Mammal classification
|
|
Mammalia is a class of animal within the Phylum Chordata. Mammal classification has been through several iterations since Carolus Linnaeus initially defined the class. Many earlier ideas have been completely abandoned by modern taxonomists, among these are the idea that bats are related to birds or that humans represent a completely distinct group. Competing ideas about the relationships of mammal orders do persist and are currently in development. Most significantly in recent years, cladistic thinking has led to an effort to ensure that all taxonomic designations represent monophyletic groups. The field has also seen a recent surge in interest and modification due to the results of molecular phylogenetics.
George Gaylord Simpson's classic "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (Simpson, 1945) was the original source for the taxonomy listed here. Simpson laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century.
Since Simpson's 1945 classification, the paleontological record has been recalibrated, and the intervening years have seen much debate and progress concerning the theoretical underpinnings of systematization itself, partly through the new concept of cladistics. Though field work gradually made Simpson's classification outdated, it remained the closest thing to an official classification of mammals.
| Contents |
Standardized textbook classification
A somewhat standardized classification system has been adopted by most current mammalogy classroom textbooks. The following taxonomy of extant and recently extinct mammals is taken from Vaughan et al. (2000). This approach emphasizes an initial split between egg-laying prototherians and live-bearing therians. The therians are further divided into the marsupial Metatheria and the "placental" eutheria. No attempt is made here to further distinguish among the orders within these subclasses and infraclasses. This system also makes no note of the position of entirely fossil groups.
In this and later taxonomies listed here, families are merely listed under the order to which they belong. Please see the pages associated with specific orders to see more detailed relationships among families in that order.
Subclass Prototheria
- Order Monotremata
- Family Tachyglossidae
- Family Ornithorhynchidae
Subclass Theria
- Infraclass Metatheria
- Order Didelphimorphia
- Family Didelphidae
- Order Paucituberculata
- Family Caenolestidae
- Order Microbiotheria
- Family Microbiotheriidae
- Order Dasyuromorphia
- Family Thylacinidae
- Family Myrmecobiidae
- Family Dasyuridae
- Order Peramelemorphia
- Family Peramelidae
- Family Peroryctidae
- Order Notoryctemorphia
- Family Notoryctidae
- Order Diprotodontia
- Family Phascolarctidae
- Family Vombatidae
- Family Phalangeridae
- Family Potoroidae
- Family Macropodidae
- Family Burramyidae
- Family Pseudocheiridae
- Family Petauridae
- Family Tarsipedidae
- Family Acrobatidae
- Order Didelphimorphia
- Infraclass Eutheria
- Order Xenarthra
- Family Bradypodidae
- Family Megalonychidae
- Family Dasypodidae
- Family Myrmecophagidae
- Order Insectivora
- Family Solenodontidae
- Family Nesophontidae
- Family Tenrecidae
- Family Chrysochloridae
- Family Erinaceidae
- Family Soricidae
- Family Talpidae
- Order Scandentia
- Family Tupaiidae
- Order Dermoptera
- Family Cynocephalidae
- Order Chiroptera
- Family Pteropodidae
- Family Emballonuridae
- Family Craseonycteridae
- Family Rhinopomatidae
- Family Nycteridae
- Family Megadermatidae
- Family Rhinolophidae
- Family Phyllostomidae
- Family Mormoopidae
- Family Noctilionidae
- Family Mystacinidae
- Family Molossidae
- Family Myzopodidae
- Family Thyropteridae
- Family Furipteridae
- Family Natalidae
- Family Vespertilionidae
- Order Primates
- Family Daubentoniidae
- Family Lemuridae
- Family Lepilemuridae
- Family Galagidae
- Family Lorisidae
- Family Cheirogaleidae
- Family Indridae
- Family Tarsiidae
- Family Cercopithecidae
- Family Hominidae
- Family Hylobatidae
- Family Callitrichidae
- Family Cebidae
- Order Carnivora
- Family Felidae
- Family Viverridae
- Family Herpestidae
- Family Hyaenidae
- Family Canidae
- Family Ursidae
- Family Otariidae
- Family Phocidae
- Family Odobenidae
- Family Mustelidae
- Family Procyonidae
- Order Cetacea
- Family Balaenopteridae
- Family Eschrichtiidae
- Family Balaenidae
- Family Neobalaenidae
- Family Physeteridae
- Family Ziphiidae
- Family Platanistidae
- Family Delphinidae
- Family Monodontidae
- Family Phocoenidae
- Order Sirenia
- Family Dugongidae
- Family Trichechidae
- Order Proboscidea
- Family Elephantidae
- Order Perissodactyla
- Family Equidae
- Family Tapiridae
- Family Rhinocerotidae
- Order Hyracoidea
- Family Procaviidae
- Order Tubulidentata
- Family Orycteropodidae
- Order Artiodactyla
- Family Suidae
- Family Tayassuidae
- Family Hippopotamidae
- Family Camelidae
- Family Tragulidae
- Family Giraffidae
- Family Moschidae
- Family Cervidae
- Family Antilocapridae
- Family Bovidae
- Order Pholidota
- Family Manidae
- Order Rodentia
- Family Aplodontiidae
- Family Sciuridae
- Family Castoridae
- Family Geomyidae
- Family Heteromyidae
- Family Dipodidae
- Family Muridae
- Family Anomaluridae
- Family Pedetidae
- Family Ctenodactylidae
- Family Myoxidae
- Family Bathyergidae
- Family Hystricidae
- Family Petromuridae
- Family Thryonomyidae
- Family Erethizontidae
- Family Chinchillidae
- Family Dinomyidae
- Family Caviidae
- Family Hydrochaeridae
- Family Dasyproctidae
- Family Agoutidae
- Family Ctenomyidae
- Family Octodontidae
- Family Abrocomidae
- Family Echimyidae
- Family Capromyidae
- Family Heptaxodontidae
- Family Myocastoridae
- Order Lagomorpha
- Family Ochotonidae
- Family Leporidae
- Order Macroscelidea
- Family Macroscelididae
- Order Xenarthra
McKenna/Bell classification
In 1997, the mammals were comprehensively revised by Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell, which has resulted in the "McKenna/Bell classification".
McKenna and Bell, Classification of Mammals: Above the species level, (McKenna & Bell, 1997) is the most comprehensive work to date on the systematics, relationships, and occurrences of all mammal taxa, living and extinct, down through the rank of genus. The new McKenna/Bell classification was quickly accepted by paleontologists. The authors work together as paleontologists at the American Museum of Natural History, New York. McKenna inherited the project from Simpson and, with Bell, constructed a completely updated hierarchical system, covering living and extinct taxa that reflects the historical genealogy of Mammalia.
The McKenna/Bell hierarchical listing of all of the terms used for mammal groups above the species includes extinct mammals as well as modern groups, and introduces some fine distinctions such as legions and sublegions (ranks which fall between classes and orders) that are likely to be glossed over by the layman.
The published re-classification forms both a comprehensive and authoritative record of approved names and classifications and a list of invalid names.
Click on the highlighted link for a table comparing the traditional and the new McKenna/Bell classifications of mammals (http://nasa.utep.edu/chih/chklist/mammals/keys/mammtab.htm)
Extinct groups are represented by †.
