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| Guaraní (avañe'ẽ) | |
|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay |
| Region: | |
| Total speakers: | 6 million |
| Ranking: | Not in top 100 |
| Genetic classification: | Tupi Tupi-Guarani |
| Official status | |
| Official language of: | Paraguay |
| Regulated by: | - |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | gn |
| ISO 639-2 | grn |
| SIL | Various: GNW for Western Bolivian Guarani |
| See also: Language – List of languages | |
Guaraní (local name: avañe'ẽ ) is a language spoken in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and southwestern Brazil. It belongs to the Tupi-Guarani language subfamily.
It is estimated that there are approximately six million Guaraní speakers worldwide.
| Contents |
Writing system
Guaraní became a written language relatively recently. It uses a largely phonetic orthography. It is written using a Latin alphabet with several additions. All vowels can take an acute accent (´) to mark stress (Á/á É/é Í/í Ó/ó Ú/ú), but the resulting graphemes are not letters of the alphabet. Tilde marks nasalisation and is used with many (lowercase) letters, that are considered part of the alphabet: ã ẽ g̃ ĩ Ñ/ñ õ ũ ỹ. (Note that small g with tilde is not available as a precomposed glyph in Unicode.)
Guaraní in Paraguay
Guaraní is, alongside Spanish, one of the official languages of Paraguay. Thus, for example, Paraguay's constitution is bilingual, and its state-produced textbooks are typically half in Spanish and half in Guaraní. This policy seems to suggest that the two languages are "separate but equal".
Nonetheless, the two languages have a very complicated relationship. In practice, almost nobody in Paraguay speaks "pure Spanish" or "pure Guaraní". The more educated, more urban, and more European-descended population tends to speak Argentine-influenced Spanish with short phrases of Guaraní thrown in, while the less educated, more rural, and more native population tends to speak a Guaraní with significant vocabulary-borrowing from Spanish. This latter mix is known as Jopará .
Speakers of Guaraní who are not fluent in any other language have markedly limited opportunities for education and employment. There are very few speakers of Guaraní outside of South America. Those few that exist include scholars, missionaries, and agents of the Peace Corps.
History
The reason why Guarani subsisted with enough vigor to be officialized was that the Jesuits elected it as the language to preach Catholicism to the Indians. Guarani was the language of the autonomous Jesuit-governed Reducciones.
See also
External links
- Ethnologue reports for Guarani (http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=1928)
- Guarani - English Dictionary (http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/Guarani-english/): from *Webster's Online Dictionary (http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org) - the Rosetta Edition.
- www.guarani.de: - online dictionary in Spanish, German and Guarani
- www.guaranirenda.com: - about the Guarani languageda:Guarani (sprog)
de:Guaraní (Sprache) es:Idioma guaraní eo:Gvarania lingvo fr:Guarani gn:Avañe'ẽ he:גוארני ko:구아라니어 ja:グアラニー語 pt:Guarani (língua) sv:guaraní tr:Guarani wa:Gwarani