The Palisades
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- Palisades is also a general term for steep cliffs next to a river.
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The Palisades, also called the New Jersey Palisades or the Hudson Palisades, are a line of steep cliffs along the west side of the lower Hudson River in northeast New Jersey and southern New York in the United States. The cliffs stretch north from Jersey City approximately 20 mi (32 km) to near Nyack, New York. They rise nearly vertically from near the edge of the river, ranging in height between 350 ft (107 m) and 550 ft (168 m). The cliffs are among the most dramatic geologic features in the vicinity of New York City, forming a canyon of the Hudson north of Fort Lee, New Jersey, as well as providing a dramatic vista of the New York City skyline from the opposite bank of the Hudson.
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Geology and History
The cliffs are the margin of a diabase sill, formed approximately 200 million years ago at the close of the Triassic Period by the intrusion of molten magma upward into softer sandstone. The molten material cooled before reaching the surface. Subsequent water erosion of the softer sandstone left behind the columnar structure of harder rock that exists today. The cliffs are approximately 1000 ft (300 m) thick in sections and were probably originally 1000 ft (300 m) high, approximately twice as high as they are today.
The Lenape called the cliffs "We-awk-en", meaning "rocks that look like rows of trees" (Weehawken, New Jersey, which sits at the top of the cliffs across from Manhattan, takes it name from the Lenape word).
In the 19th century, the cliffs were subject to widespread quarrying for railroad ballast, leading to local efforts to preserve the cliffs. A section of the cliffs north of Fort Lee were subsequently purchased by John D. Rockefeller, who donated them to the State for permanent preservation. The land is now Palisades Interstate Park. The park is a popular destination for local hiking and other outdoor recreational activities.
Crossings of the Palisades
This list runs from south to north. The south end of the Palisades is subjective.- Pennsylvania Railroad cut (original alignment, now Conrail)
- Pennsylvania Railroad cut (now Conrail)
- Newark Avenue
- North Hudson County Railway streetcar line (gone)
- Erie Railroad cut (Bergen Arches, now abandoned)
- Erie Railroad tunnel (now Conrail)
- Route 139/Hoboken Avenue
- Lackawanna Railroad tunnel (now New Jersey Transit)
- New York Avenue
- Hoboken Inclined Cable Railway (gone)
- Hoboken Wagon Elevator (gone)
- Mountain Road
- Paterson Plank Road
- 14th Street Viaduct
- North Hudson County Railway Hillside Line (gone)
- Weehawken Wagon Elevator (gone)
- Hackensack Plank Road
- Park Avenue
- JFK Boulevard
- Amtrak North River tubes {formerly PRR)
- Route 495 (Lincoln Tunnel helix/"Bergen Viaduct")
- Pershing Road
- North Hudson County Railway streetcar line (gone)
- West Shore Railroad tunnel (now Hudson-Bergen Light Rail)
- Hillside Road
- Bulls Ferry Road
- Church Hill Road
- Gorge Road
- Susquehanna Railroad tunnel (now abandoned)
- Edgewater Road
- New Jersey and Hudson Railway Hudson River Line (gone)
- Route 5
- River Road (Route 505)
- George Washington Bridge
- Palisade Avenue
- Henry Hudson Drive
New Jersey/New York state line
- Washington Springs Road
See also
External link
- Palisades Interstate Park (http://www.njpalisades.org/)