Trees of Canada

This list includes many of the common large shrubs of Canada, as well as the trees. Many of the trees on this list are introduced as ornamentals or for food and are not common in Canada. Also due to the vast area of Canada, a tree that is common in one area, may be completely absent or unable to grow in another area. In particular many warm-temperate trees can only be grown on the mild Pacific coast (where gardens may contain many additional species not listed here).

See also Provincial tree emblems of Canada for the official trees of the Provinces and Territories of Canada.

Conifers (Pinophyta)

Abies firs

• amabilis Pacific Silver Fir
• balsamea Balsam Fir
• bifolia Rocky Mountains Subalpine Fir
• concolor White Fir - introduced
• grandis Grand Fir
• lasiocarpa Coast Range Subalpine Fir
• magnifica Red Fir - introduced
• nordmanniana Nordmann Fir - introduced
• pinsapo Spanish Fir - introduced
• procera Noble Fir - introduced

Araucaria

• Araucaria araucana Monkey-puzzle - introduced

Callitropsis

• nootkatensis Nootka Cypress, "Yellow-cedar" (previously included in Chamaecyparis)

Cedrus cedars

• atlantica Atlas Cedar - introduced
• deodora Deodar Cedar - introduced
• libani Lebanon Cedar - introduced

Chamaecyparis

• lawsoniana Lawson's Cypress - introduced
• obtusa Hinoki Cypress - introduced
• pisifera Sawara Cypress - introduced

Cryptomeria

• Cryptomeria japonica Sugi - introduced

Cupressus

• arizonica Arizona Cypress - introduced
• macrocarpa Monterey Cypress - introduced

Juniperus junipers

• chinensis Chinese Juniper - introduced
• communis Common Juniper
• horizontalis Creeping Juniper
• sabina Savin Juniper - introduced
• scopulorum Rocky Mountain Juniper
• virginiana Eastern Juniper

Larix larches

• decidua European Larch - introduced
• gmelinii Dahurian Larch - introduced
• kaempferi Japanese Larch - introduced
• laricina Tamarack Larch
• lyallii Subalpine Larch
• occidentalis Western Larch
• sibirica Siberian Larch - introduced

Metasequoia

• Metasequoia glyptostroboides Dawn Redwood - introduced

Picea spruces

• abies Norway Spruce - introduced
• engelmannii Engelmann Spruce
• glauca White Spruce
• mariana Black Spruce
• omorika Serbian Spruce - introduced
• pungens Colorado Spruce - introduced
• rubens Red Spruce
• sitchensis Sitka Spruce

Pinus pines

• albicaulis Whitebark Pine
• aristata Bristlecone Pine - introduced
• banksiana Jack Pine
• contorta subsp. contorta Shore Pine
• contorta subsp. latifolia Lodgepole Pine
• flexilis Limber Pine
• monticola Western White Pine
• mugo Mountain Pine - introduced
• nigra European Black Pine or Austrian Pine - introduced
• ponderosa Ponderosa Pine
• resinosa Red Pine
• rigida Pitch Pine
• strobus Eastern White Pine
• sylvestris Scots Pine - introduced

Platycladus

• orientalis Chinese Arborvitae (previously known as Thuja orientalis) - introduced

Pseudotsuga

• Pseudotsuga menziesii Coast Douglas-fir
• Pseudotsuga menziesii subsp. glauca Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir

Sciadopitys

• Sciadopitys verticillata Umbrella-pine - introduced

Sequoia

• sempervirens Coast Redwood - introduced

Sequoiadendron

• giganteum Giant Sequoia - introduced

Taxodium baldcypresses

• distichum Baldcypress - introduced

Taxus yews

• baccata English Yew - introduced
• brevifolia Western Yew
• canadensis Canada Yew
• cuspidata Japanese Yew - introduced

Thuja thujas

• occidentalis Eastern Arborvitae
• plicata Western Redcedar

Tsuga hemlocks

• canadensis Eastern Hemlock
• heterophylla Western Hemlock
• mertensiana Mountain Hemlock

Ginkgos (Ginkgophyta)

Ginkgo

• Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo - introduced

Broadleaves (Magnoliophyta)