Subclass Prototheria
(monotremes)
- Order Platypoda: platypuses
- Family Ornithorhynchidae: platypuses
- Order Tachyglossa: spiny anteaters
- Family Tachyglossidae: spiny anteaters
Sublass Theriiformes
- Infraclass †Allotheria
- Order †Multituberculata: multituberculates
- Family †Plagiaulacidae
- Family †Bolodontidae
- Family †Hahnodontidae
- Family †Albionbaataridae
- Family †Arginbaataridae
- Family †Kogaionidae
- Family †Sloanbaataridae
- Family †Cimolodontidae
- Family †Ptilodontidae
- Family †Cimolomyidae
- Family †Eucosmodontidae
- Family †Taeniolabididae
- Family †Ferugliotheriidae
- Family †Sudamericidae
- Order †Multituberculata: multituberculates
- Infraclass †Triconodonta
- Family †Austrotriconodontidae
- Family †Amphilestidae
- Family †Triconodontidae
- Infraclass Holotheria
- Family †Chronoperatidae
- Superlegion †Kuehneotheria
- Family †Kuehneotheriidae
- Family †Woutersiidae
- Superlegion Trechnotheria
- Legion †Symmetrodonta
- Family †Shuotheriidae
- Order †Amphidontoidea
- Family †Amphidontidae
- Order †Spalacotherioidea
- Family †Tinodontidae
- Family †Spalacotheriidae
- Family †Barbereniidae
- Legion Cladotheria
- Sublegion †Dryolestoidea
- Order †Dryolestida
- Family †Dryolestidae
- Family †Paurodontidae
- Family †Donodontidae
- Family †Mesungulatidae
- Family †Reigitheriidae
- Family †Brandoniidae
- Order †Amphitheriida
- Family †Amphitheriidae
- Order †Dryolestida
- Sublegion Zatheria
- Family †Arguitheriidae
- Family †Arguimuridae
- Family †Vincelestidae
- Infralegion †Peramura
- Family †Peramuridae
- Infralegion Tribosphenida
- Family †Necrolestidae
- Supercohort †Aegialodontia
- Family †Aegialodontidae
- Supercohort Theria: therian mammals
- Family †Pappotheriidae
- Family †Holoclemensiidae
- Family †Kermackiidae
- Family †Endotheriidae
- Family †Picopsidae
- Family †Potamotelsidae
- Family †Plicatodontidae
- Order †Deltatheroida
- Family †Deltatheridiidae
- Family †Deltatheroididae
- Order †Asiadelphia
- Family †Asiatheriidae
- Cohort Marsupialia: marsupials
- Family †Yingabalanaridae
- Family †Stagodontidae
- Family †Pediomyidae
- Magnorder Australidelphia
- Superorder Microbiotheria
- Family Microbiotheriidae
- Superorder Eometatheria
- Order †Yalkaparidontia
- Family †Yalkaparidontidae
- Order Notoryctemorphia: marsupial moles
- Family Notoryctidae: marsupial moles
- Grandorder Dasyuromorphia: marsupial carnivores
- Family †Thylacinidae: recently extinct Tasmanian wolf and relatives
- Family Dasyuridae: marsupial carnivores
- Grandorder Syndactyli: syndactylous marsupials
- Order Peramelia: bandicoots
- Family Peramelidae
- Family Peroryctidae
- Order Diprotodontia
- Family †Palorchestidae
- Family †Wynardiidae
- Family †Thylacoleonidae
- Family Tarsipedidae: honey possum
- Family †Ilariidae
- Family †Diprotodontidae
- Family Vombatidae: wombats
- Family Phalangeridae: phalangers
- Family Burramyidae: pygmy possums
- Family Macropodidae: rat kangaroos, kangaroos and wallabies
- Family Petauridae: gliders
- Family †Ektopodontidae
- Family Phascolarctidae: koala
- Family †Pilkipildridae
- Family †Miralinidae
- Family Acrobatidae: feather-tail glider, pen-tailed phalanger
- Order Peramelia: bandicoots
- Order †Yalkaparidontia
- Superorder Microbiotheria
- Magnorder Ameridelphia
- Order Didelphimorphia: opossums
- Family Didelphidae: opossums
- Family †Sparassocynidae
- Order Paucituberculata
- Family †Sternbergiidae
- Family Caenolestidae: rat or shrew opossums
- Family †Paleothentidae
- Family †Abderitidae
- Family †Sillustaniidae
- Family †Polydolopidae
- Family †Prepidolopidae
- Family †Bonapartheriidae
- Family †Argyrolagidae
- Family †Patagoniidae
- Family †Groeberiidae
- Family †Glasbiidae
- Family †Caroloameghiniidae
- Order †Sparassodonta
- Family †Mayulestidae
- Family †Hondadelphidae
- Family †Borhyaenidae
- Order Didelphimorphia: opossums
- Cohort Placentalia: placentals
- Order †Bibymalagasia
- Magnorder Xenarthra: edentates
- Order Cingulata: armadillos and relatives
- Family Dasypodidae: armadillos
- Family †Peltephilidae
- Family †Pampatheriidae
- Family †Palaeopeltidae
- Family †Glyptodontidae: glyptodonts
- Order Pilosa: anteaters, sloths, and relatives
- Family †Entelopidae
- Family Myrmecophagidae: giant anteaters and relatives
- Family Cyclopedidae: pygmy anteater
- Family †Rathymotheriidae
- Family †Scelidotheriidae
- Family †Mylodontidae
- Family †Megatheriidae: ground sloths
- Family Megalonychidae: two-toed sloths
- Family Bradypodidae: three-toed sloths
- Order Cingulata: armadillos and relatives
- Magnorder Epitheria: epitheres
- Superorder †Leptictida
- Family †Gypsonictopidae
- Family †Kulbeckiidae
- Family †Didymoconidae
- Family †Leptictidae
- Superorder Preptotheria
- Grandorder Anagalida
- Family †Zambdalestidae
- Family †Anagalidae
- Family †Pseudictopidae
- Mirorder Macroscelidea: elephant shrews
- Family Macroscelididae: elephant shrews
- Mirorder Duplicidentata
- Order †Mimotonida
- Family †Mimotonidae
- Order Lagomorpha
- Family Ochotonidae: pikas
- Family Leporidae: rabbits
- Order †Mimotonida
- Mirorder Simplicidentata
- Order †Mixodontia
- Family †Eurymylidae
- Order Rodentia: rodents
- Family †Alagomyidae
- Family †Laredomyidae
- Family †Ischyromyidae
- Family †Allomyidae
- Family Aplodontiidae: mountain beaver
- Family †Mylagaulidae
- Family †Theridomyidae
- Family †Reithroparamyidae
- Family Sciuridae: squirrels
- Family †Eutypomyidae
- Family Castoridae: beavers
- Family †Rhizospalacidae
- Family †Protoptychidae
- Family †Armintomyidae
- Family Dipodidae: jumping mice, jerboas
- Family †Simimyidae
- Family Muridae: rats, mice, and relatives
- Family Myoxidae: dormice
- Family †Eomyidae
- Family †Florentiamyidae
- Family Geomyidae: pocket gophers, pocket mice, and kangaroo rats
- Family Pedetidae: springhaas
- Family †Parapedetidae
- Family †Zegdoumyidae
- Family Anomaluridae: scaly-tailed squirrels
- Family †Ivanantoniidae
- Family †Sciuravidae
- Family †Chapattimyidae
- Family †Cylindrodontidae
- Family Ctenodactylidae: gundis
- Family †Tsaganomyidae
- Family Hystricidae: Old World porcupines
- Family Erethizontidae: New World porcupines
- Family †Myophiomyidae
- Family †Diamantomyidae
- Family †Phiomyidae
- Family †Kenyamyidae
- Family Petromuridae: rock rats
- Family Thryonomyidae: cane rats
- Family Bathyergidae: mole-rats
- Family †Bathyergoididae
- Family Agoutidae: agoutis and pacas
- Family †Eocardiidae
- Family Dinomyidae: pacarana
- Family Caviidae: cavies
- Family Hydrochoeridae: capybara
- Family Octodontidae: degus, tuco-tucos
- Family Echimyidae: spiny rats, nutria
- Family Capromyidae: hutias
- Family †Heptaxodontidae
- Family Chinchillidae: chinchillas, viscachas
- Family †Neoepiblemidae
- Family Abrocomidae: rat chinchillas
- Order †Mixodontia
- Grandorder Ferae
- Order Cimolesta - pangolins and relatives
- Family †Palaeoryctidae
- Family †Cimolestidae
- Family †Apatemyidae
- Family †Stylinodontidae
- Family †Tillotheriidae
- Family †Wangliidae
- Family †Harpyodidae
- Family †Bemalambdidae
- Family †Pastoralodontidae
- Family †Titanoideidae
- Family †Pantolambdidae
- Family †Barylambdidae
- Family †Cyriacotheriidae
- Family †Pantolambdodontidae
- Family †Coryphodontidae
- Family †Pantolestidae
- Family †Paroxyclaenidae
- Family †Ptolemaiidae
- Family †Epoicotheriidae
- Family †Metacheiromyidae
- Family Manidae: pangolins
- Family †Ernanodontidae
- Order †Creodonta: creodonts
- Family †Hyaenodontidae
- Family †Oxyaenidae
- Order Carnivora
- Family †Viverravidae
- Family †Nimravidae
- Family Felidae: cats
- Family Viverridae: civets, asiatic palm civets
- Family Herpestidae: mongooses
- Family Hyaenidae: hyaenas, aardwolf
- Family Nandiniidae: african plam civets
- Family †Miacidae
- Family Canidae: dogs
- Family †Amphicyonidae
- Family Ursidae: bears
