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- Polonium (10219 bytes)
95: ...ce dissolves readily in dilute [[acid]]s, but is only slightly [[solubility|soluble]] in [[alkali]]s. ...
99: ... other places. However beta sources are more commonly used and are less dangerous.
123: ...x 10<sup>11</sup> times as toxic as [[hydrocyanic acid]]. The maximum permissible concentration for airb...
126: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/84.html Los Alamos National Laborato... - Rhenium (8807 bytes)
42: ...s ([[Oxide]])</td><td>'''6''', 4, 2, -2 (mildly [[acid]]ic)</td></tr>
103: ...on]]. It is also one of the most dense, exceeded only by [[platinum]], [[iridium]], and [[osmium]]. Th...
132: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/75.html Los Alamos National Laborato... - Rhodium (8753 bytes)
141: ...platinum]]. It is not attacked by [[acid]]s and only dissolves in [[aqua regia]].
148: ...tic carbonylation of methanol to produce [[acetic acid]] by the [[Monsanto process]]).
153: ...lving the ore in [[aqua regia]], neutralizing the acid with [[sodium hydroxide]] ([[sodium|Na]][[oxygen|...
156: ..., the annual world production of this element is only 7 or 8 [[ton]]s and there are very few rhodium [...
161: Naturally occurring rhodium is composed of only one [[isotope]] (Rh-103). The most stable [[radi... - Ruthenium (10241 bytes)
52: | 2, 3, '''4''', 6, 8 (mildly [[acid]]ic)
158: ...um dissolves in fused alkalis, is not attacked by acids but is attacked by [[halogen]]s at high temperat...
208: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/44.html Los Alamos National Laborato... - Selenium (9236 bytes)
53: | ±2,'''4''',6 (strong [[acid]])
187: ...of life; it is a component of the unusual [[amino acid]] [[selenocysteine]]. Because of its photovoltaic...
199: ... and the mud from the lead chambers of [[sulfuric acid]] plants. These muds can be processed by a number...
216: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/34.html Los Alamos National Laborato... - Silicon (13233 bytes)
44: ...dspar]], [[granite]], [[quartz]] and [[sand]], mainly in the form of [[silicon dioxide]] (also known a...
47: ...combination of [[nitric acid]] and [[hydrofluoric acid]]) do not affect it. Elemental silicon transmits ...
88: ...n was the first to be dissolved when treated with acid, leaving behind a more pure product.
93: ...ichlorosilane]] is the silicon compound most commonly used as the intermediate, although [[silicon tet...
95: ...s and deposits additional silicon onto the rods, enlarging them according to [[chemical reaction]]s li... - Sodium (8714 bytes)
62: *In [[soap]] (in combination with [[fatty acid]]s),
77: ...p is generally a sodium [[salt]] of certain fatty acids.
82: ...tope]]s of sodium that have been recognized. The only stable isotope is Na-23. Sodium has two [[radioa...
91: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/11.html Los Alamos National Laborato... - Sulfur (18059 bytes)
22: ... −1, ±2, 4, '''6'''<br />(strongly [[acid]]ic oxide) }}
45: ... element for life and is found in several [[amino acid]]s. Its commercial uses are primarily in [[ferti...
50: ...b>. By contrast, its lighter neighbor [[oxygen]] only exists in two states of chemical significance: O...
54: ...erty is that the [[viscosity]] of molten sulfur, unlike most other liquids, increases with temperature...
59: ... a nation's industrial development. More sulfuric acid is produced in the [[United States]] every year t... - Biochemistry (3247 bytes)
3: ...tein]]s, [[carbohydrate]]s, [[lipid]]s, [[nucleic acid]]s, and other [[biomolecule]]s. Recently biochemi...
8: ...and the [[citric acid cycle|Krebs cycle]] (citric acid cycle).
17: *[[Protein|Proteins]] and [[Amino acid]]s
18: *[[DNA]], [[RNA]] and [[Nucleic acid|Nucleic acids]] - Tantalum (11817 bytes)
50: | 5 (mildly [[acid]]ic)
171: ...xide]]. The element has a melting point exceeded only by [[tungsten]] and [[rhenium]] (melting point 3...
174: ...is in the production of electronic components, mainly tantalum [[capacitor]]s. Tantalum [[electrolyti...
181: ...re different compounds. Early investigators were only able to isolate impure metal and the first relat...
198: ... Ta-180 has a [[ground state]] [[half life]] of only 8 hours. - Tellurium (8984 bytes)
51: | ?2, '''4''', 6 (mildly [[acid]]ic)
177: ...ing it from a solution of tellurous or telluric [[acid]] (Te(OH)<sub>6</sub>). However, there is some de...
