Concise List of Roman Emperors
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This is the short overview of Roman Emperors: for more detail and explanation, see: list of Roman Emperors and Roman Emperor.
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2 Western Empire |
The Principate/Claudian Dynasty
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| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 16 January 27 BC to 19 August AD 14 | Augustus | |
| 19 August 14 to 16 March 37 | Tiberius | |
| 18 March 37 to 24 January 41 | Gaius Caligula | Assassinated |
| 24 January 41 to 13 October 54 | Claudius | Assassinated by poisoning |
| October 54 to 11 June 68 | Nero | Committed suicide |
'Later Claudian' Dynasty
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 8 June 68 to 15 January 69 | Galba | Murdered by Otho; see: Year of the four emperors |
| 15 January 69 to 16 April 69 | Otho | Committed suicide; see: Year of the four emperors |
| 2 January 69 to 20 December 69 | Vitellius | Co-emperor; murdered in the Forum; see: Year of the four emperors |
Flavian Dynasty
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1 July 69 to 24 June 79 | Vespasian | AD70: Pontifex Maximus Pater Patriae co-emperor; see: Year of the four emperors |
| 24 June 79 to 13 September 81 | Titus Flavius | |
| 14 September 81 to 18 September 96 | Domitian | Assassinated |
Nervan-Antonian dynasty
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 18 September 96 to 27 January 98 | Nerva | |
| 28 January 98 to 7 August 117 | Trajan | |
| 11 August 117 to 10 July 138 | Hadrian | |
| 10 July 138 to 7 March 161 | Antoninus Pius | |
| 7 March 161 to 17 March 180 | Marcus Aurelius | |
| 7 March 161 to March 169 | Lucius Verus | 175 to 175 | Avidius Cassius | Usurper; proclaimed emperor: ruled in Egypt and Syria; murdered by a centurion |
| 177 to 31 December 192 | Commodus | Co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius to 17 March 180; Murdered: strangled by a wrestler |
Severan Dynasty, African, Asian and Syrian Emperors
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1 January 193 to 28 March 193 | Pertinax | recognized as emperor by Septimius Severus; murdered by soldiers on the Palatine |
| 28 March 193 to 1 June 193 | Didius Julianus | Sentenced to death by the Senate; murdered on the Palatine |
| 9 April 193 to 4 February 211 | Septimius Severus | |
| 193 to 194/195 | Pescennius Niger | Claimant: emperor in Syria |
| 193/195 to 197 | Clodius Albinus | Claimant: emperor in Britain |
| 198 to 4 February 211 | Caracalla | |
| 209 to 4 February 211 | Geta | Murdered by Caracalla |
| 11 April 217 to June 218 | Macrinus | Executed |
| May 217 to June 218 | Diadumenian | Executed |
| June 218 to 222 | Heliogabalus | Assassinated |
| 13 March 222 to ?March 235 | Alexander Severus | Pontifex Maximus Assassinated |
Rulers during the Crisis of the Third Century
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| February/March 235 to March/April 238 | Maximinus Thrax | Murdered by troops |
| earlyJanuary/March 238 to lateJanuary/April 238 | Gordian I | Committed suicide |
| earlyJanuary March 238 to lateJanuary/April 238 | Gordian II | Killed in battle |
| earlyFebruary 238 to earlyMay 238 | Pupienus Maximus | Murdered by the Praetorians |
| earlyFebruary 238 to earlyMay 238 | Balbinus | Murdered by the Praetorians |
| May 238 to February 244 | Gordian III | Murdered |
| 240 to 240 | Sabinianus | Proclaimed himself emperor; defeated in battle |
| February 244 to September/October 249 | Philip the Arab | Killed in battle by Decius |
| 248 to 248 | Pacantius | Proclaimed himself emperor; murdered by his own soldiers |
| 248 to 248 | Jotapian | Claimant |
| 248 to 248 | Silbannacus | Usurper |
| 249 to June 251 | Decius | Killed in battle |
| 249 to 252 | Priscus | Proclaimed himself emperor in the Eastern provinces |
| 250 to 250 | Licinianus | Claimant |
| early251 to 1 July 251 | Herennius Etruscus | Killed in battle |
| 251 to 251 | Hostilian | |
| June 251 to August 253 | Gallus | Murdered by his own soldiers |
| July 251 to August 253 | Volusianus | Murdered by his own soldiers |
| August 253 to October 253 | Aemilian | Murdered by his own soldiers |
| 253 to June 260 | Valerian I | Co-emperor with Gallienus; captured by Persians: died in captivity |
| 253 to September 268 | Gallienus | Co-emperor with Valerian 253 to 260; murdered |
| 258 or June 260 | Ingenuus | Proclaimed himself emperor |
| 260 | Regalianus | Proclaimed emperor |
| 260 to 261 | Macrianus Major | Proclaimed emperor; defeated and killed in battle |
| 260 to 261 | Macrianus Minor | Proclaimed emperor; defeated and killed in battle |
| 260 to 261 | Quietus | Claimant |
| 261 to 261 or 262 | Mussius Aemilianus | Proclaimed emperor |
| 268 to 268 | Aureolus | Proclaimed himself emperor; surrendered to Claudius II Gothicus |
Illyrian Emperors
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 268 to August 270 | Claudius II Gothicus | Died of plague |
| August 270 to September 270 | Quintillus | Co-emperor with Aurelian; committed suicide |
| August 270 to 275 | Aurelian | Co-emperor with Quintillus; murdered by the Praetorian Guard |
| 271 to 271 | Septimius | Proclaimed emperor in Dalmatia; killed by his own soldiers |
| November/December 275 to July 276 | Tacitus | Murdered |