- Family †Hemicyonidae
- Family Otariidae: eared seals
- Family Phocidae: seals, walrus
- Family Mustelidae: weasels, skunks, and relatives
- Family Procyonidae: ringtails, olingos, kinkajou, raccoons, coatis, red panda
- Order Cimolesta - pangolins and relatives
- Grandorder Lipotyphla
- Family †Adapisoriculidae
- Order Chrysochloridea
- Family Chrysochloridae: golden moles
- Order Erinaceomorpha
- Family †Sespedectidae
- Family †Amphilemuridae
- Family †Adapisoricidae
- Family †Creotarsidae
- Family Erinaceidae: hedgehogs and relatives
- Family †Proscalopidae
- Family Talpidae: moles
- Family †Dimylidae
- Order Soricomorpha
- Family †Otlestidae
- Family †Geolabididae
- Family †Nesophontidae: recently extinct west indian shrews
- Family †Micropternodontidae
- Family †Apternodontidae
- Family Solenodontidae: solenodons
- Family †Plesiosoricidae
- Family †Nyctitheriidae
- Family Soricidae: shrews
- Family Tenrecidae: tenrecs
- Order Chrysochloridea
- Family †Adapisoriculidae
- Grandorder Archonta
- Order Chiroptera: bats
- Family Pteropodidae: flying foxes
- Family †Archaeonycteridae
- Family †Paleochiropterygidae
- Family †Hassianycterididae
- Family Emballonuridae: sac-winged bats
- Family Rhinopomatidae: mouse-tailed bats
- Family Craseonycteridae: bumblebee bats
- Family Megadermatidae: false vampire bats
- Family Nycteridae: hispid bats
- Family Rhinolophidae: horseshoe and Old World leaf-nosed bats
- Family Mystacinidae: New Zealand short-tailed bats
- Family Noctillionidae: fishing bats
- Family Mormoopidae: spectacled bats
- Family Phyllostomidae: New World leaf-nosed and vampire bats
- Family †Philisidae
- Family Molossidae: free-tailed bats
- Family Natalidae: funnel-eared bats
- Family Furipteridae: smoky bats
- Family Thyropteridae: New World sucker-footed bats
- Family Myzopodidae: Old World sucker-footed bats
- Family Vespertilionidae: common bats
- Order Primates: primates
- Family †Purgatoriidae
- Family †Microsyopidae
- Family †Micromomyidae
- Family †Picromomyidae
- Family †Plesiadapidae
- Family †Palaechthonidae
- Family †Picrodontidae
- Family †Paramomyidae
- Family †Plagiomenidae
- Family †Mixodectidae
- Family Galeopithecidae: colugos
- Family †Plesiopithecidae
- Family Daubentoniidae: aye-aye
- Family †Adapidae
- Family Lemuridae: lemurs
- Family Lorisidae: lorises and galagos
- Family Cheirogaleidae: dwarf lemurs
- Family †Archaeolemuridae
- Family †Palaeopropithecidae
- Family Indridae: indris and sifakas
- Family †Carpolestidae
- Family †Omomyidae
- Family †Microchoeridae
- Family †Afrotarsiidae
- Family Tarsiidae: tarsiers
- Family †Eosimiidae
- Family †Parapithecidae
- Family †Pliopithecidae
- Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys including colobuses
- Family Hominidae: humans, greater apes, lesser apes
- Family Callitrichidae: marmosets
- Family Atelidae: New World monkeys
- Order Scandentia
- Family Tupaiidae: tree shrews
- Order Chiroptera: bats
- Grandorder Ungulata: ungulates
- Order Tubulidentata
- Family Orycteropodidae: aardvark
- Order †Dinocerata
- Family †Uintatheriidae
- Mirorder Eparctocyona
- Order †Procreodi
- Family †Oxyclaenidae
- Family †Arctocyonidae
- Order †Condylarthra
- Family †Hyopsodontidae
- Family †Mioclaenidae
- Family †Phenacodontidae
- Family †Periptychidae
- Family †Peligrotheriidae
- Family †Didolodontidae
- Order †Arctostylopida
- Family †Arctostylopidae
- Order Cete: whales and relatives
- Family †Triisodontidae
- Family †Mesonychidae: mesonychids
- Family †Hapalodectidae
- Family †Basilosauridae
- Family †Protocetidae
- Family †Remingtonocetidae
- Family †Agorophiidae
- Family †Squalodontidae
- Family †Rhabdosteidae
- Family †Aetiocetidae
- Family †Mammalodontidae
- Family †Cetotheriidae
- Family Balaenopteridae: rorquals and grey whales
- Family Balaenidae: right and bowhead whales
- Family Physeteridae: sperm whales
- Family Hyperoodontidae: beaked whales
- Family Platanistidae: river dolphins
- Family Delphinidae: dolphins
- Family Pontoporiidae: La Plata River dolphin
- Family Lipotidae: baiiji
- Family Iniidae: Amazon River dolphin
- Family †Kentridontidae
- Family Monodontidae: beluga and narwhal
- Family †Odobenocetopsidae
- Family †Dalpiazinidae
- Family †Acrodelphinidae
- Family Phocoenidae: porpoises
- Family †Albireonidae
- Family †Hemisyntrachelidae
- Order Artiodactyla: even-toed ungulates
- Family †Raoellidae
- Family †Choeropotamidae
- Family Suidae: pigs
- Family Tayassuidae: peccaries
- Family †Santheriidae
- Family Hippopotamidae: hippos
- Family †Dichobunidae
- Family †Cebochoeridae
- Family †Mixtotheriidae
- Family †Helohyidae
- Family †Haplobunodontidae
- Family †Anthracotheriidae
- Family †Dacrytheriidae
- Family †Anoplotheriidae
- Family †Cainotheriidae
- Family †Agriochoeridae
- Family †Oreodontidae
- Family †Entelodontidae
- Family †Xiphodontidae
- Family Camelidae: camels and llamas
- Family †Oromerycidae
- Family †Protoceratidae
- Family †Amphimerycidae
- Family †Hypertragulidae
- Family Tragulidae: mouse deer
- Family †Leptomerycidae
- Family †Bachitheriidae
- Family †Lophiomerycidae
- Family †Gelocidae
- Family Moschidae: musk deer
- Family Antilocapridae: pronghorn
- Family †Palaeomerycidae
- Family †Hoplitomerycidae
- Family Cervidae: deer
- Family †Climacoceratidae
- Family Giraffidae: giraffe and okapi
- Family Bovidae: cattle, antelope, and relatives
- Order †Procreodi
- Mirorder †Meridiungulata
- Family †Perutheriidae
- Family †Amilnedwardsiidae
- Order †Liptopterna
- Family †Protolipternidae
- Family †Macraucheniidae
- Family †Notonychopidae
- Family †Adianthidae
- Family †Proterotheriidae
- Order †Notoungulata: notoungulates
- Family †Henricosborniidae
- Family †Notostylopidae
- Family †Isotemnidae
- Family †Leontiniidae
- Family †Notohippidae
- Family †Toxodontidae
- Family †Homalodotheriidae
- Family †Archaeopithecidae
- Family †Oldfieldthomasiidae
- Family †Interatheriidae
- Family †Campanorcidae
- Family †Mesotheriidae
- Family †Archaeohyracidae
- Family †Hegetotheriidae
- Order †Astrapotheria
- Family †Eoastrapostylopidae
- Family †Trigonostylopidae
- Family †Astrapotheriidae
- Order †Xenungulata
- Family †Carodniidae
- Order †Pyrotheria
- Family †Pyrotheriidae
- Mirorder Altungulata
- Order Perissodactyla: odd-toed ungulates
- Family Equidae: horses
- Family †Palaeotheriidae
- Family †Brontotheriidae
- Family †Anchilophidae
- Family †Eomoropidae
- Family †Chalicotheriidae
- Family †Hyracodontidae
- Family Rhinocerotidae: rhinoceroses
- Family †Helaletidae
- Family †Isectolophidae
- Family †Lophiodontidae
- Family †Deperetellidae
- Family †Lophialetidae
- Family Tapiridae: tapirs
- Order Uranotheria: elephants, manatees, hyraxes, and relatives
- Family †Pliohyracidae
- Family Procaviidae: hyraxes
- Family †Phenacolophidae
- Family †Arsinoitheriidae
- Family †Prorastomidae
- Family Dugongidae: dugongs
- Family Trichechidae: manatees
- Family †Desmostylidae
- Family †Anthracobunidae
- Family †Moeritheriidae
- Family †Numidotheriidae
- Family †Barytheriidae
- Family †Deinotheriidae
- Family †Palaeomastodontidae
- Family †Phiomiidae
- Family †Hemimastodontidae
- Family †Mammutidae: mastodons and relatives
- Family †Gomphotheriidae: gomphotheres
- Family Elephantidae: modern elephants
- Order Perissodactyla: odd-toed ungulates
- Order Tubulidentata
- Grandorder Anagalida
- Superorder †Leptictida
- Sublegion †Dryolestoidea
- Legion †Symmetrodonta
Molecular classification of mammals
Molecular studies by a small group of molecular systematicists, based on DNA analysis, have revealed new relationships among mammal families over the last few years. The most recent classification systems based on molecular studies reveal four groups or lineages of placental mammals which diverged from early common ancestors in the Cretaceous.
