Federal subjects of Russia
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Russia is a federation which consists of 89 subjects (Russian: субъект(ы); English transliteration: subyekty, sing. subyekt). These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Russian parliament). However, they do differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy. Each subject of the federation belongs to one of the following categories:
Rus_Subjects.png
- 21 republics (states) (Russian: республики, sing. республика; English transliteration: respubliki, sing. respublika) - nominally autonomous with supposed right to secede, each has its own constitution, president and parliament; is represented by the federal government in international affairs; and is supposedly home to a specific ethnic minority.
- 49 oblasts (provinces) (Russian: области, sing. область; English transliteration: oblasti, sing. oblast) - most common, regular administrative units with federally appointed governor and locally elected legislature.
- 6 krais (territories) (Russian: края, sing. край; English transliteration: kraya, sing. krai or kray, the latter being more grammatically correct, but less common) - similar to oblasts but usually more peripheral and less populated.
- 1 autonomous oblast (Russian: автономная область; English transliteration: avtonomnaya oblast).
- 10 autonomous districts (Russian: автономные округа, sing. автономный округ; English transliteration: avtonomnyye okruga, sing. avtonomny okrug) - more autonomous than oblasts but less than republics; usually with substantial or predominant ethnic minority.
- 2 federal cities (city states)(Russian: федеральные города, sing. федеральный город; English transliteration: federalnyye goroda, sing. federalny gorod) - major cities that function as separate regions.
Some of these subjects will be merged into larger territories (Krais) starting in 2004. The first new one to be formed will be the Perm Krai, comprising the current Perm Oblast and Autonomous district of the Komi-Permyaks (59 and 81 respectively in the map below). The new territory is scheduled to come into being on December 1, 2005. A referendum to decide on merging the Irkutsk Oblast with the Autonomous district of the Ust-Ordinsk Buryats into an Irkutsk Krai will be held in 2004. On April 17 2005, a referendum was held in the Autonomous districts of the Evenks and the Taymyr and the Krasnoyarsk Krai about incorporating the two former into the latter; the result was approval, and the merger is to take place on January 1 2007. Other projects include merging the Yamal Nenetses with the Tyumen Oblast to form a Tyumen Krai; uniting the Kamchatka Oblast and the Autonomous District of Koryakia; combining the Autonomous district of the Aga Buryats with the Chita Oblast; and even merging the existing Arkhangelsk and Murmansk Oblasts, the Komi Republic and the Autonomous district of the Nenetses to form a proposed Northern, or Arctic Krai, or a Republic of Pomors-Nenetses.
| No. | Abbr. | Subject of the federation | Capital city | Federal district | Economic region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republics - республики - respubliki | |||||
| 01 | AD | Adygeya (Адыгея) | Maykop (Майкоп) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 02 | BA | Bashkortostan (Башкортостан) | Ufa (Уфа) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Urals |
| 03 | BU | Buryatia (Бурятия) | Ulan-Ude (Улан-Удэ) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 04 | AL | Altai Republic (Алтай) | Gorno-Altaysk (Горно-Алтайск) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 05 | DA | Dagestan (Дагестан) | Makhachkala (Махачкала) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 06 | IN | Ingushetia (Ингушская) | Magas (Магас) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 07 | KB | Kabardino-Balkaria (Кабардино-Балкарская) | Nalchik (Нальчик) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 08 | KL | Kalmykia (Калмыкия) | Elista (Элиста) | Southern | Povolzhye |
| 09 | KC | Karachay-Cherkessia (Карачаево-Черкесская) | Cherkessk (Черкесск) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 10 | KR | Karelia (Карелия) | Petrozavodsk (Петрозаводск) | Northwestern | North |
