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- Brain (22060 bytes)
3: ...ctions such as heartbeat, blood pressure, fluid balance and body temperature. Functions of the brain a...
4: ...x|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip Art]]]
5: ...The [[human brain]] is particularly complex and enlarged.
9: ...'circumesophageal lobes'' that are flanked by two large optical lobes on the left and right (Butler, 2...
11: ...mplex vertebrates like mammals have developed six-layered [[neocortex]] in addition to having some par... - Breast (4630 bytes)
1: ... [[antipsychotic]] medication). Both sexes have a large concentration of [[blood vessel]]s and [[nerve...
5: ...s below and from the midline to the edge of the [[latissimus dorsi]] posteriorly.
7: ...), the lobules, [[Cooper's ligaments]], the [[areola]] and the [[nipple]]. The nipple is supplied by t...
9: ...r. In some rare cases, one breast may be greatly larger or smaller than the other, or fail to develop...
11: ...strated to cause the development of woman-like, enlarged breasts in men, a condition called [[gynecoma... - Basal ganglia (4800 bytes)
1: ...lip Art provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip Art]]]
4: ... divided into the "pars compacta" and "pars reticulata").
6: ... the human brain with nuclei of the basal ganglia labelled on the right side.
7: ...lei, the term "basal ganglia" is plural (the singular of ganglia is ''[[ganglion]]''). There are two c...
8: ...ed to show the basal ganglia as the smaller subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra lie deeper back i... - Arm (7276 bytes)
3: ...Beyond the wrist are the [[metacarpals]] and [[phalanges]] of the hand and fingers.
5: ...lows for movement of the arms in a wide circular plane, while the presence of two forearm bones which ...
11: ...at the [[sternoclavicular]] joint, while the scapula slides across the posterior chest wall via the "s...
13: ...]], which elevates the arm to the side; and the [[latissimus dorsi]], which pulls the arm down.
15: ...] sinks between the two muscles to join the [[axillary vein]]. - Back (949 bytes)
2: ...] side of the [[torso]] in [[humans]] and other [[primates]]. It is supported by the [[vertebra|spine]].
6: * '''Back''' in [[slang]] can mean to support, as in ''Backing the home...
8: ...] and [[Hockey]] and many other games it means a player who is defending the [[goal]]. It is often qu...
10: * At [[Cambridge]], in England, '''The Backs''' (in the plural and with a capi... - Buttock (426 bytes)
1: ...an]] ([[primate]]) [[pelvis]]. They allow humans (primates) to sit upright comfortably without resting weigh... - List of reference tables (55289 bytes)
1: This is a '''list of reference tables''', similar to the collection of [[reference table]]s found ...
3: It includes listings or tabular information for quick reference, not narrative a...
7: Despite the present lack of support at Wikipedia for sorting tables, one...
9: ...dia:Page size]] suggests not to divide lists even large.
13: ...pacing=0 style="float: right; border-collapse: collapse"> - Human (48024 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
7: {{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Primates]]}}
13: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
21: ...with all of the [[apes]]: [[chimpanzee]]s, [[gorilla]]s, [[orangutan]]s, and [[gibbon]]s. - Mammal (11782 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = '''Mammalia'''}}
7: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
9: *Subclass [[Monotremata]]
11: *Subclass [[Marsupialia]] - Orangutan (5406 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
7: {{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Primates]]}}
10: ...rd Germain Etienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacepede|Lacepede]] | date = [[1799]]}}
11: {{Taxobox_end_placement}} - Pope Leo I (11553 bytes)
1: ... Pope". He stopped the invasion of Italy by [[Atilla the Hun]] in [[452]] by his moral suasion, was a ...
5: ...] written at his request. But nothing shows more plainly the confidence felt in him than his being cho...
11: ...t in the diocese of [[Aquileia]], [[Pelagianism|Pelagians]] were received into church communion withou...
19: ...] faith in the [[Vandal]] invasion, and in its isolation was disposed to rest on outside support, gave...
23: ...x of the hierarchy of bishops, metropolitans, and primates. However, after his death the influence of Consta... - Thumb (3123 bytes)
1: ...x|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip Art]]]
7: * distal phalanx (of the first digit)
8: * proximal phalanx (of the first digit)
21: ...e [[anatomical snuff box]] (an indentation on the lateral aspect of the thumb at its base) where one c...
