April 13
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April 13 is the 103rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (104th in leap years). There are 262 days remaining. It is also the Ides of April.
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Events
- 1055 - Victor II is consecrated pope
- 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor
- 1180 - Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter
- 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople
- 1598 - King Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes, allowing freedom of religion to the Huguenots
- 1829 - The British Parliament grants freedom of religion to Roman Catholics
- 1849 - Hungary becomes a republic
- 1861 - American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders
- 1873 - Colfax Massacre
- 1883 - Alferd Packer is convicted of murder
- 1902 - James C. Penney opens his first store in Kemmerer, Wyoming
- 1919 - Amritsar massacre: British and Gurkha troops massacre at least 379 unarmed demonstrators in Amritsar, India
- 1941 - Pact of neutrality between the USSR and Japan is signed
- 1943 - World War II: The discovery of a mass grave of Polish prisoners-of-war executed by Soviet forces in the Katyń Forest Massacre was announced in Germany, driving a wedge between the Western Allies, the Polish government-in-exile in London, and the Soviet Union.
- 1943 - The Jefferson Memorial is dedicated in Washington, DC, on the 200th anniversary of Thomas Jefferson's birth.
- 1945 - German troops massacre more than 1000 political and military prisoners in Gardelegen Germany. The atrocity is discovered two days later by American forces.
- 1970 - The oxygen tank aboard Apollo 13 explodes, putting the crew into deadly peril.
- 1975 - An attack by Phalangists on a Palestinian bus in Ain El Remmeneh, Lebanon marks the beginning of a 15 year civil war.
- 1983 - Harold Washington is elected as the first African-American mayor in Chicago's history
- 1984 - Pete Rose becomes the first player in National League history to collect 4,000 hits
- 1985 - Enver Hoxha is succeeded by Ramiz Alia as the leader of Albania
- 1986 - Jack Nicklaus wins his sixth Masters Tournament
- 1987 - Portugal and China sign an agreement in which the island of Macao would be returned to China in 1999
- 1990 - The Soviet Union admits to committing the Katyn Massacre
- 1993 - Baseball: Lee Smith passes Jeff Reardon for first on the all-time saves list with his 358th save in a 9-7 win over the Los Angeles Dodgers
- 1997 - Tiger Woods becomes the youngest golfer to win the Masters Tournament
- 2029 - The asteroid 2004 MN4 will pass within 65,000 km of the Earth
Births
- 1519 - Catherine de Medici, Queen of France (d. 1589)
- 1570 - Guy Fawkes, English Gunpowder Plot conspirator (d. 1606)
- 1593 - Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, English statesman (d. 1641)
- 1618 - Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy, French writer (d. 1693)
- 1713 - Frederick (Lord) North, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1792)
- 1729 - Thomas Percy, Bishop of Dromore and magazine editor (d. 1811)
- 1735 - Isaac Low, New York delegate to the Continental Congress (d. 1791)
- 1743 - Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President of the United States (d. 1826)
- 1747 - Louis Philip II, Duke of Orléans (d. 1793)
- 1769 - Thomas Lawrence, English painter (d. 1830)
- 1771 - Richard Trevithick, mechanical engineer (d. 1833)
- 1780 - Alexander Mitchell, Irish engineer (d. 1868)
- 1787 - John Robertson, U.S. congressman (d. 1873)
- 1808 - Antonio Meucci, Italian inventor (d. 1896)