The first divergence was that of the Afrotheria 110–100 million years ago (Ma). The Afrotheria proceeded to evolve and diversify in the isolation of the African-Arabian continent. The Xenarthra, isolated in South America, diverged from the Boreoeutheria approximately 100–95 mya. The Boreoeutheria split into the Laurasiatheria and Euarchontoglires between 95 and 85 mya; both of these groups evolved on the northern continent of Laurasia.
After tens of millions of years of relative isolation, Africa-Arabia collided with Eurasia, and the formation of the Isthmus of Panama linked South America and North America, facilitating the distribution of mammals seen today. With the exception of bats and murine rodents, no placental land mammals reached Australasia until the first human settlers arrived approximately 50,000 years ago.
It should however be noted that these molecular results are still controversial mainly because they are not reflected by morphological data and thus not accepted by many systematists. It is also important to note that fossil taxa are not and, in most cases cannot, be included. Although there are instances of DNA being recovered from prehistoric mammals such as the ground sloth Mylodon and Neanderthal humans, Homo neanderthalensis, fossils can generally only be incorporated in morphological analyses.
The following taxonomy only includes living placentals (infraclass Eutheria):
Group I: Afrotheria
- Order Macroscelidea
- Family Macroscelididae: elephant shrews (Africa).
- Order Afrosoricida
- Family Tenrecidae: tenrecs (Madagascar) and otter-shrews (West and Central Africa).
- Family Chrysochloridae: golden moles (Africa south of the Sahara).
- Order Tubulidentata
- Family Orycteropodidae: aardvark (Africa south of the Sahara).
- Clade Paenungulata
- Order Proboscidea
- Family Elephantidae: elephants (Africa, Southeast Asia).
- Order Hyracoidea
- Family Procaviidae: hyraxes, dassies (Africa, Arabia).
- Order Sirenia
- Family Dugongidae: dugong (East Africa, Red Sea, North Australia).
- Family Trichechidae: manatees (tropical Atlantic coasts and adjacent rivers).
- Order Proboscidea
Group II: Xenarthra
- Order Xenarthra:
- Family Dasypodidae: armadillos (Neotropical and Nearctic)
- Family Myrmecophagidae: anteaters (Neotropical)
- Family Megalonychidae: two-toed sloths
- Family Bradypodidae: three-toed sloths
Clade Boreoeutheria
- Group III Euarchontoglires
- Superorder Euarchonta
- Order Scandentia
- Family Tupaiidae: tree shrews (Southeast Asia).
- Clade Primatomorpha
- Order Dermoptera
- Family Cynocephalidae: flying lemurs or colugos (Southeast Asia).
- Order Dermoptera
- Order Primates: lemurs, bushbabies, monkeys, apes (cosmopolitan).
- Family Cheirogaleidae: dwarf lemurs (Madagascar)
- Family Lemuridae: lemurs (Madagascar)
- Family Lepilemuridae: mongoose lemurs (Madagascar)
- Family Indridae: indri and sifakas (Madagascar)
- Family Daubentoniidae: aye-aye (Madagascar area)
- Family Lorisidae: lorises and potto (Africa and Southeast Asia)
- Family Galagidae: galagos (Africa)
- Family Tarsiidae: tarsiers (Southeast Asia)
- Family Callitrichidae: marmosets and tamarins (South America)
- Family Cebidae: New World monkeys (South America)
- Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys (Africa and Eurasia)
- Family Hylobatidae: gibbons (Southeast Asia)
- Family Hominidae: great apes (worldwide)
- Order Scandentia
- Superorder Glires
- Order Lagomorpha: pikas, rabbits, hares (Eurasia, Africa, Americas).
- Family Leporidae: rabbits and hares (Eurasia, Africa, Americas)
- Family Ochotonidae: pikas (Holarctic)
- Order Rodentia: rodents (cosmopolitan)
- Family Aplodontiidae: mountain beaver (North America)
- Family Sciuridae: squirrels, chipmunks, and marmots (cosmopolitan except Australia)
- Family Gliridae: dormice (Africa, Eurasia)
- Family Castoridae: beavers (Holarctic)
- Family Geomyidae: pocket gophers (North America)
- Family Heteromyidae: kangaroo rats (North America)
- Family Dipodidae: jerboas and jumping mice (Africa, Eurasia, North America)
- Family Platacanthomyidae: spiny dormouse (Southeast Asia)
- Family Spalacidae: zokors, root rats, blind mole rats (Africa, Eurasia)
- Family Calomyscidae: mouse-like hamsters (Asia)
- Family Nesomyidae: old endemic African muroids (Africa, Madagascar)
- Family Cricetidae: hamsters, voles, and New World rats and mice (Holarctic, South America)
- Family Muridae: Old World rats and mice and gerbils (Africa, Eurasia, Australia)
- Family Anomaluridae: scaly-tailed flying squirrels (Africa)
- Family Pedetidae: springhaas (Africa)
- Family Ctenodactylidae: gundis (Africa, Asia)
- Family Hystricidae: Old World porcupines (Africa, Asia)
- Family Bathyergidae: African mole-rats (Africa)
- Family Petromuridae: rock dassies (Africa)
- Family Thryonomyidae: cane rats (Africa)
- Family Erethizontidae: New World porcupines (New World)
- Family Chinchillidae: chinchillas and viscachas (South America)
- Family Dinomyidae: pacarana (South America)
- Family Caviidae: cavies and capybara (South America)
- Family Dasyproctidae: agoutis and acouchis (South America)
- Family Agoutidae: paca (South America)
- Family Ctenomyidae: tuco-tucos (South America)
- Family Octodontidae: degus (South America)
- Family Abrocomidae: chinchilla-rats (South America)
- Family Echimyidae: spiny rats (South America)
- Family Capromyidae: hutias (South America)
- Family Myocastoridae: nutrias (South America)
- Order Lagomorpha: pikas, rabbits, hares (Eurasia, Africa, Americas).
- Superorder Euarchonta
- Group IV: Laurasiatheria
- Order Insectivora/Eulipotyphla
- Family Solenodontidae: solenodons (Cuba, Hispaniola).
- Family Erinaceidae: hedgehogs, moonrats (Eurasia, Africa).
- Family Soricidae: shrews (Eurasia, Africa, North America to northern South America).
- Family Talpidae: moles, shrew-moles, desmans (Eurasia, North America).
- Clade Scrotifera
- Order Chiroptera: bats (cosmopolitan)
- Family Pteropodidae: flying foxes (Africa, Eurasia, Australia)
- Family Rhinolophidae: Old World horseshoe and leaf-nosed bats (Old World)
- Family Emballonuridae: sac-winged bats (southern continents)
- Family Craseonycteridae: Kitti's hog-nosed bat (Thailand)
- Family Rhinopomatidae: mouse-tailed bats (Africa, Southeast Asia)
- Family Nycteridae: slit-faced bats (Africa, Southeast Asia)
- Family Megadermatidae: false vampire bats (Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia)
- Family Phyllostomidae: leaf-nosed bats (South America)
- Family Mormoopidae: leaf-chinned bats (South America)
- Family Noctilionidae: fishing bats (South America)
- Family Mystacinidae: short-tailed bats (New Zealand)
- Family Molossidae: free-tailed bats (cosmopolitan)
- Family Myzopodidae: sucker-footed bats (Madagascar)
- Family Thyropteridae: sucker-footed bats (South America)
- Family Furipteridae: smoky bats (South America)
- Family Natalidae: funnel-eared bats (South America)
- Family Vespertilionidae: vesper bats (cosmopolitan)
- Clade Cetferungulata or Ferungulata
- Order Cetartiodactyla: includes former orders Artiodactyla and Cetacea
- Family Camelidae: camels (South America, Asia)
- Family Suidae: pigs (Africa, Eurasia)
- Family Tayassuidae: peccaries (New World)
- Family Hippopotamidae: hippos (Africa)
- Family Balaenopteridae: rorquals and grey whales
- Family Balaenidae: right and bowhead whales
- Family Physeteridae: sperm whales
- Family Hyperoodontidae: beaked whales
- Family Platanistidae: river dolphins
- Family Delphinidae: dolphins
- Family Pontoporiidae: La Plata River dolphin
- Family Lipotidae: baiiji
- Family Iniidae: Amazon River dolphin
- Family Monodontidae: beluga and narwhal
- Family Phocoenidae: porpoises
- Family Tragulidae: mouse-deer (Africa, Asia)
- Family Antilocapridae: pronghorn (North America)
- Family Giraffidae: giraffe and okapi (Africa)
- Family Cervidae: deer (Holarctic, South America)
- Family Moschidae: musk deer (Asia)
- Family Bovidae: cattle, antelope, sheep, etc. (Africa, Holarctic)
- Clade Zooamata
- Order Perissodactyla: odd-toed ungulates
- Family Equidae: horses, zebras, donkeys (Africa, West and Central Asia).