179: ...urium is corrosive to copper, [[iron]], and [[stainless steel]].
182: ... action of [[sulfuric acid]]. When added to [[stainless steel]] and [[copper]] it makes these metals m...
214: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/52.html Los Alamos National Laborato... - Technetium (32113 bytes)
52: | 0,2,4,5,6,7 (strong [[acid]])
184: ...elements. On earth, technetium occurs naturally only in uranium ores as a product of spontaneous fiss...
187: ...ance similar to [[platinum]]. However, it is commonly obtained as a grey powder. Its position in the p...
189: ...c acid]], but it is not soluble in [[hydrochloric acid]]. It has characteristic [[spectral line]]s at 3...
229: ... Building Blocks'', page 424, paragraph 2 and ''LANL Periodic Table'', "Technetium", paragraph 1}} Uni... - Thallium (12570 bytes)
114: ...tions for tellurium on residues from a [[sulfuric acid]] plant. The name comes from Thallium's bright [[...
118: ...]]s and is extracted as a by-product of sulfuric acid production when pyrite ore is roasted. Another wa...
121: ...84 to 210. Tl–203 and Tl–205 are the only stable isotopes and Tl–204 is the most sta...
135: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/81.html Los Alamos National Laborato... - Thorium (11307 bytes)
166: ** In the conversion of [[ammonia]] to [[nitric acid]].
168: ** In producing [[sulfuric acid]].
178: ...]], and is about as common as [[lead]]. Soil commonly contains an average of around 6 parts per millio...
183: ... and then U-233. The irradiated fuel can then be unloaded from the reactor, the U-233 separated from t...
185: ...be commercialised, and the effort required seems unlikely while (or where) abundant uranium is availab... - Tin (12094 bytes)
181: ...attacked by strong [[acid]]s, [[alkali]]s, and by acid [[salt]]s. Tin acts as a [[catalyst]] when [[oxyg...
183: ...and oxygen and displaces [[hydrogen]] from dilute acids. Tin is malleable at ordinary temperatures but i...
196: ...ed by the use of [[aluminum]] foil, which is commonly referred to as ''tin foil''. Hence one use of th...
198: ...a (unit)|T]]). A superconducting magnet weighing only a couple of [[kilogram]]s is capable of producin...
207: ... thin sheets. Most everyday objects that are commonly called tin, such as [[aluminium foil]], [[bevera... - Titanium (20884 bytes)
118: ...soluble]] in water but is soluble in concentrated acids. A [[metal|metallic]] [[element]], it is also we...
120: ...] gas, [[chloride]] solutions, and most [[organic acid]]s. It is [[paramagnetic]] (weakly attracted to [...
122: ...r it is bombarded with [[deuteron]]s, emitting mainly [[positron]]s and hard [[gamma ray]]s. The metal...
127: ...educe grain size and as a deoxidizer but in [[stainless steel]] it is employed to reduce [[carbon]] co...
150: ...s well in many [[iron]] ores. Of these minerals, only ilmenite and rutile have significant economic im... - Tungsten (13647 bytes)
52: | '''6''', 5, 4, 3, 2 (mildly [[acid]]ic)
163: ...ust physical properties. The pure form is used mainly in electrical applications but its many compound...
166: ...t can only be attacked slightly by most mineral [[acid]]s. Tungsten metal forms a protective [[oxide]] w...
185: ...d in isolating tungsten through reduction of this acid with [[charcoal]]. They are credited with the dis...
201: ...</sub>O<sub>42</sub><sup>10−</sup>. Further acidification produces the very soluble metatungstate ... - Vanadium (13808 bytes)
100: ...d combined in certain [[mineral]]s and is used mainly to produce certain [[alloy]]s.
103: ...se]] the property of having valency oxides with [[acid]] properties.
110: **specialty [[stainless steel]], e.g. for use in [[surgical instrument...
118: ...sed as a [[catalyst]] in manufacturing [[sulfuric acid]] (via the [[Contact process]]) and [[maleic anhy...
124: ...orrectly declared that del Rio's new element was only impure [[chromium]]. Del Rio thought himself to ... - Xenon (12457 bytes)
51: | 0, +2, +4, +6 <br>(weak [[acid]], rarely more than 0)
185: ... a color temperature closely approximating noon sunlight and are used in solar simulators, some projec...
222: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/54.html Los Alamos National Laborato... - Analytical chemistry (4933 bytes)
20: ...tical methods rely on scrupulous attention to cleanliness, sample preparation, [[accuracy and precisio...
22: ...ny practitioners will keep all their glassware in acid to prevent contamination, samples will be re-run ...
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