Culture of the Netherlands
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This article deals with the culture of the Netherlands.
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Architecture
The height of Dutch architecture was during the Dutch Golden Age. Due to the thriving economy cities expanded greatly. New town halls, weighhouses and storehouses were built. Merchants that had gained a fortune ordered a new house built along one of the many new canals that were dug out in and around many cities (for defense and transport purposes), a house with an ornamented façade that befitted their new status. In the countryside new country houses were built, though not in large numbers. For more information see:Dutch Golden Age See also
- Hendrik Petrus Berlage (1856-1934)
- J. H. van den Broek (1898-1978)
- Jacob van Campen (1595-1657)
- P. J. H. Cuypers (1827-1921)
- Willem Marinus Dudok (1884-1974)
- Johannes Duiker (1890-1935)
- Aldo van Eyk (1918-?)
- Lieven de Key (ca. 1560-1627)
- Hendrik de Keyser (1565-1621)
- Rem Koolhaas (1944)
- J. J. P. Oud (1890-1963)
- S. van Ravesteyn
- Gerrit Rietveld (1888-1964)
Art
Mondrian_CompRYB.jpg
The history of the art in the Neterlands begins in the Flander region. The Dutch art didn't begin to take form in the 15th and 16th centuries. The heights of the Flander art was in the 15th to 17th century. During the 17th century Flander art dominated European art largely because of Ruben. Still Life art was the most common. However in the 18th century Flander and Dutch art changed to the French Rococo style. Flander artists were eventually split between the Netherlands and Belgium because of political division. The distinct Dutch art begins at the turn of the 17th century when the country emerged as a political entity and developed an independent culture. During this time Dutch art flourished. However after the 18th century Dutch art lost a lot of influence which was only revived in the 19th century. During the 20th century Dutch art was influenced by fauvism, cubism, and expressionism. Abstract expressionism became a popular form of art in the Netherlands during the period of time. [1] (http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/ent/A0816445.html)
Graphic arts
Museums
- Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
- Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterloo
- Museum Boymans van Beuningen, Rotterdam
- Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
- Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam
Nature
Painting
- Karel Appel (1921)
- Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)
- Jan van Goyen (1596-1656)
- Pieter de Hooch (1629-1684)
- Frans Hals (ca. 1581-1666)
- Peter Lely (1616-1680)
- Hendrik Willem Mesdag (1831-1915)
- Piet Mondrian (originally Mondriaan) (1872-1944)
- Adriaen van Ostade (1610-1685)
- Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669)
- Jan van Scorel (1495-1652)
- Jan Steen (1626-1679)
- Johannes Vermeer (1632-1675)
- Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen (1500-1559)
Other Dutch Painters
- Jan de Mabuse
- Hendrik Goltzius
- Antonio Moro
- Lucas van Leyden
- Salomon van Ruisdael
- Jan Davidszoon de Heem
- Willem Claeszoon Heda
- Jacob de Wit
- Jozef Israëls
- Anton Mauve
- Vincent van Gogh
See also
Theatre
Cabaret
- Lenette van Dongen, one-(wo)man-show
- Henk Elsink, one-man-show
- Herman Finkers, one-man-show
- Seth Gaaikema, one-man-show
- Youp van 't Hek, one-man-show
- Toon Hermans, one-man-show
- Brigitte Kaandorp, one-(wo)man-show
- Wim Kan, one-man-show
- Wim Sonneveld, one-man-show
- Paul van Vliet, one-man-show
- Mini & Maxi, cabaret
- Purper, cabaret
- Tingeltangel, cabaret
- André van Duyn, comedian
Film
Actors
- Jeroen Krabbé, actor
- Moniek van de Ven, actress
- Rutger Hauer, actor
- Johanna Tersteege, actress
Films
Directors
- Matthijs van Heyningen, producer
- Paul Verhoeven, director/producer
- Bert Haanstra, cameraman/director
- Alex van Warmerdam, director/producer
- Marleen Gorris, director
- Jan de Bont, director
Movie theaters
- Pathé (a French company) is a large movie theatre chain
IMAX theatres:
Music of the Netherlands
Main article: Music of the Netherlands
The Netherlands has multiple musical traditions, mostly related to nearby German and Belgian forms. Immigrants from Africa and the Middle East have also had a profound effect. Much more so than most non-English speaking European countries, the Netherlands has remained closely in tune with American and British trends.