- 1825 - Thomas D'Arcy McGee, Canadian journalist and politician (d. 1868)
- 1828 - Joseph Barber Lightfoot, English theologian and Bishop of Durham (d. 1889)
- 1832 - Juan Montalvo, Ecuadoran author (d. 1889)
- 1841 - Louis-Ernest Barrias, French sculptor (d. 1905)
- 1850 - Arthur Matthew Weld Downing, British astronomer (d. 1917)
- 1852 - F.W. Woolworth, businessman, founder of Woolworth's (d. 1919)
- 1860 - James Ensor, painter (d. 1949)
- 1866 - Butch Cassidy, American outlaw (d. 1908)
- 1872 - Alexander Roda Roda, writer (d. 1945)
- 1873 - John W. Davis, American politician (d. 1955)
- 1875 - Ray Lyman Wilbur, U.S. Secretary of the Interior (d. 1949)
- 1880 - Charles Christie, film studio owner (d. 1955)
- 1881 - Ludwig Binswanger, psychiatrist (d. 1966)
- 1885 - Georg Lukács, philosopher and literary critic (d. 1971)
- 1887 - Gordon S. Fahrni, Canadian physician and President of the Canadian Medical Association (d. 1995)
- 1889 - Herbert Osborne Yardley, cryptographer (d. 1958)
- 1890 - Frank Murphy, American public servant (d. 1949)
- 1891 - Nella Larsen, African-American novelist (d. 1964)
- 1892 - Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt, inventor of Radar (d. 1973)
- 1892 - Arthur Travers 'Bomber' Harris, Royal Air Force commander in World War II (d. 1984)
- 1894 - Arthur Fadden, thirteenth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1973)
- 1897 - Werner Voss, German World War I flying ace (d. 1917)
- 1900 - Pierre Molinier, painter and photographer (d. 1976)
- 1901 - Jacques Lacan, psychoanalyst and semanticist (d. 1981)
- 1902 - Philippe de Rothschild, race car driver and wine grower (d. 1988)
- 1904 - Sir David Robinson, British philanthropist and entrepreneur (d. 1987)
- 1906 - Samuel Beckett, Irish writer, winner of the Nobel Prize in literature (d. 1989)
- 1907 - Harold Stassen, frequent candidate for President of the United States (d. 2001)
- 1909 - Eudora Welty, American writer, winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction 1973 (d. 2001)
- 1909 - Stanislaw Marcin Ulam, Polish-American mathematician (d. 1984)
- 1911 - Ico Hitrec, Croatian football player (d.1946)
- 1919 - Howard Keel, actor, singer, and president of the Screen Actors Guild (d. 2004)
- 1919 - Roland Gaucher, French journalist
- 1919 - Madalyn Murray O'Hair, American atheist (disappeared 1995)
- 1920 - Roberto Calvi, banker (d. 1982)
- 1920 - Liam Cosgrave, fifth Taoiseach of the Ireland
- 1920 - John LaPorta, jazz musician
- 1920 - Claude Cheysson, French politician
- 1922 - John Braine, British novelist (d. 1986)
- 1922 - Julius Nyerere, Tanzanian politician (d. 1999)
- 1923 - Don Adams, actor and comedian
- 1924 - Stanley Donen, director
- 1924 - Jack Chick, Christian evangelist
- 1926 - John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough
- 1928 - Alan Clark, British politician (d. 1999)
- 1931 - Dan Gurney, race car driver
- 1932 - Orlando Letelier, Chilean politician (d. 1976)
- 1933 - Ben Nighthorse Campbell. U.S. Senator
- 1935 - Lyle Waggoner, actor
- 1937 - Lanford Wilson, playwright
- 1937 - Edward Fox, British actor
- 1939 - Paul Sorvino, actor
- 1939 - Seamus Heaney, Irish poet
- 1943 - Bill Conti, musician
- 1943 - Billy Kidd, American skier
- 1944 - Jack Casady, musician (Jefferson Airplane)
- 1944 - Susan Davis, American politician
- 1945 - Bob Kalsu, American football player (d. 1970)
- 1945 - Tony Dow, child actor
- 1945 - Charles Robinson, American actor
- 1946 - Al Green, singer and pastor
- 1948 - Sue Doughty, British politician
- 1949 - Frank Doran, Scottish Politician
- 1949 - Christopher Hitchens, journalist, critic, and author
- 1950 - Ron Perlman, actor
- 1950 - William Sadler. actor
