Kirshenbaum chart
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Kirshenbaum is a system for writing the International Phonetic Alphabet in ASCII.
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Kirshenbaum charts of consonants and vowels
This chart is based off information provided in the Kirshenbaum specification.[1] (http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf), [2] (http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Evan_Kirshenbaum/IPA/faq.html) It may also be helpful to compare it to the SAMPA chart or X-SAMPA chart.
Consonant chart
Kirshenbaum chart of consonants
(the paired signs are voiceless/voiced consonants) | |||||||||||||
Bilabials | Labiodentals | Dentals | Alveolars | Retroflexes | Palato-alveolars | Palatals | Velars | Uvulars | Labiovelars | Pharyngeals | Glottals | Alveolar laterals | |
Nasals | m | M | n[ | n | n. | n^ | N | n" | n<lbv> | ||||
Stops | p b | t[ d[ | t d | t. d. | c J | k g | q G | t<lbv> d<lbv> | ? | ||||
Fricatives | P B | f v | T D | s z | s. z. | S Z | C C<vcd> | x Q | X g" | w<vls> w | H H<vcd> | h<?> | s<lat> z<lat> |
Approximants | r<lbd> | r[ | r | r. | j | j<vel> | g" | w | h | ||||
Laterals | l[ | l | l. | l^ | L | ||||||||
Trills | b<trl> | r<trl> | r" | ||||||||||
Flaps | * | *. | *<lat> | ||||||||||
Ejectives | p` | t[` | t` | c` | k` | q` | |||||||
Implosives | b` | d` | d` | J` | g` | G` | |||||||
Clicks | p! | t! | c! | c! | k! | l! |
Consonant modifiers and diacritics
Modifiers and diacritics follow the symbol they modify.
Modifier/diacritic | Meaning |
! | Click |
" | Uvular |
- | Syllabic |
. | Retroflex |
; | Palatalized |
[ | Dental |
^ | Palatal |
` | Voiced: Implosive Unvoiced: Ejective |
~ | Velarized |
<?> | Murmured |
<H> | Pharyngealized |
<h> | Aspirated |
<j> | Palatalized |
<o> | Unexploded |
<r> | Rhoticized |
<w> | Labialized |
Vowel chart
Kirshenbaum simplified chart of vowels (the paired signs are unrounded/rounded vowels) | ||||
Front | Central | Back | Rhotic (central) | |
Closed or high | i y I I. |
i" u" | u- u U |
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Half closed | e Y | @<umd> @ @. |
o- o | R<umd> R |
Half open | E W | V" O" | V O | |
Open or low | & &. | a a. | A A. |
Vowel modifiers and diacritics
Modifiers and diacritics follow the symbol they modify.
Modifier/diacritic | Meaning |
~ | Nasalized |
: | Long |
- | Unrounded |
. | Rounded |
" | Centralized |
? | Murmured |
<r> | Rhoticized |
Stress is indicated by ' for primary stress, and , for secondary stress, placed before the stressed syllable.