Music of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles
Main article: Music of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles
Aruba and the five main islands of the Netherlands Antilles are part of the Lesser Antilles island chain. Their music is a mixture of native, African and European elements, and is closely connected with trends from neighboring islands like Martinique, Trinidad and Guadeloupe, as well as the mainland former Dutch possession of Suriname, which has exported kaseko music to great success on the islands. Curaçao and Bonaire likely have the most active and well-known music scenes. Curaçao is known for a kind of music called tumba, which is named after the conga drums which accompany it.
Classical music
Orchestras
- Concertgebouworkest, Amsterdam
- Radio Philharmonisch Orkest
- Residentie Orkest
- Rotterdams Filharmonisch Orkest, Rotterdam
Popular music
Dance
- Nederlands Danstheater, Dutch Dance Theatre
- Scapino Ballet
Publishing
Newspapers
- Algemeen Dagblad
- De Telegraaf (full content also available on internet, for a fee)
- De Volkskrant
- Het Parool
- Nederlands Dagblad (full content also available on internet, for a fee)
- NRC Handelsblad
- Trouw
Magazines
Ca. 70 Dutch magazines have been sold to and are now published by the Finnish publisher Sanoma. Apart from many typical Dutch ones like Margriet, Libelle and Nieuwe Revu these include a Disney magazine named after Donald Duck and the Dutch edition of Playboy.
National library
- Koninklijke Bibliotheek - http://www.kb.nl/
Food
Main article: Dutch cuisine
In the Netherlands it is common to have two cold meals and one hot meal. For snacks, people of the Netherlands ussually eat fruit, candy bars, liquorice, or other snacks such as cakes, sausage rolls etc. Bread is generally eaten with breakfast and lucnh while sometimes crispbread, crackers, ontbijtkoek, rye bread, cereal flakes or muesli substitute for the bread. Dinner begins usually with soup and the main course is compromised of boiled potatoes, vegetables and meat or fish. Rice, other cereal, pulses or pasta sometimes takes the place of the potatoes. Desert is usually yoghurt, cold custrad or fruit. Holland is famous for its cheese products.
Gouda.jpg
Some Dutch cheeses indlude:
Some tradional Dutuch food include:
- Æbleskiver
- Apple pie
- Croquet (food)
- Drop
- Frikandel
- Haring
- Hagelslag
- Karnemelk
- Kroket
- Muisjes
- Patat
- Pea Soup
- Poffertjes
- Stamppot
- Stroopwafel
- Vla
- Vlaai
Language
Most ethnic Dutch people speak the Dutch language. The Dutch language is a West Germanic, Low Franconian language. The language originated in the Middle Ages, was standardized in the 16th century and has many Frankish and some Saxon influences. As the Netherlands have colonized Suriname in the 17th century, the language is also spoken there. Most people in Flanders speak Dutch as well. Frisian is also spoken as an official language of the Netherlands in the area of Friesland. A considerable percentage of the population is of South Asian or Middle Eastern nationality and therfore speak a different language although none of them are officially recognized as a national language.
Religion
The Netherlands is one of the most secular countries in Europe. An estimated 40% of the population(1998) is non-religious. The remaining are 31% Roman Catholic, 21% Protestant, and 4.4% Muslim. Protestants used to be the largest religion in the Netherlands however over the past century the older Protestant churches have been in rapid decline. Recently Islam has begun to gain foothold.