31: ...velopment of a larger anthropoid [[brain]] in the later stages. - Cerebral cortex (3090 bytes)
1: ...lip Art provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip Art]]]
2: ...ate]]s, including [[human]]s. It is the outermost layer of the [[cerebrum]] and has a [[grey]] color. ...
4: ...rceptual [[awareness]], "[[Thought|thinking]]", [[language]] and [[consciousness]].
7: Areas that receive that particular information are called sensory areas. The two he...
9: ...eas and make up a great deal of the cortex in all primates, humans included. The cortex is comprised of the ... - Hand (6764 bytes)
4: The '''hand''' ([[Medicine|med.]]/[[Latin|lat.]]: manus) is a portion of the [[arm]] or [[ante...
7: ...t also feature [[opposable thumb]]s, as described later in the text.
22: ...e thumb can be easily rotated 90?, on a perpendicular level compared to the palm, unlike the fingers w...
24: [[Image:Hands x-ray.jpg|thumbnail|325px|The [[phalanx bones]] in a human hand are visible in this [[x...
36: Also called [[phalanx bones]]. Human hands contain 14 of them; 2 in t... - Ape (10931 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
11: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
17: ...bers of the '''Hominoidea''' [[superfamily]] of [[primates]], including [[human]]s. There are two [[family (...
19: ...sists of 12 species of [[gibbon]]s, including the Lar and the Siamang, collectively known as the "less... - Baboon (5672 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
10: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
13: The '''Baboon''' is the largest non-[[hominid]] member of the [[primate]] or...
16: ...arian - they are foragers and are active at irregular times throughout the day and night. They can rai... - Bat (13851 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal|Mammalia]]}}
8: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
29: ...'', as the structure of the open wing is very similar to an outspread human hand, covered in a membran...
31: ...[http://www.atan.org/en/animales/loroparque/murcielago.htm 1]. In addition, some bats prey on [[verteb... - Gorilla (6336 bytes)
1: {{Taxobox_begin | color = pink | name = Gorillas}}
2: ...a.Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipart]]}}
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
9: ...x_authority | author = [[Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|I Geoffroy]] | date = [[1853]]}} - Chimpanzee (10645 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
10: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
26: ...[[alpha male|alpha]], and highly complex social relationships; Bonobos, on the other hand, have a most...
30: ...'chimp''" was most likely coined some time in the late 1870s. Science would eventually take the 'pan' ... - Gibbon (3982 bytes)
2: ...erpark berlin.jpg|240px|Lar gibbon]]| caption = [[Lar Gibbon]]}}
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
10: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
15: ''[[Symphalangus]]'' - Neanderthal (12705 bytes)
3: ...3.jpg|200px]] | caption = ''H. neanderthalensis'' La Ferrassie 1}}
4: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
8: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
13: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
16: ...about 230,000 to 29,000 years ago (the [[Middle Palaeolithic]] and [[Lower Paleolithic]], in the [[Ple... - Homo erectus (3723 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
7: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
8: {{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Primates]]}}
12: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
15: ''[[Homo erectus palaeojavanicus]]''<br/> - Peking Man (2617 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
7: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
8: {{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Primates]]}}
13: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
21: ...Pithecanthropus|''Pithecanthropus erectus'']] but later transferred to the genus [[Homo (genus)|''Homo... - Opossum (4544 bytes)
1: ...[Paleocene]]. A sister group is the [[Paucituberculata]], or shrew opossums.
2: .... Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip Art]]]
3: ...ll jaw. The incisors are very small, the canines large.
5: ...dimorphic]] with [[male]]s usually being somewhat larger than [[female]]s.
9: ...one area as long as food and water are easily available. Though they will temporarily occupy abandoned... - Biology (23579 bytes)
4: ... is the [[science]] of [[life]] (from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''bios'' = life and ''logos''...
6: ...is studied in [[cell biology]] and at [[multicellular]] scales, it is examined in [[physiology]], [[a...
8: ...[[ecology]] and [[evolutionary biology]]. A speculative new field is [[astrobiology]] (or xenobiolog...
9: <div class="thumb tright">
19: <div class="thumbcaption" style="width:200px;">Biology stu... - Placentalia (2168 bytes)
1: {{Taxobox_begin | color = pink | name = Placental mammals}}
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
7: {{Taxobox_subclassis_entry | taxon = '''Placentalia'''}}
8: {{Taxobox_end_placement}} - Mandrill (3466 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
11: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
15: ...ill (mammal)|Drill]]. The Mandrill is the world's largest [[monkey]] species. The word ''mandrill'' me...
