1781 in music
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See also: 1780 in music, other events of 1781, 1782 in music, list of years in music.
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Events
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart loses his position at court in Vienna and becomes a freelance music teacher.
- Christian Gottlob Neefe takes on the young Ludwig van Beethoven as a pupil.
- Étienne Méhul makes his first, unsuccessful attempts at orchestral composition.
Classical music
- Oboe quartet by Mozart
- Concerto for Keyboard no 1 in C major by Giovanni Paisiello
- Concerto for Violin no 2 in D major by Samuel Wesley
Opera
- "Der Rauchfangkehrer" by Antonio Salieri
- "Idomeneo" by Mozart
- "Iphigenie en Tauride" by Niccolò Piccinni
- "La fedeltà premiata" by Joseph Haydn
Births
- January 22 - François-Antoine Habeneck, composer
- February 4 - Josef Myslivecek, composer
- March 11 - Anthony Philip Heinrich
- March 18 - Gustave Vogt, composer
- April 22 - Christian Friedrich Hermann Uber, composer
- May 24 - Louis-François Dauprat, composer and horn-player
- June 10 - Giovanni Battista Polledro, composer
- July 27 - Mauro Giuliani
- September 5 - Anton Diabelli
- November 3 - Johann Ernst Friedrich Wollank, composer
- November 18 - Felice Blangini, composer
- December 1 - Charles Philippe Lafont, composer
- unknown date - Vincent Novello
Deaths
- January 22 - Johann Siebenkas, composer
- February 4 - Josef Myslivecek, composer
- May 22 - Garret Wesley Mornington, composer
- July 11 - Adolph Carl Kunzen, composer
- July 30 - Augustin Ullinger, composer
- October 9 - Thomas Alexander Erskine Kelly, composer
- October 27 - Herman-François Delange
- October - Anton Zimmermann, composer