- Family Tapiridae: tapirs (Central and South America, Southeast Asia).
- Family Rhinocerotidae: rhinoceroses (Africa, Southeast Asia).
- Clade Ferae
- Order Pholidota
- Family Manidae: pangolins, scaly anteaters (Africa, South Asia).
- Order Carnivora: carnivorans (cosmopolitan)
- Family Felidae: cats
- Family Viverridae: civets, asiatic palm civets
- Family Herpestidae: mongooses
- Family Hyaenidae: hyaenas, aardwolf
- Family Canidae: dogs
- Family Ursidae: bears
- Family Otariidae: eared seals
- Family Odobenidae: walrus
- Family Phocidae: seals, walrus
- Family Ailuridae: red panda
- Family Mephitidae: skunks
- Family Mustelidae: weasels and relatives
- Family Procyonidae: ringtails, olingos, kinkajou, raccoons, coatis, red panda
- Order Pholidota
- Order Perissodactyla: odd-toed ungulates
- Order Cetartiodactyla: includes former orders Artiodactyla and Cetacea
- Order Chiroptera: bats (cosmopolitan)
- Order Insectivora/Eulipotyphla
Mammal Taxonomy classification
Mammal Taxonomy (http://www.geocities.com/mammal_taxonomy/index.html) is an internet database of mammals. The classification Mammal Taxonomy uses is notable in that it's apparently the first essentially molecular classification which includes fossil groups.
- Class Mammalia
- Genus Tribactonodon†
- Genus Tikitherium†
- Genus Adelobasileus†
- Genus Hadrocodium†
- Genus Nakunodon†
- Genus Amphidon†
- Family Chronoperatidae†
- Family Woutersiidae†
- Family Fruitafossoridae†
- Family Repenomamidae†
- Family Theroteinidae†
- Order Triconodonta†
- Genus Tendagurodon†
- Genus Dyskritodon†
- Genus Jeholodens†
- Family Austrotriconodontidae†
- Family Gobiconodontidae†
- Family Amphilestidae†
- Family Triconodontidae†
- Order Morganucodonta†
- Family Morganucodontidae†
- Order Sinoconodontiformes†
- Family Sinoconodontidae†
- Order Docodonta†
- Genus Delsatia†
- Family Dinnetheriidae†
- Family Megazostrodontidae†
- Family Docodontidae†
- Family Tegotheriidae†
- Family Reigitheriidae†
- Order Symmetrodonta†
- Genus Manchurodon†
- Family Kuehneotheriidae†
- Family Tinodontidae†
- Family Shuotheriidae†
- Superfamily Spalacotherioidea†
- Genus Zhangheotherium†
- Family Spalacotheriidae†
- Subclass Allotheria†
- Order Haramiyida†
- Suborder Haramiyoidea†
- Family Haramiyaviidae†
- Family Eleutherodontidae†
- Family Haramiyidae†
- Suborder Theroteinida†
- Family Theroteinidae†
- Suborder Haramiyoidea†
- Order Gondwanatheria†
- Family Ferugliotheriidae†
- Family Sudamericidae†
- Order Multituberculata†
- Family Arginbaataridae†
- Suborder Plagiaulacida†
- Genus Janumys†
- Genus Glirodon†
- Genus Ameribaatar†
- Family Allodontidae†
- Family Zofiabaataridae†
- Family Paulchoffatiidae†
- Family Hahnodontidae†
- Family Pinheirodontidae†
- Family Plagiaulacidae†
- Family Albionbaataridae†
- Family Eobaataridae†
- Suborder Cimolodonta†
- Genus Uzbekbaatar†
- Genus Viridomys†
- Paracimexomys group†
- Family Eucosmodontidae†
- Family Microcosmodontidae†
- Family Kogaionidae†
- Family Cimolomyidae†
- Family Boffiidae†
- Superfamily Djadochtatherioidea†
- Genus Bulganbaatar†
- Genus Chulsanbaatar†
- Genus Nemegtbaatar†
- Family Sloanbaataridae†
- Family Djadochtatheriidae†
- Superfamily Taeniolabidoidea†
- Family Taeniolabididae†
- Superfamily Ptilodontoidea†
- Genus Neoliotomus†
- Family Neoplagiaulacidae†
- Family Ptilodontidae†
- Family Cimolodontidae†
- Order Haramiyida†
- Subclass Australosphenida
- Genus Asfaltomylos†
- Genus Ambondro†
- Order Ausktribosphenida†
- Family Ausktribosphenidae†
- Infraclass Monotremata
- Order Platypoda
- Family Ornithorhynchidae
- Order Tachyglossa
- Family Tachyglossidae
- Order Platypoda
- Subclass Theriiformes
- Infraclass Cladotheria†
- Genus Thereuodon†
- Genus Atlasodon†
- Superorder Dryolestoidea†
- Order Dryolestida†
- Genus Bondesius†
- Genus Barberenia†
- Genus Quirogatherium†
- Family Casamiquelidae†
- Family Donodontidae†
- Family Peligrotheriidae†
- Family Mesungulatidae†
- Family Brandoniidae†
- Family Paurodontidae†
- Family Dryolestidae†
- Order Dryolestida†
- Superorder Zatheria†
- Genus Nanolestes†
- Family Arguitheriidae†
- Family Arguimuridae†
- Family Vincelestidae†
- Order Peramura†
- Family Amphitheriidae†
- Family Peramuridae†
- Order Boreosphenida†
- Genus Hypomylos†
- Genus Montanalestes†
- Genus Anizorhinus†
- Genus Tetraprothomo†
- Genus Tribotherium†
- Genus Zygiocuspis†
- Genus Aethomylos†
- Genus Kasserinotherium†
- Genus Dakotadens†
- Family Necrolestidae†
- Family Aegialodontidae†
- Family Russellmyidae†
- Family Endotheriidae†
- Family Potamotelsidae†
- Family Plicatodontidae†
- Family Pappotheriidae†
- Family Kermackiidae†
- Family Picopsidae†
- Infraclass Metatheria
- Genus Sinodelphys†
- Order Deltatheroida†
- Genus Atokatheridium†
- Genus Khuduklestes†
- Genus Falepterus†
- Family Deltatheridiidae†
- Cohort Boreometatheria†
- Genus Camptomus†
- Genus Aenigmadelphys†
- Genus Anchistodelphys†
- Genus Iqualadelphis†
- Order Asiadelphia†
- Family Kokopelliidae†
- Family Asiatheriidae†
- Order Ameridelphia†
- Genus Adelodelphys†
- Genus Ectocentrocristus†
- Genus Iugomortiferum†
- Genus Jaskhadelphys†
- Genus Progarzonia†
- Genus Protalphadon†
- Genus Sinbadelphys†
- Genus Varalphodon†
- Family Bistiidae†
- Family Herpetotheriidae†
- Family Alphadontidae†
- Family Pediomyidae†
- Family Stagodontidae†
- Cohort Notometatheria
- Genus Ischyrodelphis†
- Genus Pascualdelphys†
- Family Peradectidae†
- Subcohort Sparassodonta†
- Order Borhyaeniformes†
- Genus Anatherium†
- Genus Plesiofelis†
- Genus Pseudonotictis†
- Genus Sallacyon†
- Family Mayulestidae†
- Family Hathliacynidae†
- Family Borhyaenidae†
- Family Proborhyaenidae†
- Family Prothylacinidae†
- Family Thylacosmilidae†
- Order Borhyaeniformes†
- Subcohort Marsupialia
- Genus Andinodelphys†
- Genus Hondadelphys†
- Genus Pucadelphys†
- Order Paucituberculata
- Suborder Caenolestoidea
- Genus Callomenus†
- Genus Cladoclinus†
- Genus Epanorthus†
- Genus Garzonia†
- Genus Paleepanorthus†
- Family Carolopaulacoutoiidae†
- Family Caenolestidae
- Family Palaeothentidae†
- Family Abderitidae†
- Suborder Polydolopimorphia†
- Family Protodidelphidae†
- Infraorder Polydolopoidea†
- Genus Palangania†
- Family Sillustaniidae†
- Family Bonapartheriidae†
- Family Prepidolopidae†
- Family Polydolopidae†
- Infraorder Simpsonitheria†
- Superfamily Argyrolagoidea†
- Family Gashterniidae†
- Family Argyrolagidae†
- Family Groeberiidae†
- Superfamily Caroloameghinioidea†
- Family Glasbiidae†
- Family Caroloameghiniidae†
- Superfamily Argyrolagoidea†
- Suborder Caenolestoidea