23: ...re]]s and acquire their food by foraging (mainly plants, insects and smaller animals) from the ground ... - Globus pallidus (1960 bytes)
1: ...allidus'', whereas the non-primate ''[[entopeduncular nucleus]]'' is often considered the homolog of t...
4: ... sometimes used as a target for [[deep brain stimulation]] as a treatment for [[Parkinson's disease]].
7: ...neurons send their axons to various [[thalamus|thalamic]] and [[brain stem]] nuclei. - Hippocampus (8957 bytes)
1: ...lip Art provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip Art]]]
2: ... supposedly resembles that of a seahorse ([[Greek language|Greek]]: ''hippocampus'').
6: ...evelopment of hippocampal volume in primates correlates more with overall increase of brain mass than ...
10: ...lobe memory system responsible for general ''[[declarative memory]]'' (memories which can be explicitl...
12: ...often last a lifetime, the hippocampus ceases to play a crucial role in the retention of the memory af... - Aye-aye (1185 bytes)
1: ...ndividuals were transported to Nosy Mangabe, an island near Maroansetra in eastern Madagascar. The Aye... - Incisor (921 bytes)
1: ..., Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip Art]]]'''Incisors''' are the first kin...
3: ... horses have twelve. The [[rodent]]s have four; [[lagomorph]]s were once thought to be rodents, but ar...
5: ''See also'': [[canine tooth]], [[molar (tooth)|molar]]. - Gelada (3522 bytes)
1: {{Taxobox_begin | color = pink | name = Gelada}}<br>{{StatusNearConcern}}
2: ...00.jpg|250px|A male Gelada]] | caption = A male Gelada}}
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
9: ...x_authority | author = [[Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|I. Geoffroy]] | date = [[1843]]}} - Jane Goodall (4250 bytes)
8: ...dy moved with their mother to [[Bournemouth]], England, where Vanne's mother and two sisters lived in ...
14: ...rst, in 1964, to wildlife photographer [[Hugo van Lawick]]; they divorced amicably in 1974. Their son,...
17: One of [[Gary Larson]]'s ''[[The Far Side]]'' [[cartoon]]s shows t...
19: ...ad taste, and had their lawyers draft a letter to Larson and his distribution syndicate, in which they...
21: ... and contrast the behavior of humans and animals. Larson also described the controversy in detail in '... - Animal P (610 bytes)
1: *[[Pallas Cat]]
16: *[[Platypus]]
18: *[[Polar Bear]]
25: *[[Primates]] - Black Howler Monkeys (4913 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
10: ...rd Germain Etienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacepede|Lacepede]] | date = [[1799]]}}
11: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
14: ''[[Coiba Island Howler|Alouatta coibensis]]''<br/> - Crow (4780 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Bird|Aves]]}}
10: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
15: ...dest linguistic capabilities and the ability to relay information over great distances, live in comple...
17: ...uth America]]) and several offshore and oceanic islands (including [[Hawaii]]) have representatives of... - Gorillas (5571 bytes)
1: {{Taxobox_begin | color = pink | name = Gorillas}}
2: ...a.Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipart]]}}
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
9: ...x_authority | author = [[Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|I Geoffroy]] | date = [[1853]]}} - Howler Monkeys (5154 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
10: ...rd Germain Etienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacepede|Lacepede]] | date = [[1799]]}}
11: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
14: ''[[Coiba Island Howler|Alouatta coibensis]]''<br/> - Lemurs (4235 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
10: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
20: ...lemur]] species are not lemurs, nor are they even primates.
22: ...rs are active at night ([[nocturnal]]), while the larger ones are active during the day ([[diurnal]]). - Mandrills (3466 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
11: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
15: ...ill (mammal)|Drill]]. The Mandrill is the world's largest [[monkey]] species. The word ''mandrill'' me...
23: ...re]]s and acquire their food by foraging (mainly plants, insects and smaller animals) from the ground ... - Mangabeys (2204 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
10: ...x_authority | author = [[ɴienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|ɮ Geoffroy]] | date = [[1812]]}}
11: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
14: ''[[Black Crested Mangabey|Lophocebus aterrimus]]''<br> - Marmosets (3943 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
11: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
16: ...article deals only with the 18 species currently classified in ''Callithrix''.
