Liao Dynasty
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The Liao Dynasty (T: 遼朝 S: 辽朝 pinyin: Lio Cho), 907-1125, sometimes also known as the Kingdom or Empire of the Khitan, was founded by the Yel (耶律 Yēlǜ) family of the Khitan tribes in the final years of the Tang Dynasty, although Yel Abaoji did not declare an era name until 916. Originally known as the Empire of the Khitan, Emperor Yel Ruan officially adopted the name Great Liao or Liao Dynasty in 947.
The name of the empire was Khitan between 907 (at its founding) and 947 (938?), and again between 983 and 1066.
It was annihilated by the Jin Dynasty in 1125. However, remnants led by Yel Dashi (耶律大石 pinyin: Yēlǜ Dsh, Wade-Giles: Yeh-l Ta-Shih) established Xi (Western) Liao Dynasty 1125-1220, also known as Kara-Khitan Khanate, which survived until the arrival of Genghis Khan's Mongolian cavalry.
| Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 mioho) | Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 shho) | Born Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號 ninho) and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convention: "Liao" + temple name except Liao Tianzuodi who is referred using "Liao" + posthumous name | ||||
| Taizu (太祖 Tizǔ) | Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign | Yel Abaoji (耶律阿保機 Yēlǜ Ābǎojī) | 907-926 | Shence (神冊 Shnc) 916-922 |
| Taizong (太宗 Tizōng) | Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign | Yel Deguang|耶律德光 Yēlǜ Dguāng | 926-947 | Tianxian (天顯 Tiānxiǎn) 927-938 |
| Shizong (世宗 Shzōng) | Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign | Yel Ruan|耶律阮 Yēlǜ Ruǎn | 947-951 | Tianlu (天祿 Tiānl) 947-951 |
| Muzong (穆宗 Mzōng) | Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign | Yel Jing|耶律璟 Yēlǜ Jǐng | 951-969 | Yingli (應曆 Yngl) 951-969 |
| Jingzong (景宗 Jǐngzōng) | Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign | Yel Xian|耶律賢 Yēlǜ Xin | 969-982 | Baoning (保寧 Bǎonng) 969-979 |
| Shengzong (聖宗 Shngzōng) | Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign | Yel Longxu|耶律隆緒 Yēlǜ Lngx | 982-1031 | Qianheng (乾亨 Qinhēng) 982 Tonghe (統和 Tǒngh) 983-1012 |
| Xingzong (興宗 Xīngzōng) | Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign | Yel Zongzhen|耶律宗真 Yēlǜ Zōngzhēn | 1031-1055 | Jingfu (景福 Jǐngf) 1031-1032 |
| Daozong (道宗 Dozōng) | Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign | Yel Hongji|耶律洪基 Yēlǜ Hngjī | 1055-1101 | Qingning (清寧 Qīngnng) 1055-1064 Xianyong (咸雍 Xinyōng) 1065-1074 |
| Did not exist | Tianzuodi (天祚帝 Tiānzud) | Yel Yanxi|耶律延禧 Yēlǜ Ynxǐ | 1101-1125 | Qiantong (乾統 Qintǒng) 1101-1110 |
See also: Chinese history, Chinese sovereign, Song Dynasty, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, Tang Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, Mongols