Homo (genus)
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Homo antecessor (extinct) |
Homo is the genus that includes modern humans and their close relatives. The genus is estimated to be between 1.5 and 2.5 million years old. All species except Homo sapiens are extinct; the last surviving relative, Homo neanderthalensis, died out 30,000 years ago, although recent evidence suggests that Homo floresiensis lived as recently as 12,000 years ago.
A minority of zoologists consider that the chimpanzees and bonobo (usually treated in the genus Pan), and maybe the gorillas (usually treated in the genus Gorilla) should also be included in the genus based on genetic similarities. Most scientists argue that chimpanzees and gorillas have too many anatomical differences between themselves and humans to be part of Homo.
Species
- Homo antecessor
- Homo rhodesiensis
- Homo rudolfensis
- Homo habilis
- Homo cepranensis
- Homo ergaster
- Homo erectus
- Homo floresiensis (Flores Man — discovered 2003)
- Homo georgicus
- Homo heidelbergensis (Heidelberg Man)
- Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthal Man)
- Homo sapiens (modern humans)
The last three have been considered to be subspecies of Homo sapiens, but analysis of mitochondrial DNA from H. neanderthalensis fossils suggests that the difference is great enough to count as a separate species.