| 11 | KO | Komi (Коми) | Syktyvkar (Сыктывкар) | Northwestern | North |
| 12 | ME | Mari El (Марий-Эл) | Yoshkar-Ola (Йошкар-Ола) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Volga-Vyatka |
| 13 | MO | Mordovia (Мордовия) | Saransk (Саранск) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Volga-Vyatka |
| 14 | SA | Sakha (Yakutia) (Саха (Якутия)) | Yakutsk (Якутск) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 15 | SE | North Ossetia (Alania) (Северная Осетия) | Vladikavkaz (Владикавказ) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 16 | TA | Tatarstan (Татарстан) | Kazan (Казань; Tatar: Qazan) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Povolzhye |
| 17 | TY | Tyva (Тыва) | Kyzyl (Кызыл) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 18 | UD | Udmurtia (Удмуртская) | Izhevsk (Ижевск) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Urals |
| 19 | KK | Khakassia (Хакасия) | Abakan (Абакан) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 20 | CE | Chechnya (Чеченская) | Grozny (Грозный) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 21 | CU | Chuvashia (Чувашская (Чаваш)) | Cheboksary (Чебоксары) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Volga-Vyatka |
| Territories - края - kraya | |||||
| 22 | ALT | Altai Krai (Алтайский) | Barnaul (Барнаул) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 23 | KDA | Krasnodar (Краснодарский) | Krasnodar (Краснодар) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 24 | KYA | Krasnoyarsk (Красноярский) | Krasnoyarsk (Красноярск) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 25 | PRI | Primorsky (Приморский) | Vladivostok (Владивосток) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 26 | STA | Stavropol (Ставропольский) | Stavropol (Ставрополь) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 27 | KHA | Khabarovsk (Хабаровский) | Khabarovsk (Хабаровск) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| Provinces - области - oblasti | |||||
| 28 | AMU | Amur (Амурская) | Blagoveshchensk (Благовещенск) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 29 | ARK | Arkhangelsk (Архангельская) | Arkhangelsk (Архангельск) | Northwestern | North |
| 30 | AST | Astrakhan (Астраханская) | Astrakhan (Астрахань) | Southern | Povolzhye |
| 31 | BEL | Belgorod (Белгородская) | Belgorod (Белгород) | Central | Central-Chernozem |
| 32 | BRY | Bryansk (Брянская) | Bryansk (Брянск) | Central | Central |
| 33 | VLA | Vladimir (Владимирская) | Vladimir (Владимир) | Central | Central |
| 34 | VGG | Volgograd (Волгоградская) | Volgograd (Волгоград) | Southern | Povolzhye |
| 35 | VLG | Vologda (Вологодская) | Vologda (Вологда) | Northwestern | North |
| 36 | VOR | Voronezh (Воронежская) | Voronezh (Воронеж) | Central | Central-Chernozem |
| 37 | IVA | Ivanovo (Ивановская) | Ivanovo (Иваново) | Central | Central |
| 38 | IRK | Irkutsk (Иркутская) | Irkutsk (Иркутск) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 39 | KGD | Kaliningrad (Калининградская) | Kaliningrad (Калининград) | Northwestern | Northwest |
| 40 | KLU | Kaluga (Калужская) | Kaluga (Калуга) | Central | Central |
| 41 | KAM | Kamchatka (Камчатская) | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Петропавловск-Камчатский) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 42 | KEM | Kemerovo (Кемеровская) | Kemerovo (Кемерово) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 43 | KIR | Kirov (Кировская) | Kirov (Киров) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Volga-Vyatka |
| 44 | KOS | Kostroma (Костромская) | Kostroma (Кострома) | Central | Central |
| 45 | KGN | Kurgan (Курганская) | Kurgan (Курган) | Urals | Urals |
| 46 | KRS | Kursk (Курская) | Kursk (Курск) | Central | Central-Chernozem |
| 47 | LEN | Leningrad (Ленинградская) | St. Petersburg (Санкт-Петербург) | Northwestern | Northwest |
| 48 | LIP | Lipetsk (Липецкая) | Lipetsk (Липецк) | Central | Central-Chernozem |
| 49 | MAG | Magadan (Магаданская) | Magadan (Магадан) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 50 | MOS | Moscow (Московская) | Moscow (Москва) | Central | Central |
| 51 | MUR | Murmansk (Мурманская) | Murmansk (Мурманск) | Northwestern | North |