| July 276 to September 276 | Florianus | Murdered |
| July 276 to lateSeptember 282 | Probus | Murdered by his own soldiers | 280 | Saturninus | Claimant: forced by his soldiers; proclaimed himself emperor; killed by his soldiers |
| 280 | Proculus | Claimant: acceding to the request of the people of Lugdunum; killed by Probus |
| 280 | Bonosus | Proclaimed himself emperor; defeated by Probus and committed suicide |
| September 282 to July/August 283 | Carus | |
| spring 283 to summer 285 | Carinus | Co-emperor with Numerianus; Murdered |
| July/August 283 to November 284 | Numerian | Co-emperor with Carinus |
Tetrarchy
'Collegiate Emperors' of the Constantine Dynasty
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 20 November 284 to 1 May 305 | Diocletian | Co-emperor with Maximian; Abdicated |
| 1 May 305 to 25 July 306 | Constantius I Chlorus | |
| 1 May 305 to May 311 | Galerius | Co-emperor with Severus II |
| 1 April 286 to 1 May 305 | Maximian | Co-emperor with Diocletian; forced to abdicate |
| August 306 to 16 September 307 | Severus II | Co-emperor with Galerius |
| 307 to 308 | Maximian | Abdicated |
| 28 October 306 to 28 October 312 | Maxentius | Drowned on order of Constantine I The Great |
| de jure: 307, de facto 312 to 22 May 337 | Constantine I The Great | |
| 308 | Domitius Alexander | Proclaimed himself emperor |
| 11 November 308 to 19 December 324 | Licinius | Co-emperor; abdicated; (executed early 325) |
| 1 May 310 to July/August 313 | Maximinus Daia | Co-emperor; committed suicide |
| 337 to 340 | Constantine II | Co-emperor; killed in battle |
| 337 to 361 | Constantius II | Co-emperor |
| 337 to 350 | Constans I | Co-emperor; killed by Magnentius |
| January 350 to 11 August 353 | Magnentius | Co-ruler; committed suicide |
| c.350 | Vetriano | Proclaimed himself emperor |
| c.350 | Nepotianus | Proclaimed himself emperor |
| November 361 to June 363 | Julian the Apostate | Killed in battle |
| 363 to 17 February 364 | Jovian | Died accidentally |
Valentinian Dynasty
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 26 February 364 to 17 November 375 | Valentinian_I | |
| 24 August 367 to 383 | Gratian | Assassinated |
| 375 to 385 | Valentinian II | Deposed; died in suspicious circumstances |
| 383 to 388 | Magnus Maximus | Rival in the west; deposed and executed |
| c.386 to 388 | Flavius Victor | Fate uncertain |
| 392 to 394 | Eugenius | Usurper in the west; killed in battle |
Theodosian Dynasty
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 388 to 17 January 395 | Theodosius I the Great | Co-emperor; emperor in the east from 379 |
| 23 January 393 to 395 | Honorius | Becoming emperor in the west |
Western Empire
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 395 to 15 August 423 | Honorius | Co-emperor with Constantius III (421) |
| 409 to 410 | Priscus Attalus | Claimant |
| 414 to 415 | Priscus Attalus | Claimant |
| 409 to 411 | Constantine III | Claimant |
| 411 to 412 | Jovinus | Claimant |
| 421 to 421 | Constantius III | Co-emperor with Honorius |
| 423 to 425 | Joannes | Claimant |
| 425 to 16 March 455 | Valentinian III | |
| 17 March 455 to 31 May 455 | Petronius Maximus | |
| June 455 to 17 October 456 | Avitus | |
| 457 to 2 August 461 | Majorian | Abdicated |
| 461 to 465 | Libius Severus | |
| 12 April 467 to 11 July 472 | Anthemius | Executed |
| July 472 to 2 November 472 | Olybrius | |
| 5 March 473 to June 474 | Glycerius | Abdicated |
| June 474 to August 475 | Julius Nepos | Emperor in the West until 475, Emperor in Dalmatia 477 to May 480; fled; murdered |
| 31 October 475 to August 476 | Romulus Augustus (Romulus Augustulus) | Deposed by Odoacer; fate unknown |
Eastern Empire
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 26 February 364 to 17 November 375 | Valentinian I | Co-emperor with Valens 364 to 378 |
| 28 March 365 to 9 August 366 | Valens | Killed in battle |
| September 365 to 27 May 366 | Procopius | Usurper; executed by Valens |
| 24 August 367 to 383 | Gratianus | co-emperor with Valentinian II (375 to 392); assassinated |
| 19 January 379 to 17 January 395 | Theodosius I The Great | Co-emperor in the west from 388 |
| 383 to January 395 | Arcadius | Becoming Byzantine Emperor January 395 |
Gallic Empire 260 to 274
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 260 to 268 | Postumus | |
| 269 to 269 | Laelianus | |
| 269 to 269 | Marius | |
| 269 to 271 | Victorinus | |
| 270 to 271 | Domitianus | Proclaimed emperor of the Gallic Empire |
| 271 to 274 | Tetricus I |
Britannic Empire 286 to 297
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 286 to 293 | Carausius | |
| 293 to 297 | Allectus |
continuation: see list of Barbarian kings of Italy
Eastern Empire
| Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 395 to 408 | Arcadius | |
| 408 to 450 | Theodosius II | |
| 450 to 457 | Marcian | |
| 457 to 474 | Leo I | |
| 474 to 474 | Leo II | |
| 474 to 491 | Zeno | |
| 475 to 476 | Basiliscus |
continuation: see list of Byzantine Emperors
see also Gallic Empire; Roman usurper
External links
- There are good biographies of most of the Roman Emperors in De Imperatoribus Romanis (http://www.roman-emperors.org/impindex.htm).bg:Списък на римските императори
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