Acer maples

• circinatum Vine maple
• x freemanii Freeman's maple (hybrid red maple x silver maple)
• ginnala Amur maple - introduced
• glabrum Douglas maple
• macrophyllum Bigleaf maple
• negundo Manitoba maple or boxelder
• nigrum Black maple
• palmatum Japanese maple - introduced
• pensylvanicum Striped maple
• platanoides Norway maple - introduced
• pseudoplatanus Sycamore maple - introduced
• rubrum Red maple
• saccharinum Silver maple
• saccharum Sugar maple
• spicatum Mountain maple

Aesculus buckeyes and horse-chestnuts

• x carnea Red horse-chestnut - introduced
• glabra Ohio buckeye
• hippocastanum European horse-chestnut - introduced

Ailanthus

• Ailanthus altissima Ailanthus - introduced

Alnus alders

• glutinosa Black alder - introduced
• incana Speckled alder
• rubra Red alder
• serrulata Hazel alder
• viridis Green alder

Amelanchier serviceberries

• alnifolia Saskatoon berry
• arborea Downy serviceberry
• bartramiana Mountain serviceberry
• florida Pacific serviceberry
• laevis Smooth serviceberry
• sanguinea Roundleaf serviceberry

Aralia

• Aralia elata Japanese angelica-tree - introduced

Arbutus

• Arbutus menziesii Pacific Madrone

Asimina

• Asimina triloba Pawpaw

Betula birches

• alleghaniensis Yellow Birch
• cordifolia Mountain Paper Birch
• kenaica Kenai Paper Birch
• lenta Cherry Birch
• neoalaskana Alaska Paper Birch
• occidentalis Water Birch
• papyrifera Paper Birch
• pendula Silver Birch - introduced
• populifolia Gray Birch

Caragana

• Caragana arborescens Siberian pea-tree - introduced

Carpinus hornbeams

• betulus European Hornbeam - introduced
• caroliniana American Hornbeam

Carya hickories

• cordiformis Bitternut Hickory
• glabra Pignut Hickory
• laciniosa Shellbark Hickory
• ovata Shagbark Hickory

Castanea chestnuts

• dentata American Chestnut
• mollissima Chinese Chestnut - introduced

Catalpa catalpas

• bignonioides Southern catalpa - introduced
• ovata Japanese catalpa - introduced
• speciosa Northern catalpa - introduced

Celtis hackberries

• occidentalis Hackberry
• tenuifolia Dwarf hackberry

Cephalanthus occidentalis Button-bush

Cercidiphyllum

• Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsura-tree - introduced

Cercis

• Cercis canadensis Redbud

Cladrastis

• Cladrastis kentukea Yellow-wood - introduced

Cornus dogwoods

• alternifolia Alternate-leaved dogwood
• florida Flowering Dogwood
• kousa Kousa Dogwood - introduced
• mas European Cornel - introduced
• nuttallii Pacific Dogwood

Corylus hazels

• americana American Hazel
• avellana Common hazel - introduced
• colurna Turkish Hazel - introduced
• cornuta Beaked Hazel
• maxima Filbert - introduced

Cotinus

• Cotinus coggygria Smokebush - introduced

Crataegus Hawthorns - too many species to list.

Elaeagnus

• angustifolia Russian-olive - introduced
• commutata Silverberry

Euonymus Euonymus

• alatus Winged euonymus - introduced
• atropurpureus Burning-bush euonymus
• europaeus European spindle - introduced
• fortunei Winter-creeper euonymus - introduced

Fagus beeches

• grandifolia American Beech
• sylvatica European Beech - introduced

Fraxinus ashes

• americana White Ash
• excelsior European Ash - introduced
• latifolia Oregon Ash
• nigra Black Ash
• pennsylvanica Green Ash
• profunda Pumpkin Ash
• quadrangulata Blue Ash

Gleditsia

• Gleditsia triacanthos Honey-locust

Gymnocladus

• Gymnocladus dioicus Kentucky coffee-tree

Hamamelis

• Hamamelis virginiana Witch-hazel

Hippophae

• Hippophae rhamnoides Sea-buckthorn - introduced

Ilex hollies

• aquifolium English Holly - introduced
• opaca American Holly - introduced
• verticillata Common Winterberry

Juglans walnuts

• cineria Butternut
• nigra Black Walnut
• regia Persian Walnut - introduced

Laburnum

• Laburnum anagyroides Laburnum - introduced

Liquidambar

• Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum - introduced

Liriodendron

• Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip tree

Maclura

• Maclura pomifera Osage-orange - introduced

Magnolia magnolias

• acuminata Cucumber tree
• x soulangeana Saucer magnolia - introduced

Malus apples

• baccata Siberian crab apple - introduced
• coronaria Wild crab apple
• fusca Pacific crab apple
• sylvestris Common apple - introduced

