1265
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For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century.
| Years: 1262 1263 1264 - 1265 - 1266 1267 1268 | |
| Decades: 1230s 1240s 1250s - 1260s - 1270s 1280s 1290s | |
| Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century 1265 state leaders | |
| Contents |
Events
Missing image
Edward_I_of_England_-_Illustration_from_Cassell's_History_of_England_-_Century_Edition_-_published_circa_1902.jpg
Edward_I_of_England_-_Illustration_from_Cassell's_History_of_England_-_Century_Edition_-_published_circa_1902.jpg
Future English King Edward I escapes captivity and defeats Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265.
Europe
War and politics
- January 20 - In Westminster, the first English parliament conducts its first meeting in the Palace of Westminster, now also known as the Houses of Parliament.
- Before August - Future King Edward I of England escapes captivity in the hands of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester.
- August 4 - The Battle of Evesham of the Second Barons' War is fought in Worcestershire, with the army of Edward defeating the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort and killing de Montfort and many of his allies. This is sometimes considered the death of chivalry in England.
- King Alfonso X of Castile captures the city of Alicante, Spain from the Moors during the Reconquista.
- The Isle of Man comes under Scottish rule.
Culture
- The Book of Aneirin, a Welsh manuscript of poetry, is penned.
- The brewing of Budweiser Budvar beer begins in Bohemia (now part of the Czech Republic); Budweiser Budvar has been produced continuously there to this day.
- Correspondence from Pope Clement IV contains the first known mention of the ring of the Fisherman, an item of papal regalia then used to seal personal correspondence from the pope and later for papal bulls.
Africa and Asia
- The Mamluk Bahri dynasty of Egypt captures several cities and towns from Crusader states in the Middle East, including the cities of Haifa, Arsuf, and Caesarea Palaestina; these events eventually precipitate the Eighth Crusade in 1267.
- Kublai Khan sends a delegation to Japan, which loots islands along the way.
- Fire destroys parts of Old Cairo.
Births
- King Alfonso III of Aragon
- May 10 - Emperor Fushimi of Japan
- May 29 - Dante Alighieri, Italian poet (d. 1321)
- John Duns Scotus, philosopher (year uncertain)
- Duke Henry VI of Carinthia (year uncertain)
Deaths
- February 8 - Hulagu Khan, Mongol khan (b. 1217)
- April 25 - Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester
- August 4 - Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester
- August 4 - Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer
- August 4 - Henry de Montfort
- December 3 - Odofredus, Italian jurist
- Peter de Montfort
- Al-Abhari, Persian philosopher and mathematician
See also
- List of state leaders in 1265
- Map of the Byzantine Empire in 1265 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ShepherdByzempire1265.jpg)af:1265
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