Transit of Venus from Mars

A transit of Venus across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when the planet Venus passes directly between the Sun and Mars, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Mars. During a transit, Venus can be seen from Mars as a small black disc moving across the face of the Sun.

No one has ever seen a transit of Venus from Mars, but the next one will take place on August 20 2030, and could be observed by hypothetical future Mars colonists. Transits of Venus from Mars occur much more often than transits of Earth from Mars, and also much more often than transits of Venus from Earth.

The Venus-Mars synodic period is 333.92 days. It can be calculated using the formula 1/(1/P-1/Q), where P is the orbital period of Venus (224.701 days) and Q is the orbital period of Mars (686.98 days).

The inclination of Venus' orbit with respect to Mars' ecliptic is 1.94°, which is less than its value of 3.39° with respect to Earth's ecliptic.

From empirical observation of transit dates, it appears that transits occur within separate series; within each series, the transits are separated by 24042.45 days (just under 65 years and 10 months). This corresponds to 72 Venus-Mars synodic periods, or 35 Mars orbital periods, or 107 Venus orbital periods.

A series begins and ends with a near-miss just north or south of the Sun. When the distance between Venus and Mars at inferior conjunction is large enough (with Venus having an angular diameter of around 19"), a new series starts before the old one has ended. In this case transits occur only two synodic periods (about 668 days) apart, with one such transit catching the northern part of the Sun and the other catching the southern part of the Sun. However, when Venus and Mars are closer together at conjunction (with Venus having an angular diameter of around 23"), then one series ends before the other begins.

In the table below, series names beginning with "A" are near the ascending node with respect to the Martian ecliptic, and occur when Venus has an angular diameter of approximately 23–24". Series names beginning with "D" are near the descending node with respect to the Martian ecliptic, and occur when Venus has an angular diameter of approximately 18–19". It can be seen that Da2 starts before Da1 ends, and Db2 starts before Db1 ends, and Db3 starts before Db2 ends; however, Aa1 ends before Aa2 starts, and Ab1 ends before Ab2 starts.

Near misses are indicated with strikeout.