- Order Didelphimorphia
- Genus Hyladelphys
- Genus Szalinia†
- Superfamily Didelphoidea†
- Genus Paradidelphys†
- Genus Peratotherium†
- Family Derorhynchidae†
- Family Sparassocynidae†
- Family Didelphidae†
- Order Microbiotheria
- Family Microbiotheriidae
- Order Yalkaparidontia†
- Family Yalkaparidontidae†
- Order Dasyuromorphia
- Genus Mayigriphus†
- Genus Joculosium†
- Family Dasyuridae
- Family Thylacinidae
- Family Myrmecobiidae
- Order Notoryctemorphia
- Family Notoryctidae
- Order Peramelemorphia
- Superfamily Thylacotingoidea†
- Family Thylacotingidae†
- Superfamily Yaraloidea†
- Family Yaralidae†
- Superfamily Perameloidea
- Family Peramelidae
- Family Chaeropodidae
- Family Thylacomyidae
- Superfamily Thylacotingoidea†
- Order Diprotontia
- Suborder Vombatiformes
- Family Palorchestidae†
- Family Wynyardiidae†
- Family Thylacoleonidae†
- Superfamily Phascolarctoidae
- Family Phascolarctidae
- Superfamily Vombatoidae
- Family Vombatidae
- Family Ilariidae†
- Family Diprotontidae†
- Suborder Vombatiformes
- Suborder Phalangeriformes
- Superfamily Phalangeroidae
- Family Burramyidae
- Family Phalangeridae
- Family Pilkipildridae†
- Family Ektopodontidae†
- Family Miralinidae†
- Superfamily Petauroidae
- Family Tarsipedidae
- Family Pseudocheiridae
- Family Petauridae
- Family Acrobatidae
- Superfamily Phalangeroidae
- Suborder Macropodiformes
- Genus Ganguroo
- Genus Galanaria
- Family Hypsiprymnodontidae
- Family Potoroidae
- Family Macropodidae
- Infraclass Eutheria
- Genus Adelotherium†
- Genus Adrasotherium†
- Genus Arrhinolemur†
- Genus Astrapodon†
- Genus Bulaklestes†
- Genus Cephalonus†
- Genus Choichephilum†
- Genus Cretasorex†
- Genus Daulestes†
- Genus Diastomicodon†
- Genus Edvardocoopeia†
- Genus Elocyon†
- Genus Eodesmatodon†
- Genus Eomaia†
- Genus Ergilictis†
- Genus Eupithecops†
- Genus Eutomodus†
- Genus Eutrigonodon†
- Genus Eutrochodon†
- Genus Hedralophus†
- Genus Helioseus†
- Genus Heterocoryphodon†
- Genus Hyotheridium†
- Genus Idiogenomys†
- Genus Janvierocyon†
- Genus Lophocoelus†
- Genus Murtoilestes†
- Genus Neodesmostylus†
- Genus Nesciotherium†
- Genus Obtususdon†
- Genus Paranyctoides†
- Genus Planodus†
- Genus Prochalicotherium†
- Genus Proplanodus†
- Genus Sahnitherium†
- Genus Stenotephanos†
- Genus Tingamarra†
- Genus Trigonolophodon†
- Genus Veratalpa†
- Genus Wanotherium†
- Genus Zaisanolophus†
- Order Protodelphia†
- Family Holoclemensiidae†
- Supercohort Atlantogenata
- Cohort Afrotheria
- Family Loxolophidae†
- Family Phenacolophidae†
- Order Afredentata†
- Family Eurotamanduidae†
- Order Embrithopoda†
- Family Aniscotheriidae†
- Order Desmostylia†
- Family Desmostylidae†
- Order Proboscidea
- Genus Jozaria†
- Family Anthracobunidae†
- Family Moeritheriidae†
- Suborder Euproboscidea
- Infraorder Barytherioidea†
- Family Numidotheriidae†
- Family Barytheriidae†
- Family Deinotheriidae†
- Infraorder Elephantiformes
- Family Phioniidae†
- Family Paleomastodontidae†
- Family Hemimastodontidae†
- Family Mammutidae†
- Superfamily Elephantoidea
- Family Choerolophodontidae†
- Family Amebelodontidae†
- Family Gnathabelodontidae†
- Family Gomphotheriidae†
- Family Elephantidae
- Infraorder Barytherioidea†
- Order Sirenia
- Genus Ishatherium†
- Genus Sirenotherium†
- Family Prorastomatidae†
- Family Protosirenidae†
- Family Dugongidae
- Family Trichechidae
- Order Hyracoidea
- Family Pliohyracidae†
- Family Procaviidae
- Order Tubulidentata
- Family Orycteropodidae
- Order Bibymalagasia†
- Family Plesiorycteropodidae†
- Order Macroscelidea
- Family Microhyidae†
- Family Macroscelididae
- Order Afrosoricida
- Suborder Chrysochloridea
- Family Chrysochloridae
- Suborder Tenrecomorpha
- Family Tenrecidae
- Suborder Chrysochloridea
- Cohort Xenarthra
- Order Pilosa
- Genus Trematherium†
- Family Entelopidae†
- Suborder Phyllophaga
- Genus Diellipsodon†
- Genus Amphiocnus†
- Genus Pseudoglyptodon†
- Family Rathymotheriidae†
- Infraorder Mylodonta†
- Superfamily Orophodontoidea†
- Family Orophodontidae†
- Superfamily Mylodontoidea†
- Genus Pseudoprepotherium†
- Family Scelidotheriidae†
- Family Mylodontidae†
- Superfamily Orophodontoidea†
- Infraorder Megatheria
- Superfamily Bradypodoidea
- Family Bradypodidae
- Superfamily Megatherioidea
- Family Megatheriidae†
- Family Megalonychidae
- Superfamily Bradypodoidea
- Suborder Vermilingua
- Genus Argyromanis†
- Genus Orthoarthus†
- Family Myrmecophagidae
- Family Cyclopedidae
- Order Cingulata
- Family Dasypodidae
- Family Protobradidae†
- Family Peltephilidae†
- Family Pampatheriidae†
- Family Palaeopeltidae†
- Family Glyptodontidae†
- Order Pilosa
- Cohort Meridiungulata†
- Genus Acamana†
- Genus Anagonia†
- Genus Heterolophodon†
- Genus Lambdaconus†
- Genus Prostylophorus†
- Genus Trilobodon†
- Family Didolodontidae†
- Family Perutheriidae†
- Family Kollpaniidae†
- Order Xenungulata†
- Family Etayoidae†
- Family Carodniidae†
- Suborder Pyrotheria†
- Family Colombitheriidae†
- Family Pyrotheriidae†
- Order Astrapotheria†
- Genus Granastrapotherium†
- Family Eoastrapostylopidae†
- Family Trigonostylopidae†
- Family Astrapotheriidae†
- Order Notongulata†
- Genus Acoelodus†
- Genus Archaeotypotherium†
- Genus Carolodarwinia†
- Genus Epitypotherium†
- Genus Isotypotherium†
- Genus Lophiodonticulus†
- Genus Loxocoelus†
- Genus Orthogeniops†
- Genus Ortholophodon†
- Genus Pachypithecus†
- Genus Pleurystylops†
- Genus Procolpodon†
- Genus Pyramidon†
- Genus Senodon†
- Genus Tonostylops†
- Suborder Notioprongonia†
- Genus Satshatemnus†
- Genus Seudenius†
- Family Arctostylopidae†
- Family Henricosborniidae†
- Family Notostylopidae†
- Suborder Toxodontia†
- Genus Colhuapia†
- Genus Pampahippus†
- Genus Plexotemnus†
- Genus Puelia†
- Family Oldfieldthomasiidae†
- Family Leontiniidae†
- Family Toxodontidae†
- Suborder Typotheria†
- Genus Acama†
- Genus Brandmayria†
- Genus Typotherium†
- Superfamily Typotherioidea†
- Family Interatheriidae†
- Superfamily Hegetotherioidea†
- Genus Campanorco†
- Genus Pseudopachyrucos†
- Family Archaeohyracidae†
- Family Hegetotheriidae†
- Family Mesotheriidae†
- Family Archaeopithecidae†
- Family Homalodotheriidae†
- Family Isotemnidae†
- Order Litopterna†
- Genus Eoauchenia†
- Genus Megamys†
- Genus Miguelsoria†
- Family Protolipternidae†
- Family Proterotheriidae†
- Family Notonychopidae†
- Family Adianthidae†
- Family Macraucheniidae†
- Cohort Afrotheria
- Supercohort Boreoeutheria
- Cohort Kennalestoidea†
- Order Zalambdalestida†
- Family Zalambdalestidae†
- Order Asioryctitheria†
- Family Asioryctidae†