| 52 | NIZ | Nizhny Novgorod (Нижегородская) | Nizhny Novgorod (Нижний Новгород) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Volga-Vyatka |
| 53 | NGR | Novgorod (Новгородская) | Novgorod (Новгород) | Northwestern | Northwest |
| 54 | NVS | Novosibirsk (Новосибирская) | Novosibirsk (Новосибирск) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 55 | OMS | Omsk (Омская) | Omsk (Омск) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 56 | ORE | Orenburg (Оренбургская) | Orenburg (Оренбург) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Urals |
| 57 | ORL | Oryol (Орловская) | Oryol (Орёл) | Central | Central |
| 58 | PNZ | Penza (Пензенская) | Penza (Пенза) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Povolzhye |
| 59 | PER | Perm (Пермская) | Perm (Пермь) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Urals |
| 60 | PSK | Pskov (Псковская) | Pskov (Псков) | Northwestern | Northwest |
| 61 | ROS | Rostov (Ростовская) | Rostov-na-Donu (Ростов) | Southern | North Caucasus |
| 62 | RYA | Ryazan (Рязанская) | Ryazan (Рязань) | Central | Central |
| 63 | SAM | Samara (Самарская) | Samara, Russia (Самара) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Povolzhye |
| 64 | SAR | Saratov (Саратовская) | Saratov (Саратов) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Povolzhye |
| 65 | SAK | Sakhalin (Сахалинская) | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Южно-Сахалинск) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 66 | SVE | Sverdlovsk (Свердловская) | Yekaterinburg (Екатеринбург) | Urals | Urals |
| 67 | SMO | Smolensk (Смоленская) | Smolensk (Смоленск) | Central | Central |
| 68 | TAM | Tambov (Тамбовская) | Tambov (Тамбов) | Central | Central-Chernozem |
| 69 | TVE | Tver (Тверская) | Tver (Тверь) | Central | Central |
| 70 | TOM | Tomsk (Томская) | Tomsk (Томск) | Siberian | West Siberia |
| 71 | TUL | Tula (Тульская) | Tula (Тула) | Central | Central |
| 72 | TYU | Tyumen (Тюменская) | Tyumen (Тюмень) | Urals | West Siberia |
| 73 | ULY | Ulyanovsk (Ульяновская) | Ulyanovsk (Ульяновск) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Povolzhye |
| 74 | CHE | Chelyabinsk (Челябинская) | Chelyabinsk (Челябинск) | Urals | Urals |
| 75 | CHI | Chita (Читинская) | Chita (Чита) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 76 | YAR | Yaroslavl (Ярославская) | Yaroslavl (Ярославль) | Central | Central |
| Federal cities - федеральные города - federalnyye goroda | |||||
| 77 | MOW | Moscow (Москва) | Central | Central | |
| 78 | SPE | St. Petersburg (Санкт-Петербург) | Northwestern | Northwest | |
| Autonomous oblast - автономная область - avtonomnaya oblast | |||||
| 79 | YEV | Jewish (Еврейская) | Birobidzhan (Биробиджан) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| Autonomous districts - автономные округа - avtonomnyye okruga | |||||
| 80 | AGB | Aga Buryatia (Агинский-Бурятский) | Aginskoye (Агинское) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 81 | KOP | Permyakia (Коми-Пермяцкий) | Kudymkar (Кудымкар) | Privolzhsky (Volga) | Urals |
| 82 | KOR | Koryakia (Корякский) | Palana (Палана) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 83 | NEN | Nenetsia (Ненецкий) | Naryan-Mar (Нарьян-Мар) | Northwestern | North |
| 84 | TAY | Taymyria (Таймырский (Долгано-Ненецкий)) | Dudinka (Дудинка) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 85 | UOB | Ust-Orda Buryatia (Усть-Ордынский Бурятский) | Ust-Ordynsky (Усть-Ордынский) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 86 | KHM | Khantia-Mansia (Ханты-Мансийский) | Khanty-Mansiysk (Ханты-Мансийск) | Urals | West Siberia |
| 87 | CHU | Chukotka (Чукотский) | Anadyr (Анадырь) | Far Eastern | Far East |
| 88 | EVE | Evenkia (Эвенкийский) | Tura (Тура) | Siberian | East Siberia |
| 89 | YAN | Yamalia (Ямало-Ненецкий) | Salekhard (Салехард) | Urals | West Siberia |
Recent developments
On April 17, 2005, a regional referendum was held to decide whether Evenkia and Taymyria should be merged into Krasnoyarsk Krai. According to the results of the referendum, the merger will take place on January 1, 2007.
Related articles
- History of the administrative division of Russia
- Subdivisions of Russia
- Federal districts of Russia
- Economic regions of Russia
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