- 1950 - Terry Lester, American actor (d. 2003)
- 1951 - Peabo Bryson, pop singer
- 1951 - Peter Davison, actor
- 1951 - Max Weinberg, drummer
- 1952 - David Drew, British politician
- 1952 - Ron Dittemore, NASA manager
- 1953 - Stephen Byers, British politician
- 1954 - Jimmy Destri, musician
- 1955 - Ole von Beust, mayor of Hamburg
- 1955 - Lupe Pintor, Mexican boxer
- 1956 - Alison Wheeler, British political activist
- 1956 - Peter 'Possum' Bourne, Australian race car driver (d. 2003)
- 1960 - Rudi Völler, German football coach
- 1962 - Hillel Slovak, guitarist (Red Hot Chili Peppers) (d. 1988)
- 1963 - Garry Kasparov, chess grandmaster
- 1964 - Caroline Rhea, actress
- 1970 - Rick Schroder, actor
- 1972 - Mariusz Czerkawski, hockey player
- 1972 - Aaron Lewis, singer
- 1974 - Sergei Gonchar, hockey player
- 1975 - Lou Bega, musician and artist
- 1976 - Jonathan Brandis, actor (d. 2003)
- 1976 - Patrik Elias, hockey player
- 1978 - Arron Asham, hockey player
- 1979 - Baron Davis, basketball player
- 1997 - Sloane Momsen , actress
Deaths
- 799 - Paul the Deacon, monk and chronicler (b. ca 720)
- 814 - Krum, khan of Bulgaria
- 1093 - Vsevolod I of Kiev (b. 1093)
- 1279 - Boleslaus the Pious, Polish duke
- 1605 - Boris Godunov, Tsar of Russia
- 1638 - Henri, duc de Rohan, French Huguenot leader (b. 1579)
- 1695 - Jean de la Fontaine, French author (b. 1621)
- 1722 - Charles Leslie, theologian (b. 1650)
- 1794 - Nicolas Chamfort, French writer (b. 1741)
- 1793 - Pierre Gaspard Chaumette, French revolutionary (b. 1763)
- 1826 - Franz Danzi, German composer (b. 1763)
- 1853 - James Iredell, Jr., Governor of North Carolina 1b. 1788)
- 1853 - Leopold Gmelin, German chemist (b. 1788)
- 1855 - Henry De la Beche, English geologist (b. 1796)
- 1868 - Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1818)
- 1880 - Robert Fortune, Scottish botanist (b. 1813)
- 1882 - Bruno Bauer, German theologian (b. 1809)
- 1909 - Whitley Stokes, British lawyer (b. 1830)
- 1910 - William Quiller Orchardson, British painter (b. 1835)
- 1911 - George Washington Glick, Governor of Kansas (b. 1827)
- 1911 - John McLane, Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1852)
- 1912 - Ishikawa Takuboku, Japanese author (b. 1886)
- 1925 - Elwood Haynes, automobile pioneer
- 1938 - Grey Owl, proponent of nature conservation (b. 1888)
- 1941 - Annie Jump Cannon, American astronomer (b. 1863)
- 1945 - Ernst Cassirer, German philosopher (b. 1874)
- 1961 - Army Pfc. John A. Bennett (executed)
- 1962 - Culbert Olson, Governor of California (b. 1876)
- 1966 - Abdul Salam Arif, President of Iraq (b. 1921)
- 1975 - François (Ngarta) Tombalbaye, first president of Chad (b. 1918)
- 1975 - Larry Parks, American actor (b. 1914)
- 1978 - Jack Chambers, Canadian artist and film maker (b. 1931)
- 1981 - Asaka Yasuhiko, member of the Japanese imperial family (b. 1887)
- 1984 - Ralph Kirkpatrick, American musician (b. 1911)
- 1984 - Richard Hurndall. British actor (b. 1910)
- 1997 - Dorothy Frooks, American author, publisher, military figure, and actress (b. 1896)
- 1999 - Willi Stoph, East Germany politician
- 2000 - Giorgio Bassani, Italian writer (b. 1916)
- 2002 - Jon Gustafson, editor
- 2004 - Lou Berberet, baseball player (b. 1929)
- 2004 - Caron Keating, British television presenter (b. 1962)
- 2005 - Johnnie Johnson (b. 1924), Rock and Roll Hall of Fame member, piano player and blues musician
Holidays and Observances
- First day of Thai New Year
External links
- BBC: On This Day (http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/13)
- Today in History: April 13 (http://www.tnl.net/when/4/13)
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