- Family Kennalestidae†
- Order Zalambdalestida†
- Cohort Laurasiatheria
- Subcohort Eulipotyphla
- Family Adapisoriculidae†
- Family Micropternodontidae†
- Family Palaeoryctidae†
- Order Erinaceomorpha
- Genus Leipsanolestes†
- Genus Adunator†
- Genus Diacocherus†
- Family Diacodontidae†
- Family Creotarsidae†
- Family Sespedectidae†
- Family Amphilemuridae†
- Family Adapisoricidae†
- Family Erinaceidae
- Order Solenodontomorphia
- Family Nesophontidae†
- Family Solenodontidae
- Order Soricomorphia
- Genus Geomana†
- Family Otlestidae†
- Family Geolabididae†
- Superfamily Talpoidea
- Genus Hesperoscalops†
- Family Proscalopidae†
- Family Dimylidae†
- Family Talpidae
- Superfamily Soricoidea
- Genus Iconapternodus†
- Family Apternodontidae†
- Family Oligoryctidae†
- Family Parapternodontidae†
- Family Plesiosoricidae†
- Family Nyctitheriidae†
- Family Soricidae
- Subcohort Scrotifera
- Order Chiroptera
- Genus Ageina†
- Genus Alastorius†
- Genus Chadronycteris†
- Genus Submyotodon†
- Family Archaeonycteridae†
- Family Hassianycteridae†
- Family Tanzanycteridae†
- Family Palaeochiropterygidae†
- Suborder Yinpterochiroptera
- Infraorder Megachiroptera
- Family Pteropodidae
- Infraorder Yinochiroptera
- Superfamily Rhinopomatoidea
- Family Craseonycteridae
- Family Rhinopomatidae
- Superfamily Megadermatoidea
- Family Megadermatidae
- Superfamily Rhinolophoidea
- Family Rhinolophidae
- Superfamily Rhinopomatoidea
- Infraorder Megachiroptera
- Suborder Yangochiroptera
- Family Nycteridae
- Family Emballonuridae
- Infraorder Noctilionida
- Superfamily Mystacinoidea
- Family Mystacinidae
- Superfamily Noctilionoidea
- Family Thyropteridae
- Family Furipteridae
- Family Noctilionidae
- Superfamily Phyllostomatoidea
- Family Mormoopidae
- Family Phyllostomatidae
- Superfamily Mystacinoidea
- Infraorder Vespertilionida
- Family Philisidae†
- Family Natalidae
- Family Myzopodidae
- Family Molossidae
- Family Miniopteridae
- Family Vespertilionidae
- Clade Ferungulata (carnivores, cimolestans, perissodactyls, artiodactyls, whales and condylarths)
- The author of Mammal Taxonomy himself thinks the classification of the Ferungulata is unsatisfactory and should not be listed here.
- Order Chiroptera
- Subcohort Eulipotyphla
- Cohort Euarchontoglires
- Subcohort Leptictida†
- Order Leptictiformes†
- Genus Wania†
- Family Gypsonictopidae†
- Family Kulbeckiidae†
- Family Didymoconidae†
- Family Leptictidae†
- Order Leptictiformes†
- Subcohort Euarchonta
- Family Purgatoriidae†
- Order Scandentia
- Genus Nycticonodon†
- Family Tupaiidae
- Family Ptilocercidae
- Order Plesiadapiformes†
- Family Micromomyidae†
- Family Picromomyidae†
- Family Palaechthonidae†
- Family Picrodontidae†
- Family Microsyopidae†
- Family Plesiadapidae†
- Order Dermoptera
- Family Thylacaeluridae†
- Family Paromomyidae†
- Family Plagiomenidae†
- Family Mixodectidae†
- Family Cynocephalidae
- Order Primates
- Mammal Taxonomy's author thinks the classification of this group, like the Ferungulata, isn't good enough to list here.
- Subcohort Glires
- Genus Anchilestes†
- Genus Praolestes†
- Order Anagaloidea†
- Family Anagalidae†
- Family Pseudictopidae†
- Order Lagomorpha
- Genus Gobiolagus†
- Genus Lushilagus†
- Genus Mytonolagus†
- Genus Shamolagus†
- Family Mimotonidae†
- Family Mimolagidae†
- Family Ochotonidae
- Family Prolagidae†
- Family Leporidae
- Order Rodentia
- Genus Aktashmys†
- Genus Asiaparamys†
- Genus Decipomys†
- Genus Eomylus†
- Genus Kazygurtia†
- Genus Khaychina†
- Genus Marfilomys†
- Genus Nikolomys†
- Genus Zagmys†
- Family Eurymylidae†
- Family Alagomyidae†
- Family Laredomyidae†
- Family Youmyidae†
- Family Diatomyidae†
- Suborder Hystricomorpha
- Infaorder Ctenodactylomorphi
- Genus Prolapsus†
- Genus Pipestoneomys†
- Genus Khodzhentia†
- Genus Hohomys†
- Genus Meldimys†
- Genus Metkamys†
- Family Ivananantoniidae†
- Family Sciuravidae†
- Family Chapattimyidae†
- Family Cylindrodontidae†
- Family Ctenodactylidae
- Infaorder Hystricognathi
- Genus Paracryptomys†
- Genus Tataromys†
- Genus Tsaganomys†
- Genus Luribayomys†
- Family Laonastidae
- Family Diamantomyidae†
- Family Myophiomyidae†
- Family Phiomyidae†
- Family Kenyamyidae†
- Family Hystricidae
- Family Erethizontidae
- Family Petromuridae
- Family Thryonomyidae
- Family Bathyergoididae†
- Family Bathyergidae
- Superfamily Chinchilloidea
- Family Chinchillidae
- Family Neoepiblemidae†
- Family Abrocomidae
- Superfamily Myocastoroidea
- Genus Caviocricetus†
- Genus Dicolpomys†
- Genus Morenella†
- Genus Plataeomys†
- Genus Xaymaca†
- Family Octodontidae
- Family Ctenomyidae
- Family Echimyidae
- Family Amblyrhizidae†
- Family Capromyidae
- Family Myocastoridae
- Superfamily Cavioidea
- Genus Scotamys†
- Family Eocardiidae†
- Family Caviidae
- Family Dinomyidae
- Family Dasyproctidae
- Family Cuniculidae
- Infaorder Ctenodactylomorphi
- Suborder Theridomyomorpha†
- Family Theridomyidae†
- Suborder Sciuromorpha
- Infraorder Aplodontiimorpha
- Superfamily Ischyromyoidea†
- Family Ischyromyidae†
- Superfamily Aplodontioidea
- Genus Epeiromys†
- Genus Sinomylagaulus†
- Family Allomyidae†
- Family Mylagaulidae†
- Family Aplodontiidae
- Superfamily Ischyromyoidea†
- Infraorder Sciurida
- Family Reithroparamyidae†
- Family Sciuridae
- Infraorder Gliromorpha
- Family Gliridae
- Infraorder Aplodontiimorpha
- Suborder Castorimorpha
- Superfamily Castoroidea
- Family Eutypomyidae†
- Family Rhizospalacidae†
- Family Castoridae
- Superfamily Geomyoidea
- Family Eomyidae†
- Family Heliscomyidae†
- Family Mojavemyidae†
- Family Heteromyidae
- Family Geomyidae
- Superfamily Castoroidea
- Suborder Anomaluromorpha
- Superfamily Anomaluroidea
- Genus Downsimys†
- Family Zegdoumyidae†
- Family Anomaluridae
- Superfamily Pedetoidea
- Family Parapedetidae†
- Family Pedetidae
- Superfamily Anomaluroidea
- Suborder Myomorpha
- Superfamily Protoptychoidea†
- Family Protoptychidae†
- Superfamily Jaculoidea
- Genus Zindapiria†
- Family Armintomyidae†
- Family Jaculidae
- Family Sicistidae
- Superfamily Muroidea
- Genus Occitanomys†
- Genus Hansdebruijnia†
- Genus Leilaomys†
- Family Anomalomyidae†
- Family Simimyidae†
- Family Spalacidae
- Family Platacanthomyidae
- Family Calomyscidae
- Family Nesomyidae
- Family Muridae
- Family Cricetidae
- Superfamily Protoptychoidea†
- Subcohort Leptictida†
- Cohort Kennalestoidea†
- Infraclass Cladotheria†
Classification system used in related articles
In light of all the options available, the following classification system has been adopted for use in related articles.
