October 19
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October 19 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 73 days remaining.
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Events
- 202 BC - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
- AD 439 - The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.
- 1453 - The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
- 1466 - The Thirteen Years' War ended with the Second Treaty of Thorn. Prussia as a whole was incorporated into Poland; the Teutonic Knights were allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish vassals.
- 1781 - Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis surrenders to George Washington and Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the American Revolutionary War.
- 1812 - Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.
- 1813 - The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
- 1864 - Battle of Cedar Creek - Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early.
- 1864 - Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.
- 1873 - Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
- 1912 - Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
- 1914 - The First Battle of Ypres begins.
- 1917 - Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.
- 1933 - Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
- 1943 - Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
- 1944 - United States forces land in the Philippines.
- 1954 - First ascent of Cho Oyu
- 1960 - Mauretania gains independence from France.
- 1973 - President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes.
- 1982 - John De Lorean is arrested for trafficking in cocaine.
- 1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard.
- 1985 - The first Blockbuster Video store opens in Dallas, Texas.
- 1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others died when their Tupolev 134 plane crashed into the Lebombo Mountains.
- 1987 - In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.
- 1987 - (Black Monday) Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%.
- 1989 - Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal - they had spent 15 years in prison through a miscarriage of justice.
- 1991 - Paul Glover buys a samosa at the Farmers' Market with Half HOUR #751; the first use of Ithaca Hours.
- 1994 - New Zealand's Goodnight Kiwi airs for the last time.
- 2001 - SIEV-X sinks enroute to Christmas Island
- 2003 - Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
- 2004 - Myanmar Prime Minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the Thai government on charges of corruption.
- 2004 - The Boston Red Sox defeat the New York Yankees 10-3 in Game Seven of the American League Championship Series, to advance to the World Series. The Red Sox became the first team in baseball history to win a series after being down three game to none.
Births
- 1433 - Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (d. 1499)
- 1562 - Archbishop George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633)
- 1862 - Auguste Lumière, one of the inventors of cinema (d. 1954)
- 1784 - John McLoughlin, Hudson's Bay Company Factor
- 1873 - Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist
- 1885 - Charles Merrill, investment banker (d. 1956)
- 1899 - Miguel Angel Asturias, Guatemalan writer (d. 1974)
- 1907 - Roger Wolfe Kahn, band leader (d. 1962)
- 1908 - Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer
- 1910 - Jean Genet, French author (d. 1986)
- 1913 - Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet and songwriter (d. 1980)
- 1916 - Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1994)
- 1918 - Louis Althusser, French Marxist philosopher
- 1931 - John le Carré, English novelist
- 1932 - Robert Reed, actor (d. 1992)
- 1937 - Peter Max, pop artist
- 1942 - Andrew Vachss, author and attorney
- 1944 - Peter Tosh, musician
- 1945 - Divine, actor (d. 1988)
- 1945 - John Lithgow, actor
- 1946 - Philip Pullman writer
- 1947 - Giorgio Cavazzano, comics artist and illustrator
- 1951 - Steve Pearson (photographer), in Mudgee NSW Aust
- 1951 - Patricia Ireland, President of the National Organization for Women
- 1962 - Evander Holyfield, boxing champion
- 1965 - Ty Pennington, TV carpenter
- 1966 - Jon Favreau, actor, writer, director
- 1969 - Trey Parker, cartoonist, comedian, writer, actor
- 1972 - Pras, musician
- 1976 - Michael Young, American baseball player
- 1986 - KIMBRE, The God of War wakes up from his eternal slumber
Deaths
- 1187 - Pope Urban III
- 1587 - Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1541)
- 1745 - Jonathan Swift, Irish author
- 1889 - King Louis of Portugal
- 1937 - Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1871)
- 1943 - Camille Claudel, French sculptor
- 1950 - Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet
- 1956 - Isham Jones, jazz musician (b. 1894)
- 1973 - Walt Kelly, cartoonist
- 1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada
- 1987 - Jacqueline Du Pré, English cellist (b. 1945)
- 1988 - Son House, blues musician
- 1992 - Arthur Wint, Jamaican runner
- 1994 - Martha Raye, comedienne, actress
- 2003 - Faith Fancher, television journalist and breast cancer awareness activist
- 2003 - Alija Izetbegovic, Bosnian politician and president
- 2003 - Margaret Murie, conservationist
Holidays
- Roman Empire - Armilustrium in honor of Mars
- Niue - Constitution Day in honour of the country's independence (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) in 1974.
- Mother Teresa Day in Albania.
External links
- BBC: On This Day (http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/19)
October 18 - October 20 - November 19 - September 19 - more historical anniversaries
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