Morus mulberries

• alba White Mulberry - introduced
• rubra Red Mulberry

Myrica

• Myrica californica Pacific bayberry

Nemopanthus

• Nemopanthus mucronatus Mountain holly

Nyssa

• Nyssa sylvatica Black tupelo

Ostrya

• Ostrya virginiana American hornbeam or Ironwood

Phellodendron

• Phellodendron amurense Amur cork-tree - introduced

Platanus planes

• x acerifolia London plane - introduced
• occidentalis American sycamore

Populus poplars, aspens, cottonwoods

• x acuminata Lanceleaf cottonwood
• alba White Poplar - introduced
• angustifolia Narrowleaf cottonwood
• balsamifera Eastern Balsam Poplar
• x canadensis Carolina poplar - introduced
• deltoides Eastern Cottonwood
• grandidentata Bigtooth Aspen
• x jackii Jack's hybrid poplar
• nigra Black Poplar, Lombardy poplar - introduced
• simonii Simon's poplar
• tremuloides Trembling Aspen
• trichocarpa Black Cottonwood

Prunus cherries, plums, peaches

• americana American plum
• armeniaca Apricot - introduced
• avium Sweet cherry - introduced
• cerasus Sour cherry - introduced
• emarginata Bitter cherry
• maackii Amur chokecherry - introduced
• nigra Canada plum
• pensylvanica Pin cherry
• serotina Black cherry
• serrulata Japanese flowering cherry - introduced
• virginiana Chokecherry

Ptelea

• Ptelea trifoliata Hoptree

Pyrus pears

• Pyrus communis Common pear

Quercus oaks

• alba White oak
• bicolor Swamp white oak
• coccinea Scarlet oak
• ellipsoidalis Northern pin oak - introduced
• garryana Garry oak
• ilicifolia Bear oak
• imbricaria Shingle oak
• macrocarpa Bur oak
• montana Chestnut oak
• muehlenbergii Chinquapin oak
• palustris Pin oak
• prinoides Dwarf chinquapin oak
• robur English oak - introduced
• rubra Northern red oak
• shumardii Shumard oak - introduced
• velutina Black oak

Rhamnus buckthorns

• cathartica European buckthorn - introduced
• frangula Glossy buckthorn - introduced
• purshiana Cascara buckthorn

Rhododendron rhododendrons

• macrophyllum Pacific rhododendron
• maximum Rosebay rhododendron - introduced
• ponticum Pontic rhododendron - introduced

Rhus sumacs

• copallina Shining sumac
• glabra Smooth sumac
• typhina Staghorn sumac

Robinia

• Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust - introduced

Sassafras

• Sassafras albidum Sassafras

Salix willows - too many species to list.

Sambucus elder

• callicarpa Red-berry elder
• canadensis American elder
• cerulea Blue-berry elder
• melanocarpa Black-berry elder
• pubens Eastern red-berry elder

Shepherdia

• Shepherdia argentea Silver buffalo-berry

Sorbus rowans

• americana American Rowan or mountain-ash
• aucuparia European rowan - introduced
• decora Showy Rowan or mountain-ash
• sitchensis Sitka Rowan or mountain-ash

Syringa

• Syringa vulgaris Common lilac

Tilia lindens

• americana Basswood
• cordata Little-leaf linden - introduced
• tomentosa Silver linden - introduced

Toxicodendron

• Toxicodendron vernix Poison-sumac

Ulmus elms

• americana American elm or White elm
• glabra Wych elm - introduced
• procera English elm - introduced
• pumila Siberian elm - introduced
• rubra Slippery elm
• thomasii Rock elm

Viburnum viburnums

• edule Squashberry
• lantana Wayfaring-tree - introduced
• lentago Sweet viburnum, nannyberry
• opulus Wayfaring tree - introduced
• trilobus Highbush viburnum

Zanthoxylum Zanthoxylums, prickly-ashes

• Zanthoxylum americanum Common prickly-ash
• Zanthoxylum clava-herculis Southern prickly-ash

Zelkova

• Zelkova serrata Japanese zelkova - introduced