Ubykh phonology
|
|
Template:IPA notice Below is an International Phonetic Alphabet rendition of the Ubykh consonant inventory.
Consonants
| bilabial | alveolar | postalveolar | alveolo-palatal | retroflex | velar | uvular | glottal | |||
| stops | voiceless | simple | [[voiceless bilabial plosive|]] | [[voiceless dental plosive|]] — | [[voiceless velar plosive|]] — | [[voiceless uvular plosive|]] — | ||||
| pharyng. | — | |||||||||
| palatalized | ||||||||||
| voiced | simple | [[voiced bilabial plosive|]] | [[voiced dental plosive|]] — | [[voiced velar plosive|]] — | ||||||
| pharyng. | ||||||||||
| palatalized | ||||||||||
| ejective | simple | [[bilabial ejective|]] | [[dental ejective|]] — | [[velar ejective|]] — | [[uvular ejective|]] — | |||||
| pharyng. | — | |||||||||
| palatalized | ||||||||||
| fricatives | voiceless | simple | [[voiceless labiodental fricative|]] | [[voiceless alveolar fricative|]] | [[voiceless postalveolar fricative|]] — | [[voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|]] — | [[voiceless retroflex fricative|]] | [[voiceless velar fricative|]] | [[voiceless uvular fricative|]] — | [[voiceless glottal fricative|]] |
| pharyng. | — | |||||||||
| palatalized | ||||||||||
| voiced | simple | [[voiced alveolar fricative|]] | [[voiced postalveolar fricative|]] — | [[voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|]] — | [[voiced retroflex fricative|]] | [[voiced velar fricative|]] | [[voiced uvular fricative|]] — | |||
| pharyng. | — | |||||||||
| palatalized | ||||||||||
| affricates | voiceless | [[voiceless alveolar affricate|]] | [[voiceless postalveolar affricate|]] | [[voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|]] — | [[voiceless retroflex affricate|]] | |||||
| voiced | [[voiced alveolar affricate|]] | [[voiced postalveolar affricate|]] | [[voiced alveolo-palatal affricate|]] — | [[voiced retroflex affricate|]] | ||||||
| ejective | — | |||||||||
| sonorants | nasal | simple | [[voiced bilabial nasal|]] | [[dental nasal|]] | ||||||
| pharyng. | ||||||||||
| approximants | simple | [[voiced bilabial approximant|]] | [[voiced alveolar approximant|]] | [[voiced palatal approximant|]] | ||||||
| pharyng. | ||||||||||
| lateral | voiceless | [[voiceless alveolar lateral|]] | ||||||||
| voiced | [[voiced alveolar lateral|]] | |||||||||
| ejective |
Notes
- The glottal stop [] is also noted, but only as an allophone of [].
- "pharyng." denotes a pharyngealized series of consonants, and pharyngealization itself is denoted with .
- When a labialized phoneme exists, it is listed after its unlabialized counterpart in the format "[unlab.] — [lab.]", and is further indicated by .
- Ejectives are indicated with an apostrophe ().
- Palatalization is indicated by .
- The velar stops [], [], and [] are only found in Turkish and Circassian loanwords.
- The fricatives [] and [] are strictly labiodental, not bilabial.