right combination of intelligence, experience and thoughtful, progressive views for the job. His military record—he received both a Bronze Star and a Silver Star for acts of bravery in Vietnam—as well as his defense and foreign policy expertise clearly make him the best qualified Democrat to lead the nation in the continuing fight against our adversaries abroad...Kerry has decades of public service that are available for scrutiny and review. It is an excellent record, one that contains abundant evidence of the senator's commitment to the country and its better impulses."
The Chattanooga Times Free Press endorsed Kerry before the Tennessee Democratic primary and editorialized:
- "If Mr. Kerry is, by contrast [to Mr. Bush], a 'liberal,' at least his policies make sense and would benefit all Americans. He has supported the sort of responsible domestic policies that boost education, support job creation and improve health care for all. With his personal war experience and deep background in foreign policy, he would exercise sound diplomacy in foreign affairs."
The Washington Post had this editorial comment on Kerry's approaching front-runner status:
- "JOHN KERRY has become the favorite for the Democratic presidential nomination without a detailed or clarifying debate on many issues. ... Now, with the nomination seemingly within his reach, the Massachusetts senator must begin to more fully explain where he stands on the major challenges facing the country.
- "That task is particularly important for Mr. Kerry because of his fuzziness on issues ranging from Iraq to gay marriage. ... But even a more independent assessment of Mr. Kerry can lead to puzzlement. He says he opposes gay marriage, yet voted against the federal Defense of Marriage act. He voted for the North American Free Trade agreement yet now talks in protectionist terms." [5] (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A42826-2004Feb14.html)
In an appearance in Milwaukee, fellow candidate and political rival Howard Dean stated, "When you act like Senator Kerry does, he appears to be more like George Bush than he does like a Democrat." [6] (http://www.kansascity.com/mld/kansascity/news/politics/7931838.htm)
Critics of Kerry cite Associated Press reports that Kerry made efforts to keep loopholes for special interests. One loophole allowed American International Group to profit from liability insurance coverage it provided for the "Big Dig" project in Boston. AIG later provided the funds for Kerry's trip to Vermont and donated $30,000 (or more) to a group used to set up Kerry's presidential campaign (Company executives also donated $18,000 to his campaigns). Charles Lewis, head of the Center for Public Integrity, stated that "the idea that Kerry has not helped or benefited from a specific special interest, which he has said, is utterly absurd."[7] (http://www.usatoday.com/news/politicselections/nation/president/2004-02-05-kerry-big-dig_x.htm) Kerry has denied any connection between his assistance to AIG and its contributions to his campaign.
Other politicians, such as Republican opponents and conservative foes, describe Kerry as liberal and out-of-touch with their perception of the mainstream of American society. Commentator Pat Buchanan wrote:
- "...[Kerry is] a Massachusetts liberal who voted against the Defense of Marriage Act, backs civil unions for homosexuals, voted to defend the infanticide known as partial-birth abortion and wants to raise the federal income taxes that George Bush lowered." [8] (http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=36888)
Kerry was in favor of free markets, free trade, and fiscal prudence. The Americans for Democratic Action, a prominent liberal organization, rates Kerry's voting record better than that of Senator Edward Kennedy (D-MA), causing Republican National Committee chairman Ed Gillespie to joke, "Who would have guessed it? Ted Kennedy is the conservative senator from Massachusetts." [9] (http://www.newyorker.com/archive/previous/?040216frprsp_previous2) (Kerry got a 93 percent from the ADA, Kennedy an 88 percent.) [10] (http://www.azstarnet.com/sn/vote/7055.php) ADA's rating is based on only a smattering of votes.
On June 21, 2004, 48 Nobel laureates endorsed Kerry as they thought that he would increase the prosperity, health, environment, and security of Americans, attract talented scientists and engineers from abroad; and nurture a business environment that creates quality jobs. They criticized the Bush administration for reducing funding for scientific research, setting restrictions on stem cell research, ignoring scientific consensus on critical issues such as global warming, and hampering cooperation with foreign scientists by employing deterring immigration and visa practices. [11] (http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=scienceNews&storyID=5476374)
A poll (http://www.globescan.com/news_archives/GlobeScan-PIPA_Release.pdf) conducted in July and August 2004 showed that citizens of 35 countries, 30 preferred Kerry over Bush. Only Nigeria, the Philippines and Poland preferred Bush. India and Thailand were divided. US Allies such as the UK (47% Kerry to 16% Bush), Germany (74% Kerry to 10% Bush), Spain (45% to 7%), Italy (58% to 14%), Japan (43% to 23%) were all in favor of Kerry. Other countries such as Mexico (38% to 18%), Colombia (47% to 26%), China (52% to 12%) and South-Africa (43% to 29%) are in favor of Kerry as well.
External links
- Official campaign website (http://www.johnkerry.com/)
- John Kerry campaign organizational wiki (http://www.civicactions.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?Kerry_Campaign_Organization)
- Center for Public Integrity (http://www.publicintegrity.org/bop2004/candidate.aspx?cid=4&act=cp) - information on campaign financing
- Better World Links (http://www.betterworldlinks.org/president.htm) - collection of links concerning the 2004 Presidential election
- John Kerry announcement speech (http://www.4president.org/speeches/johnkerry2004announcement.htm)
- John Kerry acceptance speech (http://www.4president.org/speeches/kerry2004acceptance.htm)