Mackay, Queensland

Mackay (pop. 78 700) is a city and Local Government Area on the eastern coast of Queensland, Australia, about 900 kilometres north of Brisbane. Mackay is nicknamed the sugar capital of Australia because it produces more than a third of Australia's sugar. The city has an average temperature of 23 degrees Celsius.

Google Maps satellite view of Mackay Region (http://maps.google.com/maps?q=mackay,+Aus&ll=-21.172714,149.006195&spn=0.498505,0.682526&t=k&hl=en)

Economy

(1998-1999 financial year figures are used)

Mining constitutes around one third (AU$1500 million) of the Mackay region's annual gross product largely because of the coal loading terminals to the south at Hay Point, its proximity to the Bowen (Coal) Basin and the regional mining centres of Moranbah, Dysart, Clermont, and Glenden.

Retail sales and trade create around AU$430 million of production in the Mackay region annually. AU$70 million of these trades are attributed to tourism.

Though extensive amounts of land around Mackay are used for growing sugarcane, agriculture (including crops, livestock and forestry) constitutes only 6.4% (AU$300 million) of Mackay's annual gross production.

Tourism

Despite being close to Eungella National Park, The Great Barrier Reef and The Whitsundays, Mackay has not capitalised greatly on its location. Only 5.3% of the region's production is generated from tourism; with 59% of tourism income coming from accommodation and 28% coming from retail sales. Mackay holds a current position as a stop-over location as evident by the many motor-inns - but bodies are working toward greater capitalisation on the tourism market.

History

One of the first Europeans to travel through the Mackay region was Captain James Cook, who reached the Mackay coast on June 1, 1770 and named several local landmarks, including Cape Palmerston, Point Slade and Cape Hillsborough. It was during this trip that The Endeavour's botanist, Sir Joseph Banks, briefly recorded seeing Aborigines. The City of Mackay was later founded on Yuibera traditional lands.

Although several other maritime explorers sailed through the waters off Mackay, it was not until 1860 when moves were made to claim the region’s virgin pastures.

Two eager young men, John McCrossin and Scottish-born John Mackay, assembled a party of eight, including an Aborigine named Duke, and left Armidale, New South Wales in January 1860. Two men left the party in Rockhampton while the others reached the top of the range overlooking the Mackay district's Pioneer Valley in May. After descending into the valley and exploring almost to the mouth of the river, which they named the Mackay, the members of the party selected land and began the trip back to civilisation. On the return journey, they all suffered from a fever that claimed the life of Duke.

Mackay returned to the area with 1200 head of cattle in January 1862 and founded Greenmount station. Although the other members of his first expedition had marked runs, none but Mackay took up their claims. However, Mackay remained in possession of Greenmount for less than two years. Ownership transferred to James Starr in September 1864 and, despite Mackay’s protests, he never succeeded in regaining control. Greenmount passed through a number of owners’ hands before being bought by A.A. Cook in 1913. Before leaving the district, John Mackay chartered the vessel Preston, which landed stores from him on the riverbank about a kilometre upstream from the present Hospital Bridge. Mackay made a survey of the river and the chart was sent to Rockhampton. The Port of Mackay was then officially declared a port of entry.

In 1918, Mackay was hit by a major Tropical Cyclone causing severe damage and loss of life with hurricane-force winds and a large storm surge.

The largest loss of life in an Australian aircraft accident, with 29 deaths, occured on 10 June 1960 when a Fokker Friendship flew into the sea five nautical miles east of Mackay Airport.fr:Mackay (Queensland)