Trichuriasis
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Trichuriasis_lifecycle.jpg
Trichuriasis is a parasitic disease caused by infection of the large intestine by a parasite whipworm (Trichuris trichiura).
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Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Trichuriasis is common worldwide (in particular among countries with warm, humid climates) and primarily affects children, who may become infected if they ingest soil contaminated with whipworm eggs. The ingested eggs hatch, and the whipworm embeds in the wall of the large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum).
The main risk factor for infection is ingestion of eggs from soil contaminated with feces. Some outbreaks have been traced to contaminated vegetables (due to presumed soil contamination).
The development of symptoms depends on the burden of worms/eggs. Light infestations may lead to few or no symptoms. Heavy infestations may result in bloody diarrhea, iron deficiency anemia and on occasion, rectal prolapse.
Symptoms
- Light infestations are frequently asymptomatic (have no symptoms).
- Heavy infestations may have bloody diarrhea.
- Long-standing blood loss may lead to iron-deficiency anemia.
- Rectal prolapse is seen in severe cases.
Signs and tests
Trichuris_egg.jpg
A stool ova and parasites exam reveals the presence of typical whipworm eggs.
Treatment
Oral treatment with mebendazole for 3 days is commonly used in symptomatic infections. Another anti-parasitic agent (albendazole) can be used as an alternative therapy.
Prognosis
Full recovery is expected with treatment.
Complications
In severe cases, dehydration and anemia from bloody diarrhea can occur. Rarely, rectal prolapse can also occur.
Prevention
Improved facilities for feces disposal have decreased the incidence of whipworm. Handwashing before food handling, and avoiding ingestion of soil by thorough washing of food that may have been contaminated with egg-containing soil are other preventive measures.
Source
- Whipworm Infection (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001364.htm). MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. US Federal Government public. domain. Update Date: 7/16/2004. Updated by: Daniel Levy, M.D., Ph.D., Infectious Diseases, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.