Transits of Venus from Mars Series
May 3 1703 [1] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=5&day=3&century=17&decade=0&year=3&hour=10&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da1
September 20 1730 [2] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=9&day=20&century=17&decade=3&year=0&hour=8&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Aa1
May 2 1735 [3] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=5&day=2&century=17&decade=3&year=5&hour=6&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db2
March 1 1737 [4] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=3&day=1&century=17&decade=3&year=7&hour=1&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db1
July 17 1764 [5] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=7&day=17&century=17&decade=6&year=4&hour=14&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Ab1
May 1 1767 [6] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=5&day=1&century=17&decade=6&year=7&hour=0&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da2 starting
February 27 1769 [7] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=2&day=27&century=17&decade=6&year=9&hour=21&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da1
July 17 1796 [8] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=7&day=17&century=17&decade=9&year=6&hour=12&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Aa1
February 27 1801 [9] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=2&day=27&century=18&decade=0&year=1&hour=17&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db2
December 28 1802 [10] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=12&day=28&century=18&decade=0&year=2&hour=12&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db1 ending
May 15 1830 [11] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=5&day=15&century=18&decade=3&year=0&hour=18&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Ab1
February 26 1833 [12] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=2&day=26&century=18&decade=3&year=3&hour=12&minute=30&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da2 starting
December 27 1834 [13] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=12&day=27&century=18&decade=3&year=4&hour=9&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da1
May 15 1862 [14] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=5&day=15&century=18&decade=6&year=2&hour=15&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Aa1
December 26 1866 [15] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=12&day=26&century=18&decade=6&year=6&hour=6&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db2
March 11 1896 [16] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=3&day=11&century=18&decade=9&year=6&hour=23&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Ab1
December 25 1898 [17] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=12&day=25&century=18&decade=9&year=8&hour=0&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da2
October 24 1900 [18] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=10&day=24&century=19&decade=0&year=0&hour=20&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da1
March 12 1928 [19] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=3&day=12&century=19&decade=2&year=8&hour=19&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Aa1
October 23 1932 [20] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=10&day=23&century=19&decade=3&year=2&hour=17&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db2
March 12 1960 [21] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=3&day=12&century=19&decade=6&year=0&hour=17&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Ab2 starting
January 8 1962 [22] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=1&day=8&century=19&decade=6&year=2&hour=3&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Ab1 ending
October 22 1964 [23] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=10&day=22&century=19&decade=6&year=4&hour=12&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da2
August 22 1966 [24] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=8&day=22&century=19&decade=6&year=6&hour=8&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da1
January 7 1994 [25] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=1&day=7&century=19&decade=9&year=4&hour=23&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Aa1
August 21 1998 [26] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=8&day=21&century=19&decade=9&year=8&hour=4&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db2
January 7 2026 [27] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=1&day=7&century=20&decade=2&year=6&hour=21&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Ab2 starting
November 5 2027 [28] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=11&day=5&century=20&decade=2&year=7&hour=8&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Ab1 ending
August 20 2030 [29] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=8&day=20&century=20&decade=3&year=0&hour=00&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da2
June 18 2032 [30] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=6&day=18&century=20&decade=3&year=2&hour=19&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da1
November 5 2059 [31] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=11&day=5&century=20&decade=5&year=9&hour=3&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Aa1
June 17 2064 [32] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=6&day=17&century=20&decade=6&year=4&hour=16&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db2
November 5 2091 [33] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=11&day=5&century=20&decade=9&year=1&hour=0&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Ab2
June 16 2096 [34] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=6&day=16&century=20&decade=9&year=6&hour=11&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da2
April 16 2098 [35] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=4&day=16&century=20&decade=9&year=8&hour=6&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da1
September 2 2125 [36] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=9&day=2&century=21&decade=2&year=5&hour=7&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Aa1
April 16 2130 [37] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=4&day=16&century=21&decade=3&year=0&hour=3&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db2
September 2 2157 [38] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=9&day=2&century=21&decade=5&year=7&hour=4&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Ab2
April 14 2162 [39] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=4&day=14&century=21&decade=6&year=2&hour=23&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da2
February 12 2164 [40] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=2&day=12&century=21&decade=6&year=4&hour=17&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da1
June 30 2191 [41] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=6&day=30&century=21&decade=9&year=1&hour=11&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Aa1
February 11 2196 [42] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=2&day=11&century=21&decade=9&year=6&hour=14&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db2
July 1 2223 [43] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=7&day=1&century=22&decade=2&year=3&hour=8&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Ab2
February 11 2228 [44] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=2&day=11&century=22&decade=2&year=8&hour=11&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da2
December 11 2229 [45] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=12&day=11&century=22&decade=2&year=9&hour=4&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da1
April 27 2257 [46] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=4&day=27&century=22&decade=5&year=7&hour=16&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Aa1
December 10 2261 [47] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=12&day=10&century=22&decade=6&year=1&hour=2&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db2
April 27 2289 [48] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=4&day=27&century=22&decade=8&year=9&hour=11&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Ab2
December 8 2293 [49] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=12&day=8&century=22&decade=9&year=3&hour=22&minute=0&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da2
October 8 2295 [50] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=10&day=8&century=22&decade=9&year=5&hour=14&minute=30&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da1 ending
February 23 2323 [51] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=2&day=23&century=23&decade=2&year=3&hour=21&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Aa1
October 8 2327 [52] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=10&day=8&century=23&decade=2&year=7&hour=12&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db2
February 23 2355 [53] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=2&day=23&century=23&decade=5&year=5&hour=16&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Ab2
October 7 2359 [54] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=10&day=7&century=23&decade=5&year=9&hour=9&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da2
August 6 2361 [55] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=8&day=6&century=23&decade=6&year=1&hour=1&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da1 ending
February 23 2387 [56] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=2&day=23&century=23&decade=8&year=7&hour=12&minute=30&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Aa2 starting
December 21 2388 [57] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=12&day=21&century=23&decade=8&year=8&hour=2&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Aa1 ending
October 6 2391 [58] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=10&day=6&century=23&decade=9&year=1&hour=5&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db3 starting
August 4 2393 [59] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=8&day=4&century=23&decade=9&year=3&hour=23&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db2
December 20 2420 [60] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=12&day=20&century=24&decade=2&year=0&hour=20&minute=30&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Ab2
August 3 2425 [61] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=8&day=3&century=24&decade=2&year=5&hour=21&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Da2
October 18 2454 [62] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=10&day=18&century=24&decade=5&year=4&hour=7&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Aa1 ending
December 20 2452 [63] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=12&day=20&century=24&decade=5&year=2&hour=16&minute=30&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Aa2
August 2 2457 [64] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=8&day=2&century=24&decade=5&year=7&hour=17&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db3
June 2 2459 [65] (http://space.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/wspace?tbody=0&vbody=4&month=6&day=2&century=24&decade=5&year=9&hour=10&minute=00&fovmul=1&rfov=1&bfov=1&porbs=1) Db2


See also

Template:Transit visibility table

References

  • Albert Marth, Note on the Transit of the Earth and Moon across the Sun’s Disk as seen from Mars on November 12, 1879, and on some kindred Phenomena, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 39 (1879), 513–514. [66] (http://adsbit.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1879MNRAS..39..513M)

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