Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve

Great Sand Dunes
Missing image LocMap_Great_Sand_Dunes_National_Park.png image:LocMap_Great_Sand_Dunes_National_Park.png
Designation	National Park
Location	Colorado
Nearest Cities	Pueblo, Colorado
Coordinates	Template:Coor dm
Area	84,670 acres (2003) 34,265 ha
Date of Establishment	September 13, 2004
Visitation	249,923 (2003)
Governing Body	National Park Service
IUCN category	Ib (Wilderness) II (National Park)

Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve became a United States national park on September 13, 2004. It is in the southern part of the American state of Colorado, in the American Southwest. The park contains 132 mi² (343 km²)

The sand dunes rise close to 230 meters (about 750 feet) from the floor of the San Luis Valley in front of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, covering about 78 square kilometers (about 30 square miles). They are the tallest sand dunes in North America.

Contents

1 American history 2 Scenery 3 Fun for kids of all ages 4 Access 5 Natural History 6 Stream Surge Flow 7 External links and references

American history

They were made a national monument in 1932. On November 22 2000, United States President Bill Clinton signed the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Act of 2000, aiming at ultimate national park status, after more land was acquired.

Scenery

According to the National Park Service web site below (references), they now also contain

alpine lakes and tundra, six peaks over 13,000 feet in elevation, ancient spruce and pine forests, large stands of aspen and cottonwood, grasslands, and wetlands — all habitat for diverse wildlife and plant species.

Fun for kids of all ages

Getting to the dunes requires walking across the wide and shallow Medano Creek, which only flows spring to early summer. Many run up the dunes, simply for the fun of rolling down again. Some actually ski the dunes.

You might imagine you're in the Sahara Desert or a Western movie. Hiking is permitted, with the warning the sand can get hot in the summer, up to 60 Celsius (~140 Fahrenheit). The area gets snow in the winter. Some go on pack trips with horses.

Access

The closest city is Alamosa, Colorado, though Colorado Springs, Denver and Albuquerque, New Mexico are not far off. Consult the references for more information.

Natural History

Anyone who visits the dunes has to wonder, "Where did such a bizarre feature come from? Why here?" They trace to perhaps 12,000 years ago.

The dunes were formed from sand deposits of the Rio Grande River and its tributaries, flowing through the San Luis Valley. Over the ages, westerly winds have picked up sand particles as they flew over the Rocky Mountains from the river flood plain. As the wind lost power before crossing the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, the sand was deposited on the east edge of the valley. This continues, and the dunes are slowly enlarging by the wind that daily changes the shape of the dunes. There are areas of black sand which are deposits of magnetite, a crystalline black oxide of iron.

The sand dunes form because as the wind blows sand and small rocks across the valley and up against Colorado's Sangre de Cristo Mountains, the wind slows and drops the debris. There are numerous streams in the area, and the sand wicks the water up into the dunes, and this water keeps the sand from blowing away.

Digging a few inches into the dunes even at 750 feet (230 meters) above the valley floor reveals wet sand. If the streams were to dry up, the dunes would disappear; in fact part of the motivation of turning the Monument into a Park in 2000 was the extra protection of the water, which Colorado's cities and agriculture covet.

It's very easy to experience the dune-building process. This is a very windy region, as hikers on the Sand Dunes will attest, as on many days they will be pelted by sand and even small rocks when hiking on the dunes. The wind carries sand and rocks from many tens of miles away.

Stream Surge Flow

One of the most unusual features of the park happens at Medano Creek, which borders the east side of the Dunes and is located next to the Visitor Center and Bookstore.

Because fresh sand continually falls in the creek, Medano Creek never finds a permanent and stable streambed. Small under-water sand dunes that act like dams continually form, and break down. So waders in the stream see surges--which look like waves--of water flowing downstream at intervals of just a few seconds to a minute or more. In a high-water year, these surges can be as much as a foot in height.

So Colorado has a stream with something that resembles ocean waves.

The creek also has great sand for building sand-castles, and visitors take advantage of that. Based on visitor activity, the creek is almost as popular as the dunes themseles.

External links and references

• Official site: Great Sand Dunes National Park (http://www.nps.gov/grsa/)
• U.S. National Monuments on Great Sand Dunes (http://gorp.away.com/gorp/resource/us_nm/co_great.htm)
• DesertUSA on the Sand Dunes (http://www.desertusa.com/sand/)
• AmericanSouthwest.net on the Sand Dunes (http://www.americansouthwest.net/colorado/great_sand_dunes/national_monument.html)
• Visitor Study .pdf file (http://www.nps.gov/grsa/press%20releases/Great%20Sand%20Dunes%20VSP%20rept.pdf)
• Some photos of the Sand Dunes, Images may freely be used for any purpose whatsoever. (http://www.philarmitage.net/great_sand_dunes.html)
• Photos of Great Sand Dunes National Park (http://www.terragalleria.com/parks/np.great-sand.html)
• Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve (http://www.nationalparksgallery.com/parks/Great-Sand-Dunes-National-Park-Preserve) - National Parks Gallery

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