Gwynfor Evans
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Richard Gwynfor Evans (1 September 1912 – April 21, 2005), was a Welsh politician and the first Member of Parliament to represent Plaid Cymru at Westminster (1966-1970; 1974-1979).
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Early life
Gwynfor Evans was born to an English-speaking family in Barry, near Cardiff, and did not learn to speak Welsh until adulthood. He was educated at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, and St John's College, Oxford, from where he qualified as a lawyer. He was a teenager when the Welsh nationalist party Plaid Cymru was founded in 1925, and he founded a branch of the party while he was at Oxford. He became the party's president in 1945 and retained the office until 1981.
A committed Christian and pacifist, he declared himself a consciencious objector in the Second World War and was required to appear before a tribunal which, recognising the firmness of his beliefs, unusually unconditionally dismissed him. Evans is credited with keeping Plaid Cymru going through the lean years of the 1940s and 1950s — in the 1950s he fought unsuccessfully for a Welsh parliament, and failed to prevent the damming of the Tryweryn river and consequent inundation of the Welsh-speaking community of Capel Celyn in order to supply the city of Liverpool with water — a cause célèbre in Wales in the early 1960s.
Electoral success
He was elected to Carmarthenshire County Council in 1949, keeping his seat for the next 25 years, usually as the lone Plaid Cymru representative, acquiring the nickname "Evans dual carriageway" for his emphasis on improving transport links.
On 14 July 1966, Evans won the parliamentary seat of Carmarthen from Labour in a by-election caused by the death of Lady Megan Lloyd George, daughter of the former Liberal Prime Minister, David Lloyd George. This event has been credited as the making of Plaid Cymru as a serious political party, and imbued Welsh politics with a new self-confidence. In the House of Commons, Evans was true to his pacifist principles in being one of the few MPs to oppose the British government's support of the Nigerian federal government with supplies of weapons in the civil war against Biafra (1967-1970). He also opposed the Vietnam War: after being denied entry to the country as part of an inspection group, he instead protested outside a US air base in Thailand.
Evans was first (and last) president of the Celtic League from 1961-71. Dr. Robert McIntyre of the SNP was vice-president at the time.
Later life
In the 1970 General Election Evans lost his Carmarthen seat to Labour's Gwynoro Jones, and failed to regain it in the February 1974 General Election by only three votes. He was successful in the October 1974 General Election, when he returned to Parliament accompanied by two other Plaid Cymru MPs, Dafydd Wigley and Dafydd Elis Thomas. He lost his seat again in the 1979 General Election, was unsuccessful in the 1983 General Election, and did not contest any further elections, acting instead as an elder statesman and, in some eyes, the father of the nation. In 1980, his threat to go on hunger strike to ensure that the Conservative government did not renege on its election promise of a Welsh language television channel brought about an early U-turn on the part of Margaret Thatcher, and S4C began broadcasting on 1 November 1982.
In his political retirement he became a prolific writer, mainly on Welsh subjects and writing in Welsh with simultaneous or later English editions.
In 1941 Gwynfor Evans married Rhiannon Prys Thomas, who survived him. They had seven children.
Tributes
On his death the Welsh political establishment united in paying its respects to Gwynfor Evans:
- "Without Gwynfor Evans at the helm Plaid Cymru may not have survived to see electoral success in later years. His influence was felt beyond the confines of party politics. Wales would not be the nation it is today — perhaps would not be counted as a nation at all — if not for Gwynfor Evans." — Dafydd Iwan, President of Plaid Cymru.
- "Although his relationships with Labour MPs were not always positive, there is no gainsaying his massive contribution to Welsh public life, and particularly in raising the profile of Wales and Welsh issues throughout his long career in Welsh and British politics." — Rhodri Morgan, First Minister of the Welsh Assembly Government (Labour).
- "Gwynfor Evans made a distinguished contribution to Welsh public life and will be remembered particularly for his advancement of the Welsh language." — Peter Hain, Secretary of State for Wales (Labour).
- "Wales has lost one of its most significant figures of modern times. Gwynfor Evans was a highly respected figure who made a major contribution to Welsh politics. His record on delivering Welsh language broadcasting for Wales is of particular importance." — Nick Bourne, Leader of the Welsh Conservative Party.
- "Gwynfor served his party well and was able to bring them into electoral success. He earned respect from across the political spectrum. His passing marks the end of a chapter in Welsh political history". – Mike German, Leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats.
There has been a call for the University of Wales, Aberystwyth to name the building currently under construction as a home for the Department of International Politics to be named the Gwynfor Building.
Bibliography
- Aros Mae (1971) (English version: Land of my Fathers: 2000 Years of Welsh History (1974) ISBN 0903701030)
- Byw neu farw? : y frwydr dros yr iaith a'r Sianel deledu gymraeg / Life or death? : the struggle for the language and a Welsh T.V. channel (1980 ISBN 0905077121, bilingual text)
- Diwedd Prydeindod (1981, ISBN 0862430186)
- Autobiography: Bywyd Cymro (1982) (English version: For the Sake of Wales (1986) ISBN 1860570216)
- Cymru o Hud (2001, ISBN 0862435455) (English version: Eternal Wales (2001) ISBN 0862436087)
External links
- BBC News Obituary (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/2002565.stm) 21 April 2005
- The Independent obituary (http://news.independent.co.uk/people/obituaries/story.jsp?story=631872) 22 April 2005
- The Guardian obituary (http://www.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,,1465990,00.html) 22 April 2005
- The Times obituary (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,60-1579591,00.html) 22 April 2005
- Daily Telegraph obituary (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/04/22/db2201.xml&sSheet=/portal/2005/04/22/ixportal.html) 22 April 2005
- Official Gwynfor Evans Website (http://www.gwynfor.net)cy:Gwynfor Evans