Subclass/Order Monotremata
- Order Monotremata
- Family Tachyglossidae: echidnas
- Family Ornithorhynchidae: platypus
- Family Kollikodontidae: ancient, extinct monotreme somewhat similar to platypus
Subclass Marsupialia
- Order Didelphimorphia
- Family Didelphidae: opossums
- Order Paucituberculata
- Family Caenolestidae: shrew or rat opossums
- Order Microbiotheria
- Family Microbiotheriidae: Monito del Monte
- Order Dasyuromorphia
- Family Thylacinidae: Thylacine
- Family Dasyuridae: marsupial carnivores
- Family Myrmecobiidae: Numbat
- Order Notoryctemorphia
- Family Notoryctidae: marsupial moles
- Superorder Syndactyla
- Order Peramelemorphia
- Family Peramelidae: bandicoots and bilbies
- Family Peroryctidae: rainforest bandicoots
- Order Diprotodontia
- Family Phascolarctidae: Koala
- Family Vombatidae: wombats
- Family Phalangeridae: cuscuses, brushtail possums
- Family Burramyidae: pygmy possums
- Family Tarsipedidae: Honey Possum
- Family Petauridae: striped possums, wrist-ringed gliders
- Family Pseudocheiridae: ringtailed possums and allies
- Family Potoroidae: potoroos, bettongs
- Family Acrobatidae: Feathertail Glider
- Family Hypsiprymnodontidae: Musky Rat Kangaroo
- Family Macropodidae: kangaroos, wallabies, and allies
- Order Peramelemorphia
Subclass Placentalia
- Order Xenarthra
- Family Bradypodidae: three-toed sloths
- Family Megalonychidae: two-toed sloths
- Family Choloepinae
- Family Dasypodidae: armadillos
- Family Myrmecophagidae: true anteaters
- Order Pholidota
- Family Manidae: pangolins
- Superorder Glires
- Order Rodentia
- Suborder Sciurognathi
- Family Aplodontidae: Mountain Beaver
- Family Sciuridae: squirrels, marmots
- Family Castoridae: beavers
- Family Geomyidae: pocket gophers
- Family Hetromyidae: pocket mice, kangaroo rats
- Family Dipodidae: jerboas, birch mice, jumping mice
- Family Muridae: rats and mice
- Family Anomaluridae: scaly-tailed squirrels
- Family Pedetidae: Springhaas
- Family Ctenodactylidae: gundis
- Family Myoxidae: dormice
- Suborder Hystricognathi
- Family Laonastidae: Laotian rock rat
- Family Bathyergidae: mole rats
- Family Hystricidae: Old World porcupines
- Family Petromuridae: Dassie Rat
- Family Thryonomyidae: cane rats
- Family Erethizontidae: New World porcupines
- Family Chinchillidae: chinchillas, viscachias
- Family Dinomyidae: Paracana
- Family Caviidae: cavies, guinea pigs, Patagonian Hare
- Family Hydrochaeridae: Capybara
- Family Dasyproctidae: agoutis, acouchis
- Family Agoutidae: pacas
- Family Ctenomyidae: tuco-tucos
- Family Octodontidae: viscacha rats, coruro
- Family Abrocomidae: chinchilla rats
- Family Echimyidae: spiny rats
- Family Capromyidae: hutias
- Family Myocastoridae: Nutria
- Suborder Sciurognathi
- Order Lagomorpha
- Family Ochotonidae: pikas
- Family Leporidae: rabbits, hares
- Order Rodentia
- Order Macroscelidea
- Family Macroscelididae: elephant shrews
- Superorder Archonta
- Order Primates
- Suborder Strepsirrhini
- Family Cheirogaleidae: dwarf and mouse lemurs
- Family Lemuridae: lemurs
- Family Lepilemuridae: sportive lemurs
- Family Indridae: indrid lemurs, sifakas
- Family Daubentoniidae: Aye-aye
- Family Lorisidae: lorises, Potto
- Family Galagidae: galagos
- Suborder Haplorrhini
- Family Tarsiidae: tarsiers
- Family Cebidae: marmosets, tamarins, capuchins and squirrel monkeys
- Family Atelidae: owl, howler and spider monkeys, titis, sakis and ukaris
- Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys
- Family Hylobatidae: gibbons, siamangs
- Family Hominidae: Gorilla, chimpanzees, Orangutan, Human
- Suborder Strepsirrhini
- Order Scandentia
- Family Tupaiidae: tree shrews
- Order Chiroptera
- Suborder Macrochiroptera
- Family Pteropodidae: Old World fruit bats
- Suborder Microchiroptera
- Family Rhinopomatidae: mouse-tailed bats
- Family Craseonycteridae: Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat
- Family Emballonuridae: sac-winged or sheath-tailed bats
- Family Nycteridae: slit-faced bats
- Family Megadermatidae: false vampire bats
- Family Rhinolophidae: horseshoe bats
- Family Noctilionidae: fishing bats
- Family Mormoopidae: leaf-chinned bats
- Family Phyllostomidae: New World leaf-nosed bats
- Family Natalidae: funnel-eared bats
- Family Furipteridae: smoky bats
- Family Thyropteridae: disk-winged bats
- Family Myzopodidae: Sucker-footed Bat
- Family Vespertilionidae: common bats
- Family Mystacinidae: short-tailed bats
- Family Molossidae: free-tailed bats
- Suborder Macrochiroptera
- Order Dermoptera
- Family Cynocephalidae: colugos
- Order Primates
- Order Insectivora
- Family Solenodontidae: solenodons
- Family Nesophontidae: nesophontids
- Family Tenrecidae: tenrecs
- Family Chrysochloridae: golden moles
- Family Erinaceidae: hedgehogs, gymnures
- Family Soricidae: shrews
- Family Talpidae: moles and desmans
- Order Carnivora
- Suborder Fissipedia
- Superfamily Caniformia
- Family Canidae: wolves, Coyote, foxes, jackals
- Family Procyonidae: raccoons, kinkajou, Red Panda
- Family Mustelidae: weasels, otters
- Family Mephitidae: skunks
- Family Ursidae: bears, Giant Panda
- Superfamily Feliformia
- Family Felidae: cats
- Family Herpestidae: mongooses
- Family Hyaenidae: hyenas, Aardwolf
- Family Viverridae: civets, genets
- Superfamily Caniformia
- Suborder Pinnipedia
- Superfamily Otarioidae
- Family Odobenidae: Walrus
- Family Otariidae: sea lions
- Superfamily Phocoidae
- Family Phocidae: seals
- Superfamily Otarioidae
- Suborder Fissipedia
- Superorder Ungulata
- Order Tubulidentata
- Family Orycteropodidae: Aardvark
- Order Hyracoidea
- Family Procaviidae: hyraxes
- Order Proboscidea
- Family Elephantidae: elephants
- Order Sirenia
- Family Dugongidae: Dugong, Stellar Sea Cow
- Family Trichechidae: manatees
- Order Perissodactyla
- Family Equidae: horses, asses, zebras
- Family Tapiridae: tapirs
- Family Rhinocerotidae: rhinceroses
- Order Artiodactyla
- Suborder Suiformes
- Family Suidae: pigs, warthogs
- Family Tayassuidae: peccaries
- Family Hippopotamidae: hippopotamuses
- Suborder Tylopoda
- Family Camelidae: camels, llamas, Vicuna
- Suborder Ruminantia
- Family Tragulidae: chevrotains
- Family Giraffidae: Giraffe, Okapi
- Family Moschidae: musk deer
- Family Cervidae: true deer
- Family Antilocapridae: Pronghorn
- Family Bovidae: antelope, sheep, goats, buffalo, bison, cattle
- Suborder Suiformes
- Order Cetacea
- Suborder Mysticeti
- Family Balaenidae: Bowhead and right whales
- Family Balaenopteridae: rorquals
- Family Eschrichtiidae: Gray Whale
- Family Neobalaenidae: Pigmy Right Whale
- Suborder Odontoceti
- Family Delphinidae: oceanic dolphins
- Family Monodontidae: Narwhal, Beluga
- Family Phocoenidae: porpoises
- Family Physeteridae: sperm whales
- Family Platanistoidae: river dolphins
- Family Ziphiidae: beaked whales
- Suborder Mysticeti
- Order Tubulidentata