18: ...dom teeth]], and their brain layout seems to be relatively primitive. Their body temperature is unusu... - Opossums (4544 bytes)
1: ...[Paleocene]]. A sister group is the [[Paucituberculata]], or shrew opossums.
2: .... Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip Art]]]
3: ...ll jaw. The incisors are very small, the canines large.
5: ...dimorphic]] with [[male]]s usually being somewhat larger than [[female]]s.
9: ...one area as long as food and water are easily available. Though they will temporarily occupy abandoned... - Proboscis Monkeys (3096 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
9: ...x_authority | author = [[ɴienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|E. Geoffroy]] | date = [[1812]]}}
10: {{Taxobox_species_entry | taxon = '''''N. larvatus'''''}}
11: {{Taxobox_end_placement}} - Prosimians (1123 bytes)
1: ... [[ape]]s and [[human]]s. Prosimians are the only primates native to [[Madagascar]], and are also found in S...
3: ...ey are believed to be [[haplorrhine]]s, closely related to the tarsiers, but an outgroup to the rest o...
5: ==Classification==
6: ...d ranks in the list below of the current Primate classification between the [[order]] and [[family (bi... - Snow Monkeys (3542 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
11: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
15: ...ed free-ranging population has been living near [[Laredo, Texas]] since 1972. They are said to be the ...
20: ...s most famous for the amount of time they spend relaxing in naturally heated volcanic [[hot spring]]s.... - Spider Monkeys (5787 bytes)
2: {{Taxobox_image | image = [[image:black-handed spider monkey.jpg|200px|Geoffroy's Spide...
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
9: ...x_authority | author = [[ɴienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|E. Geoffroy]] | date = [[1806]]}}
10: {{Taxobox_end_placement}} - Vervet Monkeys (2054 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
11: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
15: ... an African [[Old World monkey]] species that is classified into the family [[Cercopithecidae]]. The t...
17: ...mmonly found around South Africa, where they are classified as [[vermin]]. Sources indicate that these... - Mammal classification (78467 bytes)
1: ...due to the results of [[molecular phylogeny|molecular phylogenetics]].
3: ...out a [[systematics]] of [[mammal]] origins and relationships that was universally taught until the en...
5: ...ed, it remained the closest thing to an official classification of mammals.
7: ==Standardized textbook classification==
9: ...mong the orders within these subclasses and infraclasses. This system also makes no note of the posit... - Indri (1295 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
10: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
14: ...ge eyes. The long silky coat, except on the bare black face and snout, is particolored. Gestation is 5...
16: ... and took the word to be the animal's name. The Malagasy name for the animal is '''Babakoto'''. - Proboscis Monkey (3098 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
9: ...authority | author = [[�tienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|E. Geoffroy]] | date = [[1812]]}}
10: {{Taxobox_species_entry | taxon = '''''N. larvatus'''''}}
11: {{Taxobox_end_placement}} - Eocene (7034 bytes)
1: ... that may be related to the impact of one or more large [[bolide]]s in [[Siberia]] and in what is now ...
5: {{Palaeogene Footer}}
24: ...ense warming (up to 7�C at high latitudes) that lasted less than 100,000 years [http://www.giss.nasa...
26: ...g, which eventually led to the [[Pleistocene]] [[glaciation]]s, started around the end of epoch as oce...
29: ...ng the Eocene, the [[continent]]s continued to [[plate tectonics|drift]] toward their present position... - Linnaean classification (11503 bytes)
1: ...s and is likely to continue to do so. Scientific classification belongs to the science of [[taxonomy]]...
5: ...mals based on their means of transportation (air, land, or water).
7: ... commentary is now lost, but its translation into Latin by [[Michael Scot]] survives.
9: ...16–1565). Gesner's work was a critical compilation of life known at the time.
11: ... [[Edward Tyson]] (1649–1708). Advances in classification due to the work of [[entomologist]]s a... - Homo (genus) (2583 bytes)
2: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
5: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
6: {{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Primates]]}}
10: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
25: ...'Homo sapiens'' are extinct; the last surviving relative, ''[[Homo neanderthalensis]]'', died out 30,0... - Tool (5792 bytes)
10: ...], such as the [[hammer]] and the [[knife]]. Similarly, people can use weapons, such as [[explosive]]...
14: "Tool" as a noun (slang), a meaningless individual.
20: * An [[implement]] tends to be a small and relatively simple tool.
21: ...ument]] is a concrete or abstract tool, in particular a refined one.
24: * A [[Placeholder name|cadigan]] can represent a generic to...
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